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Built in test-mode in tachometer of Fords with LCD Instrument panels
Built in test-mode in tachometer of Fords with LCD Instrument panels

... new instrument cluster. EE Displays the hexadecimal value for EE level (used when requesting assistance from hotline). If alternating flashes of FAIL and EE level are displayed replace instrument cluster. dt Displays hexadecimal coding of final manufacturing test date (used when requesting assistanc ...
Instruction Sheet
Instruction Sheet

... mounted outer trim so the supply leads can be fed out behind the fitting. 4. Push the downlight into the outer trim, taking care to not trap the supply leads. 5. Connect the downlight supply lead to the low voltage driver. This downlight must not be connected directly to the ...
Datasheets - Romvision
Datasheets - Romvision

Lecture10 MOS Transistor Circuit Analysis
Lecture10 MOS Transistor Circuit Analysis

câteva elemente de design ingineresc
câteva elemente de design ingineresc

... one of the most commonly used motors for driving machines and mechanisms. Their simple construction, reliability in operation, low cost and high efficiency are reasons to assume that this type of motors will remain one of the most used sources of mechanical energy during the entire twenty-first cent ...
Pulse Width Modulator
Pulse Width Modulator

... D1 is a flywheel diode that shorts out the reverse Operating voltage 12 or 24 V, depending on the configuration voltage kick from inductive receives a variable voltage from the R6, VR1, R7 motor loads. In the 24 volt mode, regulator U2 converts voltage ladder. This is compared to the triangle the 24 ...
SPS2 Circuit Breaker (15kV-245kV)
SPS2 Circuit Breaker (15kV-245kV)

High Voltage High-Resistance Pulsing Ground Systems
High Voltage High-Resistance Pulsing Ground Systems

... Effective: November 1999 ...
Speed of Line Protection – Can We Break Free of Phasor
Speed of Line Protection – Can We Break Free of Phasor

... transmission line protection. Faults must be cleared faster than the critical fault clearing time or else the system may lose transient stability and possibly black out. Faster fault clearing increases the amount of power that can be transferred. Primary protective relaying systems typically operate ...
LAB - ECE233
LAB - ECE233

FTZ30E
FTZ30E

... are intended only as illustrations of such devices and not as the specifications for such devices. ROHM CO.,LTD. disclaims any warranty that any use of such devices shall be free from infringement of any third party's intellectual property rights or other proprietary rights, and further, assumes no ...
Comments on 802.3-2012 - IEEE Standard for Ethernet
Comments on 802.3-2012 - IEEE Standard for Ethernet

... Email: [email protected] ...
High Voltage Batteries
High Voltage Batteries

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EMC Rules for Installation

... mostly electromechanical components were usually not affected by electromagnetic noise that was produced by switching components (contacts). In the meantime, high complex PLC and communication systems (field buses) have become more familiar due to their chances of overall cost reduction. To ensure p ...
Reliably Detect Faults In Circuit Breakers with
Reliably Detect Faults In Circuit Breakers with

... between the AC mains and the rest of the circuitry with the ability the open the circuit in the case of a short circuit or power surge. While this is a very robust method towards managing the flow of electricity, there is no inherent indication when the electrical connection is solid or barely makin ...


... tween time ta and the preceding ta . In addition to this two demonstrating cases, some faults may exhibit tremendous changes in sinusoidal characteristics such as a noise-like shape, a DC offset, stuck-at-ground, and stuck-at-VDD . These faults can potentially be detected throughout the signal perio ...
Reliable power supply with all-round protection from SITOP.
Reliable power supply with all-round protection from SITOP.

Fire Protection System - Shreelight Power Pvt. Ltd.
Fire Protection System - Shreelight Power Pvt. Ltd.

... Lightning can cause considerable damage and must be taken into consideration. Although lightning rods protect buildings against direct surges, their presence makes the installation of surge protectors obligatory to protect sensitive equipment against overvoltages caused by discharge currents. The su ...
MORFEUS: RAPID PROTOTYPING ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT
MORFEUS: RAPID PROTOTYPING ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT

... rCube2 is a rapid prototyping ECU based on AUTOSAR that enables fast and efficient development of control systems from initial concept to production. The system has been successfully used on a number of projects including Diesel/gasoline/CNG engines, transmission, hybrid powertrain control, as well ...
CN0011
CN0011

DC Circuits Simulation
DC Circuits Simulation

2750P Power Supply
2750P Power Supply

... technical specifications, while remaining cost effective. The highly stable 24 volt dc supplies come in four current ratings 1.3A, 2.1A, 5A and 10A. A novel retaining system allows easy DIN rail attachment, just insert and click into place, with no tools required for assembly or removal. The 2750P r ...
telsec® 500 telsec® 500
telsec® 500 telsec® 500

... • Built-in Tachometer for alarming which allows use of low cost 2 wire fans. • Green/Red LEDs for each fan indicate status. • Fan alarm reset: clears alarm conditions manually (on-site). • User programmable high and low temp setpoints and high temp alarm for both normal and power fail operation. • U ...
MAXIM INTEGRATED PRODUCTS
MAXIM INTEGRATED PRODUCTS

... Multi-phase operation is achieved using a Quick-PWM slave controller (MAX1980). Multiphase operation reduces input ripple current requirements and output voltage ripple while easing component selection and layout difficulties. The MAX1907A includes active voltage positioning with adjustable gain and ...
Logic Circuits
Logic Circuits

... municipal water systems. Here you will solve the problem for a “three toilet” system. Devise a logic circuit whose “1” inputs represent “flushes” and whose “1” outputs represent opened water-feed valves. If no more than one toilet is flushed, that toilet’s water valve opens, and the others remain cl ...
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Fault tolerance



Fault tolerance is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of (or one or more faults within) some of its components. If its operating quality decreases at all, the decrease is proportional to the severity of the failure, as compared to a naively designed system in which even a small failure can cause total breakdown. Fault tolerance is particularly sought after in high-availability or life-critical systems.A fault-tolerant design enables a system to continue its intended operation, possibly at a reduced level, rather than failing completely, when some part of the system fails. The term is most commonly used to describe computer systems designed to continue more or less fully operational with, perhaps, a reduction in throughput or an increase in response time in the event of some partial failure. That is, the system as a whole is not stopped due to problems either in the hardware or the software. An example in another field is a motor vehicle designed so it will continue to be drivable if one of the tires is punctured. A structure is able to retain its integrity in the presence of damage due to causes such as fatigue, corrosion, manufacturing flaws, or impact.Within the scope of an individual system, fault tolerance can be achieved by anticipating exceptional conditions and building the system to cope with them, and, in general, aiming for self-stabilization so that the system converges towards an error-free state. However, if the consequences of a system failure are catastrophic, or the cost of making it sufficiently reliable is very high, a better solution may be to use some form of duplication. In any case, if the consequence of a system failure is so catastrophic, the system must be able to use reversion to fall back to a safe mode. This is similar to roll-back recovery but can be a human action if humans are present in the loop.
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