Overcurrent and Ground Fault Protection
... When the power system is not radial (source on one side of the line), an overcurrent relay may not be able to provide adequate protection. This type of relay operates in on direction of current flow and blocks in the opposite direction. Three conditions must be satisfied for its operation: current m ...
... When the power system is not radial (source on one side of the line), an overcurrent relay may not be able to provide adequate protection. This type of relay operates in on direction of current flow and blocks in the opposite direction. Three conditions must be satisfied for its operation: current m ...
S240-93-1
... Cooper Power Systems products meet or exceed all applicable industry standards relating to product safety. We actively promote safe practices in the use and maintenance of our products through our service literature, instructional training programs, and the continuous efforts of all Cooper Power Sys ...
... Cooper Power Systems products meet or exceed all applicable industry standards relating to product safety. We actively promote safe practices in the use and maintenance of our products through our service literature, instructional training programs, and the continuous efforts of all Cooper Power Sys ...
Physical IC debug – backside approach and nanoscale challenge
... all those effects is given in (Glowacki, 2007). In a dynamically driven IC, LS will influence the timing. The results of dynamic LS can be read out either by pass/fail condition of the tester under stimulation (Shmoo variation) or direct evaluation of the signal pattern variation (Fig. 9). A systema ...
... all those effects is given in (Glowacki, 2007). In a dynamically driven IC, LS will influence the timing. The results of dynamic LS can be read out either by pass/fail condition of the tester under stimulation (Shmoo variation) or direct evaluation of the signal pattern variation (Fig. 9). A systema ...
Memristor-Based Multilayer Neural Networks With Online Gradient
... these update rules require a multiply and accumulate operation for each synaptic weight, which is challenging to implement compactly using CMOS. In this paper, a method for performing these update operations simultaneously (incremental outer products) using memristor-based arrays is proposed. The me ...
... these update rules require a multiply and accumulate operation for each synaptic weight, which is challenging to implement compactly using CMOS. In this paper, a method for performing these update operations simultaneously (incremental outer products) using memristor-based arrays is proposed. The me ...
Automotive EMC: Practices of Today and Perspectives for the Future
... • Important to understand that RF current on wiring can cause CE (which may then result in RE) issues. • If testing shows that CE needs to be reduced, it may be possible to add an inductance (sometimes called a “choke”) to the wiring to reduce the magnitude of this current. ...
... • Important to understand that RF current on wiring can cause CE (which may then result in RE) issues. • If testing shows that CE needs to be reduced, it may be possible to add an inductance (sometimes called a “choke”) to the wiring to reduce the magnitude of this current. ...
Reducing the Trusted Computing Base David Lie University of Toronto
... – Many tools (static and dynamic) scale exponentially with the size of code – Less effort/cost to harden smaller code base – Can be protected by implementing in safer language ...
... – Many tools (static and dynamic) scale exponentially with the size of code – Less effort/cost to harden smaller code base – Can be protected by implementing in safer language ...
Chapter 13
... equal in magnitude and 180° out of phase • In a parallel RLC circuit, the smaller reactance determines the net reactance of the circuit • In a parallel resonant circuit, the impedance is maximum at the resonant frequency • A parallel resonant circuit is commonly called a tank circuit ...
... equal in magnitude and 180° out of phase • In a parallel RLC circuit, the smaller reactance determines the net reactance of the circuit • In a parallel resonant circuit, the impedance is maximum at the resonant frequency • A parallel resonant circuit is commonly called a tank circuit ...
Project outline
... The state of a sequential circuit is a collection of state variables whose values at any one time contain all the information about the past necessary to account for the circuit’s future behavior. State variables need not have direct physical significance, and there are often many ways to choose the ...
... The state of a sequential circuit is a collection of state variables whose values at any one time contain all the information about the past necessary to account for the circuit’s future behavior. State variables need not have direct physical significance, and there are often many ways to choose the ...
CFE Generator Protection Guidelines for Setting 40 and 64G
... An ungrounded generator does not have a connection between its neutral and ground. However, it still has phase-toground capacitance because of the generator winding, transformer winding, bus, cable, and auxiliary transformer capacitances. For this type of system, ground faults are limited to very lo ...
... An ungrounded generator does not have a connection between its neutral and ground. However, it still has phase-toground capacitance because of the generator winding, transformer winding, bus, cable, and auxiliary transformer capacitances. For this type of system, ground faults are limited to very lo ...
KSI`s Cross Insulated Core Transformer Technology
... – Stack cards are identical to build large stacks • e.g. 40 stack cards for 500kV or 60 stack cards for 750kV • Only 1 type spare needed ...
... – Stack cards are identical to build large stacks • e.g. 40 stack cards for 500kV or 60 stack cards for 750kV • Only 1 type spare needed ...
generator protection
... Protection against unbalanced operation Quite often, a generator is connected to grid using a Y transformer. The - winding on the generator side, traps the zero sequence current from flowing through the phase winding. However, positive and negative sequence currents will find their way into sta ...
