Physiological and phylogenetic studies of thermophilic
... The present study is based on two earlier projects. One, supervised by Ólafur Friðjónsson at Prokaria ehf, was based on the study of three mesophilic hydrogen oxidizing (HOX) bacteria, Wautersia eutropha, Hydrogenomonas pseudoflava and Acidovorax facilis. This research emphasised on genetic engineer ...
... The present study is based on two earlier projects. One, supervised by Ólafur Friðjónsson at Prokaria ehf, was based on the study of three mesophilic hydrogen oxidizing (HOX) bacteria, Wautersia eutropha, Hydrogenomonas pseudoflava and Acidovorax facilis. This research emphasised on genetic engineer ...
Anaerobic respiration with elemental sulfur and with disulfides
... anoxic marine or brackish sediments, fresh water sediments, bovine rumen, hot water pools from solfataric ¢elds, and volcanic hot springs. Among sulfur-reducing archaea and bacteria, members of the genera Acidianus, Stygiolobus, Thermoproteus, Pyrobaculum, Igneococcus, Pyrodictium, Wolinella, Desulf ...
... anoxic marine or brackish sediments, fresh water sediments, bovine rumen, hot water pools from solfataric ¢elds, and volcanic hot springs. Among sulfur-reducing archaea and bacteria, members of the genera Acidianus, Stygiolobus, Thermoproteus, Pyrobaculum, Igneococcus, Pyrodictium, Wolinella, Desulf ...
Identification of a Chloroplast-encoded 9-kDa
... ferrodoxin but different from those of centers, A, B, and X. It remains to be established whether the reported spectra could have been derived from an artificial complex of similar molecular mass and generated from cysteine, sulfide, and iron. As demonstrated by Hej and Meller (ll), the coincidental ...
... ferrodoxin but different from those of centers, A, B, and X. It remains to be established whether the reported spectra could have been derived from an artificial complex of similar molecular mass and generated from cysteine, sulfide, and iron. As demonstrated by Hej and Meller (ll), the coincidental ...
Fixation of carbon dioxide by chemoautotrophic bacteria
... cluded that the energy of sulfur oxidation was stored in the cell as phosphate bond energy, and COg fixation was coupled with phosphate release. In their experiments the amount of orthophosphate taken up during the oxidation of sulfur in the absence of COg was quantitatively related to the amount of ...
... cluded that the energy of sulfur oxidation was stored in the cell as phosphate bond energy, and COg fixation was coupled with phosphate release. In their experiments the amount of orthophosphate taken up during the oxidation of sulfur in the absence of COg was quantitatively related to the amount of ...
Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism
... (Chapter 11), chemolithotrophic sulfur bacteria are referred to as colourless sulfur bacteria. These are phylogenetically diverse and include bacteria and archaea. They are grouped either according to the location of sulfur deposition after sulfide is oxidized (Table 10.3) or by their ability to use ...
... (Chapter 11), chemolithotrophic sulfur bacteria are referred to as colourless sulfur bacteria. These are phylogenetically diverse and include bacteria and archaea. They are grouped either according to the location of sulfur deposition after sulfide is oxidized (Table 10.3) or by their ability to use ...
Sulfur Metabolism in Escherichia coli and Related Bacteria: Facts
... hydrogen sulfide, H2S. These systems are often poorly known. However, one knows that, for example, thiosulfate can be an excellent sulfur source in E. coli (Sirko et al., 1995). In the same way we do not know much about the use of organic sulfur sources. Biosynthesis of Cysteine The reaction catalyz ...
... hydrogen sulfide, H2S. These systems are often poorly known. However, one knows that, for example, thiosulfate can be an excellent sulfur source in E. coli (Sirko et al., 1995). In the same way we do not know much about the use of organic sulfur sources. Biosynthesis of Cysteine The reaction catalyz ...
Genomic and Physiological Comparisons Between Heterotrophic
... negative, rod-shaped bacteria which utilize ele- can grow autotrophically with thiosulfate as the mental sulfur or compounds containing oxidiz- energy source, heterotrophically with organic able sulfur as sources of energy were placed by compounds, or mixotrophically by using inorVishniac (20) in th ...
... negative, rod-shaped bacteria which utilize ele- can grow autotrophically with thiosulfate as the mental sulfur or compounds containing oxidiz- energy source, heterotrophically with organic able sulfur as sources of energy were placed by compounds, or mixotrophically by using inorVishniac (20) in th ...
