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AP Biology - gwbiology
AP Biology - gwbiology

... carbohydrate – attach to proteins or lipids to form glycoproteins or glycolipidsact as tags that can be identified in cell recognition. They can also hold adjoining cells together or act as sites where viruses or chemical messengers, for example, hormones, can attach. glycoprotein – cell to cell rec ...
Protein 1 File
Protein 1 File

... Partly denatured structure is weaker so begins to change faster ...
Micro Lab Unit 1 Flashcards
Micro Lab Unit 1 Flashcards

... What is the body's least preferred source of energy? Why is protein one of the body's least preferred sources of energy? Why are proteins essential? ...
ready for
ready for

... • In this case, the preference for righthandedness depends on the righthandedness of the a-helix, combined with the fact that it is much more likely for the backbone to leave both ends of the helix in a fairly smooth continuous direction than for both ends to reverse sharply at that point. [4] ...
Vegetarian Protein Combinations
Vegetarian Protein Combinations

... 1. 1 1/3rd Days = A maximum of four meals with animal proteins have accumulated and their digestion has been inhibited before the complete digestion of the animal protein meal that was consumed first, i.e., before the first of the following four meals. 2. 3 Days = A maximum of nine animal protein me ...
The Cell Membrane
The Cell Membrane

... a collage of many different proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.  A Phospholipid is composed of 1 glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate group. This structure causes hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. ...
A High Yield Method for the Removal of Detergents from Low
A High Yield Method for the Removal of Detergents from Low

... prepared in the presence of detergents and processed to remove detergent revealed sequence coverage and MASCOT scores as good as or better than control BSA samples processed without detergent. The method significantly removes detergents from very low concentrated protein or peptide samples and elimi ...
Protein Structure
Protein Structure

... when electrons are not shared ...
Biosynthesis of a Secretory Protein
Biosynthesis of a Secretory Protein

... Within the RER, the polypeptide is cleaved, sugar added, and polypeptide folds to take a specific shape. Soluble proteins are transported in a transport vesicle to the Golgi Body by exocytosis. Transport vesicle with protein are moved from one area of the Golgi Body to another by endocytosis and exo ...
What are mitochondria? Mitochondria are the
What are mitochondria? Mitochondria are the

... We presented a forensic case based on synthetic biology, as well as teaching students about common techniques used in the lab and allowed them to crack the case themselves using what they had learned. ...
Nutrients and the structure of macromolecules File
Nutrients and the structure of macromolecules File

... Naming fats: 1. The fatty acid chains can be different lengths. This is partly how fats get their name i.e. C18 or C12 (Lorenzo’s Oil). 2. These chains can also be saturated with Hydrogen molecules so there are only single bonds between carbon atoms Or……… They can be unsaturated and have double bond ...
Identification of cAMP-dependent phosphorylated proteins involved
Identification of cAMP-dependent phosphorylated proteins involved

... Among encystment-dependently phosphorylated proteins, some proteins (33-, 37-, 43-, 47- and 49-kDa proteins) have been reported to be cAMP-dependently phosphorylated (Sogame et al., 2011c). In the present study, in addition to these proteins, several phosphoproteins were found to be also phosphoryla ...
Discussion in Advanced Chemical Biology II
Discussion in Advanced Chemical Biology II

... Case study of protein synthesis with protein post-translational modifications and its applications Advance in incorporating non-canonical amino acids technology ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... • Separate SP proteins into different sub-cellular classes based on annotation • In each class, extract all unique keywords for each sequence • The total # of keywords in all classes is equal to the feature space (N) • Generate a binary vector for each sequence in each class where the length of the ...
Protein Stability Protein Folding
Protein Stability Protein Folding

... denatured state. • The effect of mutations to the protein stability can be estimated using the change of DG H20D-N • For some of the mutation, the m-value is changed. The different m-values related to the difference between the number of molecules of solvent bound in the native vs. denatured state. ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

... 12. What is meant by lactose intolerance? How it can be overcome? 13. How the viscosity of starch solution is related to its structure? 14. Give a brief account of cyclodextrins and their use. 15. Explain the biological role of NAD+. 16. What are (i) oxidoreductases (ii) transferases. Give two examp ...
Self-assembly of Proteins
Self-assembly of Proteins

