Warm Up Activity #4 - South Pointe Middle
... invasion of the Iberian Peninsula and conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom. Battle of Guadalete: Umayyad Moors' victory over the Visigothic army. Visigothic king Roderic (Rodrigo in Spanish and Portuguese) dies in the battle. After pirates plunder an Arab ship near the mouth of the Indus River, Arab ...
... invasion of the Iberian Peninsula and conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom. Battle of Guadalete: Umayyad Moors' victory over the Visigothic army. Visigothic king Roderic (Rodrigo in Spanish and Portuguese) dies in the battle. After pirates plunder an Arab ship near the mouth of the Indus River, Arab ...
8.8 The Umayyad Dynasty
... people of the empire. In addition, Arabs took over as top officials. People bought goods with new Arab coins. While it was not policy to force conversion to Islam, some non-Muslims began to embrace the new faith for a variety of reasons. These included personal belief in the message of Islam and soc ...
... people of the empire. In addition, Arabs took over as top officials. People bought goods with new Arab coins. While it was not policy to force conversion to Islam, some non-Muslims began to embrace the new faith for a variety of reasons. These included personal belief in the message of Islam and soc ...
7.21 Islam 570–1100
... ● 685–687 Shi’ite revolt in Iraq; beginning of Shi’ite extremism ● 691 Dome of the Rock built in Jerusalem by Caliph Abd-al-Malik ● 696 Arabic becomes the empire’s official administrative language ● 710–711 Muslims invade Spain and Indus Valley ● 717–718 Muslims fail to capture Constantinople ● 732 ...
... ● 685–687 Shi’ite revolt in Iraq; beginning of Shi’ite extremism ● 691 Dome of the Rock built in Jerusalem by Caliph Abd-al-Malik ● 696 Arabic becomes the empire’s official administrative language ● 710–711 Muslims invade Spain and Indus Valley ● 717–718 Muslims fail to capture Constantinople ● 732 ...
Two Accounts of the Battle of Pointers, 732: Chronicle of the Franks
... Two Accounts of the Muslim Conquest of Spain, 711: The Chronicle of 754 The anonymous Latin Chronicle of 754 was written by a Christian living in al-Andalus during the second generation after the conquest of 711. It was designed as an installment in the ongoing “universal chronicle” begun in the fo ...
... Two Accounts of the Muslim Conquest of Spain, 711: The Chronicle of 754 The anonymous Latin Chronicle of 754 was written by a Christian living in al-Andalus during the second generation after the conquest of 711. It was designed as an installment in the ongoing “universal chronicle” begun in the fo ...
As Word (text only) - Discover Islamic Art
... The Sassanian (Persian) army conquers Palestine during a campaign of occupation of Great Syria and Egypt. The conquest is very destructive, tens of churches are destroyed, and monasteries are sacked and ...
... The Sassanian (Persian) army conquers Palestine during a campaign of occupation of Great Syria and Egypt. The conquest is very destructive, tens of churches are destroyed, and monasteries are sacked and ...
Islam and Al-Andalus
... The Medina (city): It was the central part of the city, surrounded by walls. Inside the medina were the main mosque and the madrasa (Muslim college). Near the main mosque there are souks (a type of open market) with workshops (talleres), shops (tiendas) and storehouses (almacenes) for merchandise (m ...
... The Medina (city): It was the central part of the city, surrounded by walls. Inside the medina were the main mosque and the madrasa (Muslim college). Near the main mosque there are souks (a type of open market) with workshops (talleres), shops (tiendas) and storehouses (almacenes) for merchandise (m ...
Book Review Lost History - Journal of the Islamic Medical
... in a halt to the rapid expansion of the Muslim empire and set it free to turn its energy to invention and creation. The manner in which Charles Martel’s army defeated the better-equipped and larger army led by `Abd al-Raḥmān al-Ghāfiqī makes interesting reading with many relevant lessons for all of ...
... in a halt to the rapid expansion of the Muslim empire and set it free to turn its energy to invention and creation. The manner in which Charles Martel’s army defeated the better-equipped and larger army led by `Abd al-Raḥmān al-Ghāfiqī makes interesting reading with many relevant lessons for all of ...
As Word (text only) - Discover Islamic Art
... Prophet Muhammad sends a letter to Cyrus, the Byzantine Patriarch of Alexandria and ruler of Egypt, inviting him to accept Islam. Cyrus sends gifts to the Prophet in answer, together with two sisters from Upper Egypt. The Prophet married one of them, called Maria the Copt. She bore him his only son, ...
... Prophet Muhammad sends a letter to Cyrus, the Byzantine Patriarch of Alexandria and ruler of Egypt, inviting him to accept Islam. Cyrus sends gifts to the Prophet in answer, together with two sisters from Upper Egypt. The Prophet married one of them, called Maria the Copt. She bore him his only son, ...
The Battle of Tours
... A later caliph, al-Walid I (705-715 AD/86-96 AH), began further Islamic conquests. He reconquered parts of Egypt from the Byzantines, moved into Carthage, and across to the western Maghreb. In 711, Muslim armies crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and began to conquer Spain using North African Berber ar ...
... A later caliph, al-Walid I (705-715 AD/86-96 AH), began further Islamic conquests. He reconquered parts of Egypt from the Byzantines, moved into Carthage, and across to the western Maghreb. In 711, Muslim armies crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and began to conquer Spain using North African Berber ar ...