Genomic and Physiological Comparisons Between Heterotrophic
... negative, rod-shaped bacteria which utilize ele- can grow autotrophically with thiosulfate as the mental sulfur or compounds containing oxidiz- energy source, heterotrophically with organic able sulfur as sources of energy were placed by compounds, or mixotrophically by using inorVishniac (20) in th ...
... negative, rod-shaped bacteria which utilize ele- can grow autotrophically with thiosulfate as the mental sulfur or compounds containing oxidiz- energy source, heterotrophically with organic able sulfur as sources of energy were placed by compounds, or mixotrophically by using inorVishniac (20) in th ...
Transcriptome profiling identifies candidate genes associated with
... development, while γ-Glu-Met was the most abundant at maturity. Amino acid concentration was normalized over the average of developmental stages, expressed in a log2 scale, and k-means analysis performed to reveal common developmental patterns. Amino acids were grouped into six clusters (Figure 2B). ...
... development, while γ-Glu-Met was the most abundant at maturity. Amino acid concentration was normalized over the average of developmental stages, expressed in a log2 scale, and k-means analysis performed to reveal common developmental patterns. Amino acids were grouped into six clusters (Figure 2B). ...
Biological Radical Sulfur Insertion Reactions
... sulfane sulfur. The reaction proceeds via the formation of a protein-bound cysteine persulfide intermediate on a conserved cysteine residue (Figure 6).12,13 A mechanism for this reaction has been established by elegants studies from D. Dean on NifS, a cysteine desulfurase from Azotobacter vinelandii ...
... sulfane sulfur. The reaction proceeds via the formation of a protein-bound cysteine persulfide intermediate on a conserved cysteine residue (Figure 6).12,13 A mechanism for this reaction has been established by elegants studies from D. Dean on NifS, a cysteine desulfurase from Azotobacter vinelandii ...
Comparison of environmental and isolate Sulfobacillus genomes
... regions were extracted and trimmed with Sickle (available https://github.com/najoshi/sickle), allowing only paired-end reads with length >60 and quality scores >20. For the reference database, 186 sequences were downloaded from the SILVA SSU database representing the 174 sequences of ‘Family XVII In ...
... regions were extracted and trimmed with Sickle (available https://github.com/najoshi/sickle), allowing only paired-end reads with length >60 and quality scores >20. For the reference database, 186 sequences were downloaded from the SILVA SSU database representing the 174 sequences of ‘Family XVII In ...
Metabolic Interactions of aPurple Sulfur Bacterium and a Facultative
... that an increase in the amount of supernatant enhances the growth of PSB, and thereby confirming the result. Additionally, Figure 3 shows that the growth of PSB is generally improved by addition of short-chain fatty acids. Combined with the fact that acid is produced during degradation of agar, thes ...
... that an increase in the amount of supernatant enhances the growth of PSB, and thereby confirming the result. Additionally, Figure 3 shows that the growth of PSB is generally improved by addition of short-chain fatty acids. Combined with the fact that acid is produced during degradation of agar, thes ...
File
... 5.2 Oxidation Numbers Oxidation number the apparent charge an atom would have if it gained or lost its bonding electrons Consider the example of sulfur dioxide, SO2. In sulfur dioxide, oxygen is more electronegative than sulfur. Since oxygen gains two electrons to form the oxide ion, O-2, in ionic c ...
... 5.2 Oxidation Numbers Oxidation number the apparent charge an atom would have if it gained or lost its bonding electrons Consider the example of sulfur dioxide, SO2. In sulfur dioxide, oxygen is more electronegative than sulfur. Since oxygen gains two electrons to form the oxide ion, O-2, in ionic c ...
safety data sheet
... without any warranty, expressed or implied, regarding its correctness or accuracy. Since the conditions for use, handling, storage and disposal are beyond Humco’s control, it is the responsibility of the user to determine safe conditions for use and to assume liability for loss, damage, or expenses ...
... without any warranty, expressed or implied, regarding its correctness or accuracy. Since the conditions for use, handling, storage and disposal are beyond Humco’s control, it is the responsibility of the user to determine safe conditions for use and to assume liability for loss, damage, or expenses ...
