
GRAFIK Systems CCP Custom Combination Panels SPEC
... acceptable switching methods. • When controlling receptacles, the XP Switching Module may NOT be suitable for use with devices that require any of the following: – Shut-down process before power is interrupted (e.g., computers) – Cool-down process before power is interrupted (e.g., projectors) – Pro ...
... acceptable switching methods. • When controlling receptacles, the XP Switching Module may NOT be suitable for use with devices that require any of the following: – Shut-down process before power is interrupted (e.g., computers) – Cool-down process before power is interrupted (e.g., projectors) – Pro ...
Analog And Digital Interfacing
... How many sample it can takes in one second For MSP430F1611, it is about 200 ksps ...
... How many sample it can takes in one second For MSP430F1611, it is about 200 ksps ...
Power Plant “Horror Stories” - Beckwith Electric Co., Inc.
... Generators are the most expensive piece of equipment in a power system. The cost of a major generator failure to a utility or IPP (Independent Power Producer) owner is not only the cost of repair or replacement of the damaged machine, but also the substantial cost of purchasing replacement power whe ...
... Generators are the most expensive piece of equipment in a power system. The cost of a major generator failure to a utility or IPP (Independent Power Producer) owner is not only the cost of repair or replacement of the damaged machine, but also the substantial cost of purchasing replacement power whe ...
AN-1123: Controller Area Network (CAN
... Logic 1 is transmitted as a voltage level high on one noninverting transmission line and low on the inverting line. Correspondingly, Logic 0 is transmitted as low on the noninverting line and high on the inverting line. The receiver uses the difference in voltage between the two lines to determine t ...
... Logic 1 is transmitted as a voltage level high on one noninverting transmission line and low on the inverting line. Correspondingly, Logic 0 is transmitted as low on the noninverting line and high on the inverting line. The receiver uses the difference in voltage between the two lines to determine t ...
DIY - PC - Interface for Suunto Spyder/Stinger ACW
... this pin does not make a proper contact to the water-sensor of your ACW. Carefully clean the three PC-interface pins and the water-sensor of your ACW with a soft eraser or dry cloth. 4. Insert the ACW into the cradle and carefully twist your ACW just a little bit to ensure a proper contact of the mi ...
... this pin does not make a proper contact to the water-sensor of your ACW. Carefully clean the three PC-interface pins and the water-sensor of your ACW with a soft eraser or dry cloth. 4. Insert the ACW into the cradle and carefully twist your ACW just a little bit to ensure a proper contact of the mi ...
Film Capacitors - Power Factor Correction - MKP440-D-15
... The following applies to all products named in this publication: 1. Some parts of this publication contain statements about the suitability of our products for certain areas of application. These statements are based on our knowledge of typical requirements that are often placed on our products in t ...
... The following applies to all products named in this publication: 1. Some parts of this publication contain statements about the suitability of our products for certain areas of application. These statements are based on our knowledge of typical requirements that are often placed on our products in t ...
SEM-ZERO - Zapi Inc
... battery. As well as altering the charge current read by the battery charger, the module can be damaged by higher than normal voltages supplied via the charger. - The SEM-Zero module should only be supplied by a traction battery. Do not use the outputs of converters or power supplies. For special app ...
... battery. As well as altering the charge current read by the battery charger, the module can be damaged by higher than normal voltages supplied via the charger. - The SEM-Zero module should only be supplied by a traction battery. Do not use the outputs of converters or power supplies. For special app ...
5 kV, 10 kV and 15 kV lead sets Insulation resistance testers
... These clips are designed for testing low voltage circuits with test voltages up to 1 kV. The insulation is designed only to protect the user from the output of Megger 5 kV, 10 kV and 15 kV insulation resistance testers up to a maximum instrument test voltage of 1 kV. The clips cannot in any circumst ...
... These clips are designed for testing low voltage circuits with test voltages up to 1 kV. The insulation is designed only to protect the user from the output of Megger 5 kV, 10 kV and 15 kV insulation resistance testers up to a maximum instrument test voltage of 1 kV. The clips cannot in any circumst ...
LMS-3 ARRM System Installation Guide
... filters installed). Much shorter generally has little advantage, but they can be as close as you like – to get more than 3 outputs two (or more) outposts are used with a section of Zero length between one of the outputs on the first and the input to the second. When establishing the number of outpos ...
... filters installed). Much shorter generally has little advantage, but they can be as close as you like – to get more than 3 outputs two (or more) outposts are used with a section of Zero length between one of the outputs on the first and the input to the second. When establishing the number of outpos ...
ELEC34 - aes journals
... The unbalanced supply condition [15] is the most commonly occurring electrical anomaly in the Induction motors. The unbalanced supply condition might be due to the poor power quality resulting from unequal phase voltage and/or currents, poor or damaged terminal contacts to motor, unbalanced load dis ...
... The unbalanced supply condition [15] is the most commonly occurring electrical anomaly in the Induction motors. The unbalanced supply condition might be due to the poor power quality resulting from unequal phase voltage and/or currents, poor or damaged terminal contacts to motor, unbalanced load dis ...
TPA3112D1 Evaluation Module
... It is important to operate this EVM within the input voltage range of -0.3 V to 6.3 V and the output voltage range of -0.3 V to 30 V . Exceeding the specified input range may cause unexpected operation and/or irreversible damage to the EVM. If there are questions concerning the input range, please c ...
