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- Jeans for Genes
- Jeans for Genes

... conducts the ‘basic’ research that allows us to understand the fundamental causes of a range of disorders, such as cancer and epilepsy. • This crucial foundation is needed if we are to find ways to treat or prevent these diseases. • We are also dedicated to going beyond basic research, by translatin ...
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Detecting mutations could lead to earlier liver

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... D. RNA molecule 2. The antiviral drug ribavirin has not seen widespread use because of severe side effects. It acts like a guanosine and blocks cell functions that require GTP and guanine nucleotides. Which of the following will NOT be affected? A. Translation B. Binding of transcription factors C. ...
Mouse Genetics
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Molecular Evolution

... (sperm don’t have mitochondria) • Y chromosome comes only from the father and doesn’t recombine with other chromosomes • Mitochondrial Eve is the common ancestor (or group of ancestors) that originated mitochondrial dna • Mutations can occur that don’t impact the fitness, but are single nucleotide p ...
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Mutation



In biology, a mutation is a permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements. Mutations result from damage to DNA which is not repaired or to RNA genomes (typically caused by radiation or chemical mutagens), errors in the process of replication, or from the insertion or deletion of segments of DNA by mobile genetic elements. Mutations may or may not produce discernible changes in the observable characteristics (phenotype) of an organism. Mutations play a part in both normal and abnormal biological processes including: evolution, cancer, and the development of the immune system, including junctional diversity.Mutation can result in several different types of change in sequences. Mutations in genes can either have no effect, alter the product of a gene, or prevent the gene from functioning properly or completely. Mutations can also occur in nongenic regions. One study on genetic variations between different species of Drosophila suggests that, if a mutation changes a protein produced by a gene, the result is likely to be harmful, with an estimated 70 percent of amino acid polymorphisms that have damaging effects, and the remainder being either neutral or weakly beneficial. Due to the damaging effects that mutations can have on genes, organisms have mechanisms such as DNA repair to prevent or correct mutations by reverting the mutated sequence back to its original state.
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