Vertebrate genomics : More fishy tales about Hox genes
... similar to the hypothetical one suggested in Figure 1 for an ‘ancient ray-finned fish’. It should be noted that the phylogenetic position of bichirs is still uncertain; even a phylogenetic analysis based on an entire mitochondrial genome could not unequivocally place the bichirs with either the ray- ...
... similar to the hypothetical one suggested in Figure 1 for an ‘ancient ray-finned fish’. It should be noted that the phylogenetic position of bichirs is still uncertain; even a phylogenetic analysis based on an entire mitochondrial genome could not unequivocally place the bichirs with either the ray- ...
Survey of Conserved Alternative Splicing Events
... proteins regulate AS in a tissue-specific and stress-responsive manner. Pre-mRNAs encoding SR proteins are often alternatively spliced, and these AS events may be important for the regulation of AS events of other pre-mRNAs. In this study, we analyzed AS events of SR proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana ...
... proteins regulate AS in a tissue-specific and stress-responsive manner. Pre-mRNAs encoding SR proteins are often alternatively spliced, and these AS events may be important for the regulation of AS events of other pre-mRNAs. In this study, we analyzed AS events of SR proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana ...
S4O3 Pretest 2015-2016
... father’s brother has cystic fibrosis. Please describe the risks and benefits of performing amniocentesis and give them information that will help them make a decision as to whether or not they will do fetal testing. 65. Consider the function of homeobox genes, described on page 344. They were first ...
... father’s brother has cystic fibrosis. Please describe the risks and benefits of performing amniocentesis and give them information that will help them make a decision as to whether or not they will do fetal testing. 65. Consider the function of homeobox genes, described on page 344. They were first ...
Lecture 8: Gene Finding by Computational Analysis Outline 1
... TTT) bias in coding vs non-coding regions • Relative freq of a dicodon in coding vs non-coding – Freq of dicodon X (e.g, AAA AAA) in coding region = total number of occurrences of X divided by total number of dicodon occurrences – Freq of dicodon X (e.g, AAA AAA) in noncoding region = total number o ...
... TTT) bias in coding vs non-coding regions • Relative freq of a dicodon in coding vs non-coding – Freq of dicodon X (e.g, AAA AAA) in coding region = total number of occurrences of X divided by total number of dicodon occurrences – Freq of dicodon X (e.g, AAA AAA) in noncoding region = total number o ...
crosses. - Aurora City Schools
... Sex Chromosomes More than 1200 genes are found on the X chromosome, some of which are shown. The human Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome and contains only about 140 genes, most of which are associated with male sex determination and sperm ...
... Sex Chromosomes More than 1200 genes are found on the X chromosome, some of which are shown. The human Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome and contains only about 140 genes, most of which are associated with male sex determination and sperm ...
Ancestry of neuronal monoamine transporters in the Metazoa
... assessed on 3–5 plates of cells. The uptake data were corrected for Na+-independent uptake by exposing the cells to an identical treatment except for the substitution of choline+ for Na+ in the saline. Sf9 cells also have an endogenous low-affinity Na+dependent uptake mechanism for amines that contr ...
... assessed on 3–5 plates of cells. The uptake data were corrected for Na+-independent uptake by exposing the cells to an identical treatment except for the substitution of choline+ for Na+ in the saline. Sf9 cells also have an endogenous low-affinity Na+dependent uptake mechanism for amines that contr ...
Mutation Analysis of the Ornithine Transcarbamylase (OTC) Gene in
... two known and three novel mutations of the OTC gene in five Japanese patients including two neonatal-onset, one late-onset, and two symptomatic female patients. Known nonsense mutations (c.578G>A and c.421C>T) were detected in a neonatal-onset male and a symptomatic female patient, respectively. Mut ...
... two known and three novel mutations of the OTC gene in five Japanese patients including two neonatal-onset, one late-onset, and two symptomatic female patients. Known nonsense mutations (c.578G>A and c.421C>T) were detected in a neonatal-onset male and a symptomatic female patient, respectively. Mut ...
Lecture 7: Gene Finding by Computational Analysis Gene
... human genome • For gene that encodes protein – In Prokaryotic genome, one gene corresponds to one protein – In Eukaryotic genome, one gene can corresponds to more than one protein because of the process “alternative splicing” ...
... human genome • For gene that encodes protein – In Prokaryotic genome, one gene corresponds to one protein – In Eukaryotic genome, one gene can corresponds to more than one protein because of the process “alternative splicing” ...
