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Introduction to the course II
Introduction to the course II

... inorganic substances, and thus can grow on minimal media. All yeast are prototroph with the exception that they need a carbon source of organic nature, which also serves as source of energy. They also need a few vitamins that they cannot synthesize themselves. For all other organic compounds needed ...
Independent specialization of the human and mouse X
Independent specialization of the human and mouse X

... were averaged, it was important to rule out the possibility that only one family member was actively transcribed in the testis—which we did by scrutinizing the testis mRNA-seq data for sequence variants that differentiated members of a gene family (Supplementary Table 9). The testis-predominant expr ...
DNA Sequence Capture and Enrichment by Microarray Followed by
DNA Sequence Capture and Enrichment by Microarray Followed by

... sequencing applications, such as targeted resequencing, whole-genome de novo sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and microRNA profiling (1–5 ). Targeted resequencing of an extremely large gene or multiple disease-related genes has the unique advantage of allowing the identification of genetic alte ...
Parent organism - Office of the Gene Technology Regulator
Parent organism - Office of the Gene Technology Regulator

...  GR-2 (1995-2003): General release for the commercialisation of violet carnation developed using genetic engineering. There have been no reports of adverse effects on human health or the environment resulting from these releases. Note that GM carnations have been commercially available in Australia ...
Mutation, Repair, and Recombination
Mutation, Repair, and Recombination

... Prototroph A: because 100 percent of the progeny are prototrophic, a reversion at the original mutant site may have occurred. Prototroph B: half the progeny are parental prototrophs, and the remaining prototrophs, 28 percent, are the result of the new mutation. Notice that 28 percent is approximatel ...
Conserved amino acid sequences confer nuclear localization
Conserved amino acid sequences confer nuclear localization

... metabolism, and the stress response. By comparative analysis of mammalian Prop1 genes and their encoded proteins, including cloning the ovine Prop1 gene and its products, we demonstrate that two conserved basic regions (B1 and B2) of the PROP1 protein located within the homeodomain are required for ...
2014 Training Handout
2014 Training Handout

... Controlling Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Gene expressions are strictly controlled at many levels to ensure the organism having the appropriate response to its environment or internal changes. This is important for prokaryotes because there are usually single-cell organisms, and they largely depend ...
Dismantling the Maryland DNA Convicted Offender Database
Dismantling the Maryland DNA Convicted Offender Database

... identity testing. In the United States, the National DNA Database (CODIS) requires the use of 13 STR markers ...
How Relevant is the Escherichia coli UvrABC Model for Excision
How Relevant is the Escherichia coli UvrABC Model for Excision

... DNA helicases operate in eukaryotic nucleotide excision. In addition, a striking sequence conservation is noted between human and yeast repair proteins. But no eukaryotic homologs of the UvrABC proteins have been identified. In this Commentary the parallels and differences between the prokaryotic an ...
Heredity - Monroe County Schools
Heredity - Monroe County Schools

... • Read the 5 statements and circle “agree” or ...
Special Article: Methods in Nutrition Science Cre/loxP System for
Special Article: Methods in Nutrition Science Cre/loxP System for

... of mice are developed independently, then crossed to generate offspring with the tissue-specific gene knockout (Figure 1). The first mouse strain contains a targeted gene flanked by two loxP sites (“floxed gene”) in a direct orientation. This mouse strain harboring the floxed gene can be crossed to ...
Biology Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Lab
Biology Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Lab

... We measure fragments of DNA in terms of numbers of base pairs (bp). Gel electrophoresis is a technique that allows researchers to separate mixtures of fragment sizes into visible bands in a gel. Think about it: you’ll remember from lecture that DNA has a slight negative charge. Suppose we had a gel ...
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of an
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of an

... colon and prostate, and to a lesser degree in some other human tumors (8, 9). It is detected even on undifferentiated colorectal carcinomas which lack most other gastrointestinal tumor-as sociated antigens (9). Biochemical analyses have shown that ME491 antigen is a membrane-bound glycoprotein prese ...
The Evolutionary Consequences of Polyploidy
The Evolutionary Consequences of Polyploidy