... It is important to operate this EVM within the input voltage range of -0.3 V to 6.3 V and the output voltage range of -0.3 V to 30 V . Exceeding the specified input range may cause unexpected operation and/or irreversible damage to the EVM. If there are questions concerning the input range, please c ...
AP2552/ AP2553/ AP2552A/ AP2553A Description Pin Assignments
... resistance of the current path. When an overcurrent condition is detected, AP2552/53 maintains a constant output current and reduces the output voltage accordingly. Complete shutdown occurs only if the fault stays long enough to activate thermal limiting. For AP2552A/53A, when an overcurrent conditi ...
... resistance of the current path. When an overcurrent condition is detected, AP2552/53 maintains a constant output current and reduces the output voltage accordingly. Complete shutdown occurs only if the fault stays long enough to activate thermal limiting. For AP2552A/53A, when an overcurrent conditi ...
Equipment Life Extension and Modernization of Generator
... cooled by natural convection of the ambient air. Fan cooling has long been an accepted practice with power transformers, and has become a popular solution in certain distribution switchgear applications where the circuit is expected to carry higher than normal current for short periods of time when ...
... cooled by natural convection of the ambient air. Fan cooling has long been an accepted practice with power transformers, and has become a popular solution in certain distribution switchgear applications where the circuit is expected to carry higher than normal current for short periods of time when ...
Basics of Switchboards
... The power from the utility company is metered and enters the plant through a distribution switchboard. The switchboard incorporates a main circuit breaker and circuit breakers for each of the three feeders. The feeder on the left powers a distribution switchboard, which, in turn, feeds a panelboard ...
... The power from the utility company is metered and enters the plant through a distribution switchboard. The switchboard incorporates a main circuit breaker and circuit breakers for each of the three feeders. The feeder on the left powers a distribution switchboard, which, in turn, feeds a panelboard ...
Stakeholder Comment and AESO Reply Matrix 2011-09-28 AESO AUTHORITATIVE DOCUMENT PROCESS
... [Violation Risk Factor: High] [Mitigation Time Horizon: Long Term Planning]. ...
... [Violation Risk Factor: High] [Mitigation Time Horizon: Long Term Planning]. ...
Khoobroo_uta_2502D_10723
... computational time while maintaining an acceptable accuracy. The FRM provides a precise distribution of the magnetic field components for PMSM. A new flux estimation technique is developed to monitor magnetic flux passing through each stator tooth. Also, the flux linking each stator phase can be det ...
... computational time while maintaining an acceptable accuracy. The FRM provides a precise distribution of the magnetic field components for PMSM. A new flux estimation technique is developed to monitor magnetic flux passing through each stator tooth. Also, the flux linking each stator phase can be det ...
Aalborg Universitet Iov, Florin; Valentini, Massimo; Akhmatov, V.; Thisted, Jens
... simulation tools. For network planning purposes, shortcircuit studies only consider steady-state SC currents, mostly use calculation methods that require less detailed network modelling and might apply worst-case estimations. These calculation methods apply the IEC/VDE and the ANSI standardized meth ...
... simulation tools. For network planning purposes, shortcircuit studies only consider steady-state SC currents, mostly use calculation methods that require less detailed network modelling and might apply worst-case estimations. These calculation methods apply the IEC/VDE and the ANSI standardized meth ...
Bus Protection - GE Grid Solutions
... overcurrent relays are not applicable unless sufficient resistance can be added to the differential branch. The amount of such additional resistance should not be enough to cause too high voltages when very high currents flow to a bus fault. Nor should the resistance be so high that the CT’s could ...
... overcurrent relays are not applicable unless sufficient resistance can be added to the differential branch. The amount of such additional resistance should not be enough to cause too high voltages when very high currents flow to a bus fault. Nor should the resistance be so high that the CT’s could ...
Circuit Breakers Supplementary Protectors
... current waveform for complete circuit interruption. Under these conditions, the let-through energy can be quite high and components affected by the fault, which might include a critical load, will be subject to a high level of electrical energy. As a branch circuit protection device, UL 489 circuit ...
... current waveform for complete circuit interruption. Under these conditions, the let-through energy can be quite high and components affected by the fault, which might include a critical load, will be subject to a high level of electrical energy. As a branch circuit protection device, UL 489 circuit ...
Fault tolerance

Fault tolerance is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of (or one or more faults within) some of its components. If its operating quality decreases at all, the decrease is proportional to the severity of the failure, as compared to a naively designed system in which even a small failure can cause total breakdown. Fault tolerance is particularly sought after in high-availability or life-critical systems.A fault-tolerant design enables a system to continue its intended operation, possibly at a reduced level, rather than failing completely, when some part of the system fails. The term is most commonly used to describe computer systems designed to continue more or less fully operational with, perhaps, a reduction in throughput or an increase in response time in the event of some partial failure. That is, the system as a whole is not stopped due to problems either in the hardware or the software. An example in another field is a motor vehicle designed so it will continue to be drivable if one of the tires is punctured. A structure is able to retain its integrity in the presence of damage due to causes such as fatigue, corrosion, manufacturing flaws, or impact.Within the scope of an individual system, fault tolerance can be achieved by anticipating exceptional conditions and building the system to cope with them, and, in general, aiming for self-stabilization so that the system converges towards an error-free state. However, if the consequences of a system failure are catastrophic, or the cost of making it sufficiently reliable is very high, a better solution may be to use some form of duplication. In any case, if the consequence of a system failure is so catastrophic, the system must be able to use reversion to fall back to a safe mode. This is similar to roll-back recovery but can be a human action if humans are present in the loop.