... ‘folding’ which is associated with the structures of biomolecules like proteins and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The molecular level self-assembly is a typical example of the ‘bottom-up’ approach in fabrication of nano-dimensional structures where molecules in the sub-nano range come together to for ...
The Cell Membrane
The Cell Membrane

... it also generates a potential difference across the cell membrane. This is called the membrane potential, and all animal cells have it. It varies from 20 to 200 mV, but and is always negative inside the cell. In most cells the Na+K+ pump runs continuously and uses 30% of all the cell's energy (70% ...
Light-Dependent Reactions (membranes of thylakoid
Light-Dependent Reactions (membranes of thylakoid

... 2) Light energy transferred to electrons – they become excited. 3) Excited electrons passed from chlorophyll to electron transport chain (series of proteins embedded in thylakoid membrane). 4) Each protein in the chain passes energized electrons along from protein to protein. (Bucket Brigade). Small ...
Olivoil Avenate Emulsifier - In
Olivoil Avenate Emulsifier - In

... DESCRIPTION: A new non-ethoxylated, vegetal derived emulsifier that combines the unique lipidic chains of olive oil with the characteristic affinity of hydrolyzed oat proteins toward the skin surface called Olivoyl Hydrolyzed Oat Protein, a lipo-protein with a fatty amide structure. Thanks to its sp ...
Activity 4.1/5.1 How can you identify organic macromolecules?
Activity 4.1/5.1 How can you identify organic macromolecules?

... Predict where you would find each amino acid: in the interior portion of the protein (away from water) or on the outside of the protein (facing water). (Refer to Figure 5.16, ...
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis

... preventing digestive enzymes from reaching the intestines. So those with CF do not absorb nutrients from their food well, and they eliminate non-digested food through the bowel, resulting in very large stools. Because so little food is absorbed, those with CF have difficulty gaining and maintaining ...
Gene Section BCL2L12 (BCL2-like 12 (proline-rich)) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section BCL2L12 (BCL2-like 12 (proline-rich)) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... numerous potential sites for O-glycosylation. Furthermore, several possible sites of phosphorylation have been identified for cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and casein kinase 2. In addition, several N-myristoylation sites have been predicted. The BCL2L12 protein was found to have p ...
Lab: Modeling the Cell Membrane
Lab: Modeling the Cell Membrane

... some things are able to enter and leave the cell easily. Passive transport happens without the cell needing to use any energy to move things through the membrane. Active transport needs some energy to move things through the membrane. The cell membrane is made up of phospholipids where part is hydro ...
breakfast proteins
breakfast proteins

... Write out a template for the cereal chain using letters to correspond to the different colors of the cereal (ie. YOPPRRGYYOP). Tape this down somewhere in the corner of the room and section off this area with some string. Put some scrap paper and things to write with next to the template. To do and ...
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Western blot



The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses gel electrophoresis to separate native proteins by 3-D structure or denatured proteins by the length of the polypeptide. The proteins are then transferred to a membrane (typically nitrocellulose or PVDF), where they are stained with antibodies specific to the target protein. The gel electrophoresis step is included in western blot analysis to resolve the issue of the cross-reactivity of antibodies.There are many reagent companies that specialize in providing antibodies (both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies) against tens of thousands of different proteins. Commercial antibodies can be expensive, although the unbound antibody can be reused between experiments. This method is used in the fields of molecular biology, immunogenetics and other molecular biology disciplines. A number of search engines, such as CiteAb, Antibodypedia, and SeekProducts, are available that can help researchers find suitable antibodies for use in western blotting.Other related techniques include dot blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry where antibodies are used to detect proteins in tissues and cells by immunostaining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The method originated in the laboratory of Harry Towbin at the Friedrich Miescher Institute. The name western blot was given to the technique by W. Neal Burnette and is a play on the name Southern blot, a technique for DNA detection developed earlier by Edwin Southern. Detection of RNA is termed northern blot and was developed by George Stark at Stanford.
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