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Development Trends of Superconducting Cable Technology for
Development Trends of Superconducting Cable Technology for

... three conduit lines are normally required to transmit the power for one 66 kV, 1 kA circuit. With these lines, if the demand for electric power expands to the extent that a threefold increase in transmission capacity is required, six new conduit lines must be installed to lay the new cable. Using a ...
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... of their routing throughout the plant. Portions of such a cable circuit may pass through areas experiencing adverse localized environmental conditions, such as high temperature, high radiation, high humidity or moisture, wetting (i.e., an operating environment in which a cable is exposed to moisture ...
Transformer Secondary Tap Conductors
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... rating of the device they supply or the rating of the fuses or circuit breakers at their termination, and • Secondary conductors do not extend beyond the enclosure of the equipment they supply, and • Secondary conductors are enclosed in a raceway. Figure 1 illustrates an example that meets the requi ...
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... possible to depend on only one microprocessor-based relay for all the protection and control functions desired for a specific zone, failure of a single component within the microprocessorbased relay, such as a power supply, would result in a loss of all functions provided by the relay. In addition t ...
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... this pin does not make a proper contact to the water-sensor of your ACW. Carefully clean the three PC-interface pins and the water-sensor of your ACW with a soft eraser or dry cloth. 4. Insert the ACW into the cradle and carefully twist your ACW just a little bit to ensure a proper contact of the mi ...
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... Logic 1 is transmitted as a voltage level high on one noninverting transmission line and low on the inverting line. Correspondingly, Logic 0 is transmitted as low on the noninverting line and high on the inverting line. The receiver uses the difference in voltage between the two lines to determine t ...
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Fault tolerance



Fault tolerance is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of (or one or more faults within) some of its components. If its operating quality decreases at all, the decrease is proportional to the severity of the failure, as compared to a naively designed system in which even a small failure can cause total breakdown. Fault tolerance is particularly sought after in high-availability or life-critical systems.A fault-tolerant design enables a system to continue its intended operation, possibly at a reduced level, rather than failing completely, when some part of the system fails. The term is most commonly used to describe computer systems designed to continue more or less fully operational with, perhaps, a reduction in throughput or an increase in response time in the event of some partial failure. That is, the system as a whole is not stopped due to problems either in the hardware or the software. An example in another field is a motor vehicle designed so it will continue to be drivable if one of the tires is punctured. A structure is able to retain its integrity in the presence of damage due to causes such as fatigue, corrosion, manufacturing flaws, or impact.Within the scope of an individual system, fault tolerance can be achieved by anticipating exceptional conditions and building the system to cope with them, and, in general, aiming for self-stabilization so that the system converges towards an error-free state. However, if the consequences of a system failure are catastrophic, or the cost of making it sufficiently reliable is very high, a better solution may be to use some form of duplication. In any case, if the consequence of a system failure is so catastrophic, the system must be able to use reversion to fall back to a safe mode. This is similar to roll-back recovery but can be a human action if humans are present in the loop.
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