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The Trouble with the Turing Test
The Trouble with the Turing Test

... interrogating a man or a machine. If the interrogator cannot distinguish computers from humans any better than he can distinguish, say, men from women by the same means of interrogation, then we have no good reason to deny that the computer that deceived him was thinking. And the only way a computer ...
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... to the goal G using A* search. The value of the heuristic h is specified for each node. The costs of the edges are specified on the tree. Assume that children of a node are placed into the list in a left-to-right order, and that nodes of equal priority are extracted (for expansion) from the list in ...
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...  Ability to remember properties and to store internal models of the world  Actions of reactive agents: f(current and past states of their ...
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Industrial And Engineering Applications Of Artificial

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... The Robot, written with capital “R” by Karel Čapek, belongs to the family of artificial creatures accompanying man for thousand years already. We can divide the history of the technology-based representation of human into four stages. A mythic Golemic age, the age of clocks, the age of steam, and f ...
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The Synergy of Human and Artificial Intelligence in Software
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... To reduce human efforts and burden on human intelligence in software-engineering activities, Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have been employed to assist or automate these activities. Typically human’s domain knowledge can serve as starting points for designing AI techniques. Furthermore, th ...
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... What is AI? We’d be willing to wager that many of you have been asked this question — by colleagues, reporters, friends and family, and others. Even if by some fluke you’ve dodged the question, perhaps you’ve asked it yourself, maybe even perhaps (in secret moments, if you’re a practitioner) to your ...
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Building a multimodal human-robot interface
Building a multimodal human-robot interface

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over deliver
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04/24 --- AI: Science or Engineering?

... AI, a science of design-is devoted to determining (by actual synthesis) the external constraints that operate upon chemical molecules. By manipulating the external constraints, we can often determine what functions a system must perform in order to survive, and how its various components carry out t ...
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Technological singularity

The technological singularity is a hypothetical event related to the advent of artificial general intelligence (also known as ""strong AI""). Such a computer, computer network, or robot would theoretically be capable of recursive self-improvement (redesigning itself), or of designing and building computers or robots better than itself. Repetitions of this cycle would likely result in a runaway effect – an intelligence explosion – where smart machines design successive generations of increasingly powerful machines, creating intelligence far exceeding human intellectual capacity and control. Because the capabilities of such a superintelligence may be impossible for a human to comprehend, the technological singularity is the point beyond which events may become unpredictable or even unfathomable to human intelligence.The first use of the term ""singularity"" in this context was made in 1958 by the Hungarian born mathematician and physicist John von Neumann. In 1958, regarding a summary of a conversation with von Neumann, Stanislaw Ulam described ""ever accelerating progress of technology and changes in the mode of human life, which gives the appearance of approaching some essential singularity in the history of the race beyond which human affairs, as we know them, could not continue"". The term was popularized by mathematician, computer scientist and science fiction author Vernor Vinge, who argues that artificial intelligence, human biological enhancement, or brain–computer interfaces could be possible causes of the singularity. Futurist Ray Kurzweil cited von Neumann's use of the term in a foreword to von Neumann's classic The Computer and the Brain.Kurzweil predicts the singularity to occur around 2045 whereas Vinge predicts some time before 2030. At the 2012 Singularity Summit, Stuart Armstrong did a study of artificial general intelligence (AGI) predictions by experts and found a wide range of predicted dates, with a median value of 2040. Discussing the level of uncertainty in AGI estimates, Armstrong said in 2012, ""It's not fully formalized, but my current 80% estimate is something like five to 100 years.""
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