Lecture Notes
... Chromosomes may be classified by the position of the centromere. (a) Metacentric - centromere is in the middle. (b) Submetacentric - centromere is somewhat distant from the middle. (c) Acrocentric - centromere is almost at the end. Chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22 are acrocentric. 3) The short arm ...
... Chromosomes may be classified by the position of the centromere. (a) Metacentric - centromere is in the middle. (b) Submetacentric - centromere is somewhat distant from the middle. (c) Acrocentric - centromere is almost at the end. Chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22 are acrocentric. 3) The short arm ...
Query Results
... Step 4: The user can choose to map the experimental tags against a subset of genomic tags upon a large amount of different features. For details see the help links or: Malig, R., Varela, C., Agosin, E. and Melo, F. (2006) Accurate and unambiguous tag-to-gene mapping in SAGE by a hierarchical gene a ...
... Step 4: The user can choose to map the experimental tags against a subset of genomic tags upon a large amount of different features. For details see the help links or: Malig, R., Varela, C., Agosin, E. and Melo, F. (2006) Accurate and unambiguous tag-to-gene mapping in SAGE by a hierarchical gene a ...
Towards identifying the full set of genes involved in post
... been selected. However, it is possible that the criteria used were too strict and that some clones, especially those that show transient changes in gene expression, may have been missed. It is important to point out that these are preliminary data and that it is important to complete a further two s ...
... been selected. However, it is possible that the criteria used were too strict and that some clones, especially those that show transient changes in gene expression, may have been missed. It is important to point out that these are preliminary data and that it is important to complete a further two s ...
Evolution of synonymous codon usage in metazoans Laurent Duret
... analysis are illustrated by recent work on the evolution of synonymous codon usage in metazoans. Imagine the following experiment: take the genome of a nematode and replace one codon by a synonymous codon in just 1 of its 19,000 genes. Can this mutation have any impact on the phenotype of this organ ...
... analysis are illustrated by recent work on the evolution of synonymous codon usage in metazoans. Imagine the following experiment: take the genome of a nematode and replace one codon by a synonymous codon in just 1 of its 19,000 genes. Can this mutation have any impact on the phenotype of this organ ...
Selection of Suitable Endogenous Reference Genes for Relative
... trace the amplification of a target DNA sequence by monitoring fluorescence emitted from specific double-stranded DNA binding dyes or the fluorophore-labeled during the process of reaction [3,12,19]. In addition, it is valuable for the detection of rearrangements between two transgenic plant lines. ...
... trace the amplification of a target DNA sequence by monitoring fluorescence emitted from specific double-stranded DNA binding dyes or the fluorophore-labeled during the process of reaction [3,12,19]. In addition, it is valuable for the detection of rearrangements between two transgenic plant lines. ...
Mergers and acquisitions: malaria and the great chloroplast heist
... of someone elses photosynthetic unit seems easier than developing one from a bacterial symbiont, and this is where we return to malaria and dinoflagellates. Although dinoflagellates and Apicomplexa are close relatives [4], their plastids are of secondary origin [3], which leaves open the possibilit ...
... of someone elses photosynthetic unit seems easier than developing one from a bacterial symbiont, and this is where we return to malaria and dinoflagellates. Although dinoflagellates and Apicomplexa are close relatives [4], their plastids are of secondary origin [3], which leaves open the possibilit ...
Shared mutations: Common descent or common mechanism?
... consequence is that the shared mutations in the 1G5 genes are due to a biological or physical mechanism. In other words, the mutations in the 1G5 gene are non-random mutations that would produce an alignment of mutations in separated species that do not reproduce together. The alignment is not due t ...
... consequence is that the shared mutations in the 1G5 genes are due to a biological or physical mechanism. In other words, the mutations in the 1G5 gene are non-random mutations that would produce an alignment of mutations in separated species that do not reproduce together. The alignment is not due t ...
The CHARGE Targeted Sequencing Study
... The MADD locus harbors 2 common variants (r2=0.07 in HapMap 2 CEU) associated with diabetes mellitus–related quantitative traits, rs794584 (associated with FG; Dupuis et al2), and rs10838687 (fasting proinsulin levels; Strawbridge et al3). A second reported signal at MADD, rs10501320, was in high li ...
... The MADD locus harbors 2 common variants (r2=0.07 in HapMap 2 CEU) associated with diabetes mellitus–related quantitative traits, rs794584 (associated with FG; Dupuis et al2), and rs10838687 (fasting proinsulin levels; Strawbridge et al3). A second reported signal at MADD, rs10501320, was in high li ...
