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Plant LTR-retrotransposons and MITEs: control of
Plant LTR-retrotransposons and MITEs: control of

... plants, the Bs1 element (Johns et al., 1985). In a similar way, Tnt1, the first active retrotransposon described in plants, was also isolated after its insertion within the tobacco Nitrate reductase gene (Grandbastien et al., 1989). Since then, many examples of mutant phenotypes generated by retrotr ...
Expansion of specialized metabolism
Expansion of specialized metabolism

... lineage-specific gene clusters coordinately involved in certain specialized metabolisms were also found in several species (Chae et al. 2014; Fukushima et al. 2011; Nützmann and Osbourn 2014; Ono et al. 2010). In addition, a gene cluster in Solanaceae, which contains CYP, DOX, and UGT in that order, ...
physical maps
physical maps

... Programs for identifying matches between a particular sequence and a large population of previously sequenced fragments Programs for identifying overlaps of DNA fragments Programs for estimating error rates Programs for identifying genes in chromosomal sequences Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies ...
Applications of genomics in Plant Breeding
Applications of genomics in Plant Breeding

... bring to sequences (J & A, 2009). Many companies have developed software packages that can be easily used by researchers and other people with considerably less informatics knowledge to input, analyze like CLCBio, SoftGenetics, Roche, DNA STAR and many more. Due to vast data that is generated from N ...
The Bioethics of Gene Therapy
The Bioethics of Gene Therapy

... - “What can happen?” - “What are the odds?” - and “How do scientists and engineers know what will happen?” B. AAAS Benchmarks for Science Literacy Grades 9-12: • The Living Environment: Heredity - genes are segments of DNA molecules; inserting, deleting, or substituting DNA segments can alter genes; ...
The Effects of Genetic Engineering Some scientists involved in the
The Effects of Genetic Engineering Some scientists involved in the

... enzyme were inserted into inactive virus carrier carrier then introduced young girl system suffering from bubble virus began infect girl cells colony began grow given several other transfusions treatment proven successful immune system grown very strong although they might have positive effect organ ...
HBB cDNA, homo sapiens
HBB cDNA, homo sapiens

... Hemoglobin’s 576 amino acids determine its ability to bind and release oxygen and serve as oxygen transport vehicle in red blood cells. ...
Find.
Find.

... Hemoglobin’s 576 amino acids determine its ability to bind and release oxygen and serve as oxygen transport vehicle in red blood cells. ...
FEBS Letters
FEBS Letters

... Fig. 3. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of dxs genes. Sequences shown in the alignment are from E. coli (Ec_dxs.pep, P77488), M. piperita (Mp_dxs.pep, G3114573), Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Sn_sll1945, P73067) and from S. leopoliensis (Sl_dxs.pep, this work). The calculated (ClustalW ...
Gene Prediction - Compgenomics2010
Gene Prediction - Compgenomics2010

... is calculated as P(X|S)=P(x1,x2,…………,xL| b1,b2,…………,bL) ...
Guide to Seq. Annotation - UC Davis Plant Sciences
Guide to Seq. Annotation - UC Davis Plant Sciences

... themselves are flanked by short inverted repeats, at both the beginning and end of each long terminal repeat part of the repetitive element. Mark them with bold letters. ...
Recombinant Technology
Recombinant Technology

Requirements for translation re-initiation in Escherichia coli: roles of
Requirements for translation re-initiation in Escherichia coli: roles of

... Mutagenesis • Was used to create tRNA and mRNA mutants • PCR with olgionucleotide primers that contain the desired mutation were created. By creating a mutation during the first cycle in binding the template DNA strand, a mutation can be introduced. • After a number of cycles the mutated fragment wi ...
Gabriele Marras
Gabriele Marras

... pathway analyses, to identify linked genes and the biological processes in which they are involved. For the identification of significant associations we used three methods: i) standard single-SNP GWAS (using the R GenABEL package); ii) resampled LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and ...
What is so memorable about CREBBP?
What is so memorable about CREBBP?

... What makes up the coding sequence? ...
HL1 What causes Craniosynostosis
HL1 What causes Craniosynostosis

Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology

... Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells can, through mitosis, serve as factories to make many copies (> 106 in some cases) of a moderately complex segment of DNA—provided that that segment can be incorporated into a chromosome or a plasmid This is amplification ...
Modified `one amino acid-one codon` engineering of high GC
Modified `one amino acid-one codon` engineering of high GC

UV-Targeted Dinucleotides Are Not Depleted in Light
UV-Targeted Dinucleotides Are Not Depleted in Light

... been shown that UVb wavelengths are particularly dangerous for DNA and that the damage they most often cause is the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers by the photoexcitation of adjacent pyrimidines (Setlow 1966). If one of these dimers is formed on a DNA strand, this leads to a local DNA dis ...
DNA Methylation, Imprinting and X
DNA Methylation, Imprinting and X

Molecular studies on an ancient gene encoding
Molecular studies on an ancient gene encoding

... scheme that highly complex multicellular organisms evolved from simple unicellular ones over 600 million years ago. Nucleic acid sequence information has allowed molecular evolutionists to frame questions concerning the origin of cells and the structure of genes within the earliest forms. Molecular ...
Sex Chromosomal Transposable Element Accumulation
Sex Chromosomal Transposable Element Accumulation

... retrieved from GenBank by Smit (1996) (table 1). When all interspersed elements are pooled, both sex-chromosomal sequences are found to harbor significantly more such elements than the autosomes (P , 0.001). This is due to the occurrence of more Alu elements on both sex chromosomes and more RLEs on ...
Who was Gregor Mendel?
Who was Gregor Mendel?

Tracing the origin of our species through palaeogenomics
Tracing the origin of our species through palaeogenomics

... this case the one of present-day humans, since a de novo assemblage of an ancient genome based on these short molecules is not possible. The sequences may contain mistakes due to the damages that occur in DNA over time, therefore a higher coverage is required. Ideally each base should be sequenced a ...
TEL1, a Gene Involved in Controlling Telomere Length in S
TEL1, a Gene Involved in Controlling Telomere Length in S

... codon of TEL1 is near the end of the g e n e encoding ribosomal protein L17a (Leer et al., 1984). Northern blot analysis of RNA from strains SLK29-1B (TEL1) and SLK29-3C (tell-l) showed that the wild-type message was the same size as the tell-1 message, 8 - 1 0 kb (data not shown). We therefore perf ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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