... Protection against unbalanced operation Quite often, a generator is connected to grid using a Y transformer. The - winding on the generator side, traps the zero sequence current from flowing through the phase winding. However, positive and negative sequence currents will find their way into sta ...
NPCC Glossary - Northeast Power Coordinating Council
... NERC (C-1) Interconnection — When capitalized, any one of the five major electric system networks in North America: Eastern, Western, ERCOT, Québec, and Alaska. When not capitalized, the facilities that connect two systems or Control Areas. Additionally, an interconnection refers to the facilities t ...
... NERC (C-1) Interconnection — When capitalized, any one of the five major electric system networks in North America: Eastern, Western, ERCOT, Québec, and Alaska. When not capitalized, the facilities that connect two systems or Control Areas. Additionally, an interconnection refers to the facilities t ...
Process Variation Mitigation in Pipelines
... pipeline slot is now to be considered a bubble. In the subsequent cycle, inject the shadow latch value into the next stage, allowing the errant operation to continue with the correct values Trigger a flush train, traveling backwards from the ...
... pipeline slot is now to be considered a bubble. In the subsequent cycle, inject the shadow latch value into the next stage, allowing the errant operation to continue with the correct values Trigger a flush train, traveling backwards from the ...
electrical insulation systems and materials
... generators, and solenoids. In general, quality electrical insulation materials that work properly together as a “system” are at the center of magnetic devices. An EIS is comprised of a combination of closely packed ...
... generators, and solenoids. In general, quality electrical insulation materials that work properly together as a “system” are at the center of magnetic devices. An EIS is comprised of a combination of closely packed ...
MCS2000 Series Systems
... “talk” to a PLC via the RS232 cable. The power supply AC input autoranges from 95 to 264 VAC to avoid any match-up problems. The unit can be used in both open-loop and closedloop systems. It can also be configured in an “open plus super-imposed/ closed-loop design for very precise tension control ap ...
... “talk” to a PLC via the RS232 cable. The power supply AC input autoranges from 95 to 264 VAC to avoid any match-up problems. The unit can be used in both open-loop and closedloop systems. It can also be configured in an “open plus super-imposed/ closed-loop design for very precise tension control ap ...
KB019
... Understanding the calculated values may be easier if they are visualized as having been read off of a new curve that was created. Therefore the margins for the 5% data can be considered to have been obtained from a "5% curve". From Table 2 it may be observed that as the probability of rupture goes d ...
... Understanding the calculated values may be easier if they are visualized as having been read off of a new curve that was created. Therefore the margins for the 5% data can be considered to have been obtained from a "5% curve". From Table 2 it may be observed that as the probability of rupture goes d ...
H Ho ow w tto
... a master slave system, the client-server concept allows the implementation of multiple clients in the same system. (Figure 1; e.g. both the gateway and the HMI are clients). Clientserver communication relies on the full seven layer stack using a confirmed transmission layer and is, as consequence, v ...
... a master slave system, the client-server concept allows the implementation of multiple clients in the same system. (Figure 1; e.g. both the gateway and the HMI are clients). Clientserver communication relies on the full seven layer stack using a confirmed transmission layer and is, as consequence, v ...
MEDIUM-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR
... closed, ready to close indicators which shall be visible to the operator with compartment door closed. It shall be able to rack the breaker with the compartment door closed. C. Interlocks shall be provided to prevent the breaker racking when the breaker is closed. D. Breaker Type: The switchgear sha ...
... closed, ready to close indicators which shall be visible to the operator with compartment door closed. It shall be able to rack the breaker with the compartment door closed. C. Interlocks shall be provided to prevent the breaker racking when the breaker is closed. D. Breaker Type: The switchgear sha ...
Fault tolerance
Fault tolerance is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of (or one or more faults within) some of its components. If its operating quality decreases at all, the decrease is proportional to the severity of the failure, as compared to a naively designed system in which even a small failure can cause total breakdown. Fault tolerance is particularly sought after in high-availability or life-critical systems.A fault-tolerant design enables a system to continue its intended operation, possibly at a reduced level, rather than failing completely, when some part of the system fails. The term is most commonly used to describe computer systems designed to continue more or less fully operational with, perhaps, a reduction in throughput or an increase in response time in the event of some partial failure. That is, the system as a whole is not stopped due to problems either in the hardware or the software. An example in another field is a motor vehicle designed so it will continue to be drivable if one of the tires is punctured. A structure is able to retain its integrity in the presence of damage due to causes such as fatigue, corrosion, manufacturing flaws, or impact.Within the scope of an individual system, fault tolerance can be achieved by anticipating exceptional conditions and building the system to cope with them, and, in general, aiming for self-stabilization so that the system converges towards an error-free state. However, if the consequences of a system failure are catastrophic, or the cost of making it sufficiently reliable is very high, a better solution may be to use some form of duplication. In any case, if the consequence of a system failure is so catastrophic, the system must be able to use reversion to fall back to a safe mode. This is similar to roll-back recovery but can be a human action if humans are present in the loop.