Teacher Guide - Science Take-Out
... production of cartilage cells (chondrocytes), resulting in bone growth. IGF also stimulates the production of myoblasts, the cells that form muscles. ...
... production of cartilage cells (chondrocytes), resulting in bone growth. IGF also stimulates the production of myoblasts, the cells that form muscles. ...
Methods for pattern discovery in unaligned biological sequences
... ranked according to their statistical signi®cance. Variants of this method have been implemented in the ASSET, Teiresias and SPLASH software packages. A similar approach (patterns containing wild-cards) has been applied in Brazma et al.22 to the analysis of upstream regions of the putative yeast gen ...
... ranked according to their statistical signi®cance. Variants of this method have been implemented in the ASSET, Teiresias and SPLASH software packages. A similar approach (patterns containing wild-cards) has been applied in Brazma et al.22 to the analysis of upstream regions of the putative yeast gen ...
pdf
... were cloned and sequenced, verifying that they are sections of the nirK gene by comparison to published sequences. Nitrifier Cunir3-4 amplification and sequencing. Cunir3-4 amplification of genomic DNA from N. marina, N. europaea, N. eutropha, N. oceani, and N. briensis reproducibly yielded multiple ...
... were cloned and sequenced, verifying that they are sections of the nirK gene by comparison to published sequences. Nitrifier Cunir3-4 amplification and sequencing. Cunir3-4 amplification of genomic DNA from N. marina, N. europaea, N. eutropha, N. oceani, and N. briensis reproducibly yielded multiple ...
On the maintenance of allozyme and inversion polymorphisms in
... If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons ...
... If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons ...
Published
... Richmond (USA). For six of the most positive regions found in the first genome scan, located on chromosomes 2, 4, 10, 16, 17 and 18, replication was found. Thus, in the different studies, peaks have been found on most chromosomes. These results may reflect differences in populations but may also ref ...
... Richmond (USA). For six of the most positive regions found in the first genome scan, located on chromosomes 2, 4, 10, 16, 17 and 18, replication was found. Thus, in the different studies, peaks have been found on most chromosomes. These results may reflect differences in populations but may also ref ...
Messenger RNA reprogramming by spliceosome-mediated
... nuclear uridine-rich small nuclear RNAs and more than sixty proteins, and are very likely ribozymes at their catalytic core. Given the abundance of spliceosomal components it can be assumed that there are between 100,000 and 200,000 spliceosomes per mammalian cell nucleus (ref. 16 and references the ...
... nuclear uridine-rich small nuclear RNAs and more than sixty proteins, and are very likely ribozymes at their catalytic core. Given the abundance of spliceosomal components it can be assumed that there are between 100,000 and 200,000 spliceosomes per mammalian cell nucleus (ref. 16 and references the ...
How mammalian sex chromosomes acquired their peculiar gene
... and autosomes has initially masked any such patterns. Recent work, however, has indicated that there are indeed functional themes in the gene content of the X chromosome, with certain classes of genes systematically over-represented and other classes under-represented.(24) One of the first categorie ...
... and autosomes has initially masked any such patterns. Recent work, however, has indicated that there are indeed functional themes in the gene content of the X chromosome, with certain classes of genes systematically over-represented and other classes under-represented.(24) One of the first categorie ...
Restriction Enzymes in Microbiology, Biotechnology and
... R-M system. This grows efficiently in the absence of an R-M system (middle row, left; eop=1) because no restriction enzyme is present, and also in the presence of PstI (middle row, middle; eop=1) because the phage DNA carries the protective, PstIspecific, modification. It grows poorly, however, on t ...
... R-M system. This grows efficiently in the absence of an R-M system (middle row, left; eop=1) because no restriction enzyme is present, and also in the presence of PstI (middle row, middle; eop=1) because the phage DNA carries the protective, PstIspecific, modification. It grows poorly, however, on t ...
Divergent Evolution and Evolution by the Birth-and
... Concerted evolution was also invoked to explain the evolution of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable-region (Vu) genes (Hood et al. 1975; Ohta 1980, 1983). Gojobori and Nei ( 1984), however, showed that Vu gene (often called “gene segment”) family in the mouse and human undergoes a very slow rat ...
... Concerted evolution was also invoked to explain the evolution of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable-region (Vu) genes (Hood et al. 1975; Ohta 1980, 1983). Gojobori and Nei ( 1984), however, showed that Vu gene (often called “gene segment”) family in the mouse and human undergoes a very slow rat ...
Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.Although the sequence of the human genome has been (almost) completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. Most (though probably not all) genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products. Recent results suggest that most of the vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome have associated biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression, organization of chromosome architecture, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.