... effects on the phenotype and fitness of an individual. Beyond these immediate effects, changes in genome structure might allow evolutionary transitions that were previously impossible. For example, by introducing an additional complement of chromosomes, polyploidization might release gene duplicates ...
A Recipe for Traits.indd
A Recipe for Traits.indd

... in the sequence of these smaller units are what create differences in traits. More advanced information: The DNA molecule contains a sequence of four chemical bases, each represented by the first letter of its name: Guanine (G), Adenine (A), Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C). These bases, G, A, T, C are c ...
C2005/F2401 Lect #22 - Columbia University
C2005/F2401 Lect #22 - Columbia University

... 3/16 able to do the beta job or alpha job (but not the other) 1/16 should be able to do neither. To review the genotypes and phenotypes expected in cases like this (independent assortment, and one gene/one trait) try 10-1 part D, 10-2, 10-3 & 10-5. B. One gene -- Two (or many) traits. Suppose one ge ...
Analysis of P-element disrupted gene expressions in the eye
Analysis of P-element disrupted gene expressions in the eye

... male Drosophila makes it easier to design genetic screen models. Because the Drosophila genome is already sequenced, it became possible to discover functions of new genes by interrupting genes of known sequences. Drosophila stocks carrying P-element insertions at various locations in the genome are ...
Identification of the equine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein 17/18 as
Identification of the equine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein 17/18 as

... EHV-1 (Elton et al., 1991 a) would suggest that they may have similar functions. The aims of this study were to analyse the genome of KyA to confirm the presence or absence of genes for gE and gI, and to compare the structure of the Us region with that of other strains of EHV-1. The nucleotide seque ...
Multifractal analysis of DNA sequences using a novel chaos
Multifractal analysis of DNA sequences using a novel chaos

... the decay of correlations in the DNA sequence by Gxing a scale k = 1=2L , that corresponds to subsequences of length L, and by computing directly the spectrum fL () at that scale using (6). The way in which the spectrum varies provides a quantiGcation of the non-random structures existing within th ...
Biological Ontologies in Rice Databases. An Introduction to the
Biological Ontologies in Rice Databases. An Introduction to the

... find the other mutant phenotypes that have been evaluated for having the same trait, e.g. the trait ‘culm length’ [see Appendix 1 (20)]. Similarly, you can find other mutants that have been known to express phenotype at a given developmental stage or in a given plant part. The map position and seque ...
what is mutation?
what is mutation?

... 4. Sense mutations are the opposite of nonsense mutations. Here, a stop codon is converted into an amino acid codon. Since DNA outside of protein-coding regions contains an average of 3 stop codons per 64, the translation process usually stops after producing a slightly longer protein. – Example: No ...
Bioinformatics - University of Colorado Denver
Bioinformatics - University of Colorado Denver

... information, you see “Pathways.” KEGG stands for the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. It is a database of metabolic pathways that is maintained by a research institute in Japan. It contains all the known metabolic and signaling pathways. Each protein in the pathway and each small molecule me ...
Figure 2 - GEP Community Server
Figure 2 - GEP Community Server

... using a chemical method to tag the special structure that occurs at 5’ ends of transcript, fishing out the RNA molecules using these tags, and mapping the sequence back to the genome, a method called “CAGE” (cap analysis of gene expression). In addition, we will also display the "D. mel. cDNA" track ...
module 3: transcription part ii
module 3: transcription part ii

... using a chemical method to tag the special structure that occurs at 5’ ends of transcript, fishing out the RNA molecules using these tags, and mapping the sequence back to the genome, a method called “CAGE” (cap analysis of gene expression). In addition, we will also display the "D. mel. cDNA" track ...
Making sense of genetic variation!
Making sense of genetic variation!

... Population genetics describes variation within and between species There are two major areas of interest: •!Describe degrees of genetic variation within and between individuals and/or population •!infer the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for the origins and maintenance of genetic variation Muta ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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