Enzymatic activation of sulfur for incorporation into biomolecules in
... 6 mM–5.2 mM (http://www.brenda.uni-koeln.de) but many reports give Km-values of around 0.5 mM. Direct estimates of cellular sulfide concentrations have only rarely been reported and fall in the range 20–160 mM (Schmidt & Jäger, 1992; Wang, 2002; Theissen et al., 2003). It is interesting to note tha ...
... 6 mM–5.2 mM (http://www.brenda.uni-koeln.de) but many reports give Km-values of around 0.5 mM. Direct estimates of cellular sulfide concentrations have only rarely been reported and fall in the range 20–160 mM (Schmidt & Jäger, 1992; Wang, 2002; Theissen et al., 2003). It is interesting to note tha ...
The Science of Onion Flavor Onions are one of the most widely used
... and what do you smell? Nothing! That’s because, like many vegetables, onions do not develop their characteristic flavor until their cells are damaged by cutting, slicing, chopping, or cooking. Now the strong pungent smell of raw onion is noticed almost immediately. When onion cells are damaged an en ...
... and what do you smell? Nothing! That’s because, like many vegetables, onions do not develop their characteristic flavor until their cells are damaged by cutting, slicing, chopping, or cooking. Now the strong pungent smell of raw onion is noticed almost immediately. When onion cells are damaged an en ...
Sulfur in Human Nutrition and Applications in Medicine
... gram of animal protein. For this reason, human diets entirely animal free (vegan) may lead to suboptimal sulfur amino acid status.1 This could occur because the diet may be too low in total protein, composed of proteins of low digestibility, or be low in SAAs. Any of these factors in isolation or oc ...
... gram of animal protein. For this reason, human diets entirely animal free (vegan) may lead to suboptimal sulfur amino acid status.1 This could occur because the diet may be too low in total protein, composed of proteins of low digestibility, or be low in SAAs. Any of these factors in isolation or oc ...
Slides - WordPress.com
... CBB is only used by Bacteria and Eukaryota The CBB pathway requires 3 ATP for the fixation of 1 CO2 (net result of CBB is formation of 1 triose-P from 3 CO2 at the expense of 9 ATP & 6 NAD(P)H) ...
... CBB is only used by Bacteria and Eukaryota The CBB pathway requires 3 ATP for the fixation of 1 CO2 (net result of CBB is formation of 1 triose-P from 3 CO2 at the expense of 9 ATP & 6 NAD(P)H) ...
A tribute to sulfur - Wiley Online Library
... protein that itself is a mitochondrial Fe±S protein, a ferredoxin (Fd) [59]. The requirement for a Fd, which appears to be exclusively synthesized within mitochondria, for the synthesis of Fe±S clusters, supports the notion that mitochondria cannot be formed de novo, but must arise from existing mit ...
... protein that itself is a mitochondrial Fe±S protein, a ferredoxin (Fd) [59]. The requirement for a Fd, which appears to be exclusively synthesized within mitochondria, for the synthesis of Fe±S clusters, supports the notion that mitochondria cannot be formed de novo, but must arise from existing mit ...
Chapter 14 cycles
... Ultimately, these large polymers are degraded and produce new cell mass, CO2 (which returns to the atmosphere), and contribute to the formation of a stable organic matter fraction, humus. Humus turns over slowly, at a rate of 3 to 5% per year. In addition to mineralization to CO2, a number of small ...
... Ultimately, these large polymers are degraded and produce new cell mass, CO2 (which returns to the atmosphere), and contribute to the formation of a stable organic matter fraction, humus. Humus turns over slowly, at a rate of 3 to 5% per year. In addition to mineralization to CO2, a number of small ...
Thiosulfoxide (Sulfane) Sulfur: New Chemistry and New Regulatory
... donate electron pairs to more than one sulfur atom. Figure 1. Bonding of elemental dulfur. ...
... donate electron pairs to more than one sulfur atom. Figure 1. Bonding of elemental dulfur. ...
Lecture 8. Biogeochemical Cycles
... emerged because nitrogen was a limiting element for microbial growth. Although molecular nitrogen was abundant in the atmosphere, microbial cells could not directly utilize nitrogen as N2 gas. Cells require organic nitrogen compounds or reduced inorganic forms of nitrogen for growth. Therefore, unde ...
... emerged because nitrogen was a limiting element for microbial growth. Although molecular nitrogen was abundant in the atmosphere, microbial cells could not directly utilize nitrogen as N2 gas. Cells require organic nitrogen compounds or reduced inorganic forms of nitrogen for growth. Therefore, unde ...
Chemical Technology - Engineers Institute of India
... 1. Sulfur (S) is the chemical element that has the atomic number 16. It is denoted with symbol (S). 2. It is an abundant, multivalent non metal. Sulfur in its native form is a bright yellow crystalline solid. 3. Its commercial uses are primarily in fertilizer, but it is also widely used in black gun ...
... 1. Sulfur (S) is the chemical element that has the atomic number 16. It is denoted with symbol (S). 2. It is an abundant, multivalent non metal. Sulfur in its native form is a bright yellow crystalline solid. 3. Its commercial uses are primarily in fertilizer, but it is also widely used in black gun ...
Sulfur Part II: Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds in the Human Body
... From the list above the most important source of organosulfur compounds in the human diet is from proteins. The organosulfur compounds found in protein come from the sulfur containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. Sulfuramino acids (SAAs) are the primary source of sulfur in the human diet. Th ...
... From the list above the most important source of organosulfur compounds in the human diet is from proteins. The organosulfur compounds found in protein come from the sulfur containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. Sulfuramino acids (SAAs) are the primary source of sulfur in the human diet. Th ...
Trans-Tonoplast Transport of the Sulfur Containing
... system. There was a significant capacity to transport methionine across the tonoplast (Table 2, cf. DIETZ & BUSCH 1990). Similar to the translocation of other amino acids, ATP stimulated the translocation even in the absence of Mg2+. Transport in the absence of ATP is likely to reflect permeation of ...
... system. There was a significant capacity to transport methionine across the tonoplast (Table 2, cf. DIETZ & BUSCH 1990). Similar to the translocation of other amino acids, ATP stimulated the translocation even in the absence of Mg2+. Transport in the absence of ATP is likely to reflect permeation of ...
Sulfur
Sulfur or sulphur (see spelling differences) is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow crystalline solid when at room temperature. Chemically, sulfur can react as either an oxidant or a reducing agent. It oxidizes most metals and several nonmetals, including carbon, which leads to its negative charge in most organosulfur compounds, but it reduces several strong oxidants, such as oxygen and fluorine.Sulfur occurs naturally as the pure element (native sulfur) and as sulfide and sulfate minerals. Elemental sulfur crystals are commonly sought after by mineral collectors for their distinct, brightly colored polyhedron shapes. Being abundant in native form, sulfur was known in ancient times, mentioned for its uses in ancient India, ancient Greece, China and Egypt. Fumes from burning sulfur were used as fumigants, and sulfur-containing medicinal mixtures were used as balms and antiparasitics. Sulfur is referred to in the Bible as brimstone (burn stone) in English, with this name still used in several nonscientific tomes. It was needed to make the best quality of black gunpowder. In 1777, Antoine Lavoisier helped convince the scientific community that sulfur was a basic element rather than a compound.Elemental sulfur was once extracted from salt domes where it sometimes occurs in nearly pure form, but this method has been obsolete since the late 20th century. Today, almost all elemental sulfur is produced as a byproduct of removing sulfur-containing contaminants from natural gas and petroleum. The element's largest commercial use (after mostly being converted to sulfuric acid) is to produce sulfate and phosphate fertilizers, because of the relatively high requirement of plants for sulfur and phosphorus. Sulfuric acid is also a primary industrial chemical outside fertilizer manufacture. Other well-known uses for the element are in matches, insecticides and fungicides. Many sulfur compounds are odoriferous, and the smell of odorized natural gas, skunk scent, grapefruit, and garlic is due to sulfur compounds. Hydrogen sulfide produced by living organisms imparts the characteristic odor to rotting eggs and other biological processes.Sulfur is an essential element for all life, and is widely used in biochemical processes. In metabolic reactions, sulfur compounds serve as both fuels (electron donors) and respiratory (oxygen-alternative) materials (electron acceptors). Sulfur in organic form is present in the vitamins biotin and thiamine, the latter being named for the Greek word for sulfur. Sulfur is an important part of many enzymes and in antioxidant molecules like glutathione and thioredoxin. Organically bonded sulfur is a component of all proteins, as the amino acids cysteine and methionine. Disulfide bonds are largely responsible for the mechanical strength and insolubility of the protein keratin, found in outer skin, hair, and feathers, and the element contributes to their pungent odor when burned.