MWNF - Discover Baroqueart
... The Sassanian (Persian) army conquers Palestine during a campaign of occupation of Great Syria and Egypt. The conquest is very destructive, tens of churches are destroyed, and monasteries are sacked and ...
... The Sassanian (Persian) army conquers Palestine during a campaign of occupation of Great Syria and Egypt. The conquest is very destructive, tens of churches are destroyed, and monasteries are sacked and ...
The Battle of Tours
... of the Mamluks were Turkish, who were famous for the horsemanship, but the Mamluk military also consisted of Slavs and some Berbers. By the middle of al-Wathiq's reign, the Mamluk army had completely displaced the Arabian and Persian army under the caliph. This army, caused bitter resentment among M ...
... of the Mamluks were Turkish, who were famous for the horsemanship, but the Mamluk military also consisted of Slavs and some Berbers. By the middle of al-Wathiq's reign, the Mamluk army had completely displaced the Arabian and Persian army under the caliph. This army, caused bitter resentment among M ...
The Early `Abbasid Baghdad
... Islamic medicine was influenced by the Jundishapur and the medical schools that developed in south-west Iran. It was also influenced by the Nestorians, who sought refuge, and taught Greek medicine in Syriac and Greek translations, and Jewish and Indian ideas. • The first earliest hospital in the Isl ...
... Islamic medicine was influenced by the Jundishapur and the medical schools that developed in south-west Iran. It was also influenced by the Nestorians, who sought refuge, and taught Greek medicine in Syriac and Greek translations, and Jewish and Indian ideas. • The first earliest hospital in the Isl ...
As Word (text only) - Discover Islamic Art
... Prophet Muhammad sends a letter to Cyrus, the Byzantine Patriarch of Alexandria and ruler of Egypt, inviting him to accept Islam. Cyrus sends gifts to the Prophet in answer, together with two sisters from Upper Egypt. The Prophet married one of them, called Maria the Copt. She bore him his only son, ...
... Prophet Muhammad sends a letter to Cyrus, the Byzantine Patriarch of Alexandria and ruler of Egypt, inviting him to accept Islam. Cyrus sends gifts to the Prophet in answer, together with two sisters from Upper Egypt. The Prophet married one of them, called Maria the Copt. She bore him his only son, ...
MWNF - Discover Baroqueart
... Prophet Muhammad sends a letter to Cyrus, the Byzantine Patriarch of Alexandria and ruler of Egypt, inviting him to accept Islam. Cyrus sends gifts to the Prophet in answer, together with two sisters from Upper Egypt. The Prophet married one of them, called Maria the Copt. She bore him his only son, ...
... Prophet Muhammad sends a letter to Cyrus, the Byzantine Patriarch of Alexandria and ruler of Egypt, inviting him to accept Islam. Cyrus sends gifts to the Prophet in answer, together with two sisters from Upper Egypt. The Prophet married one of them, called Maria the Copt. She bore him his only son, ...
MWNF - Discover Baroqueart
... The Sassanian (Persian) army conquers Palestine during a campaign of occupation of Great Syria and Egypt. The conquest is very destructive, tens of churches are destroyed, and monasteries are sacked and ...
... The Sassanian (Persian) army conquers Palestine during a campaign of occupation of Great Syria and Egypt. The conquest is very destructive, tens of churches are destroyed, and monasteries are sacked and ...
Arab Civilization The Arabs were originally the
... Middle East. According to the “Pact of Umar”, the conquered peoples were left entirely undisturbed in their (monotheistic) religion, community life, and property on the condition that they pay a tribute. Pagans were not afforded such rights. In return, the Arabs offered protection and more reasonabl ...
... Middle East. According to the “Pact of Umar”, the conquered peoples were left entirely undisturbed in their (monotheistic) religion, community life, and property on the condition that they pay a tribute. Pagans were not afforded such rights. In return, the Arabs offered protection and more reasonabl ...
Some Reflections on the Institutions of Muslim Spain: Unity in
... has been addressed so much throughout the entire history of Dar al-Islam. Once legitimacy was obtained, the ruler controlled all the reins of power, appointed his supporters to administrative positions in the provinces, and had direct administrative power over the entire emirate. In al-Andalus, the ...
... has been addressed so much throughout the entire history of Dar al-Islam. Once legitimacy was obtained, the ruler controlled all the reins of power, appointed his supporters to administrative positions in the provinces, and had direct administrative power over the entire emirate. In al-Andalus, the ...
Paper Proposal (Final Draft)
... the topic has captivated historians of medieval Europe, at the very least as an exercise in alternative paths for what may have happened to Europe in the event of a Frankish defeat at Tours. By examining Umayyad sources, I also plan to answer, using extant evaluations by modern historians, whether t ...
... the topic has captivated historians of medieval Europe, at the very least as an exercise in alternative paths for what may have happened to Europe in the event of a Frankish defeat at Tours. By examining Umayyad sources, I also plan to answer, using extant evaluations by modern historians, whether t ...
Printer Friendly - Michigan War Studies Review
... the infidel until Allah decided the outcome. Hence the notion of jihad or war against non-believers was embedded in the Qur’an, legitimating a profitable way of life for Arabs through conquest and plunder. In his central chapters, Lewis contests traditional scholarship with fresh perspectives on Isl ...
... the infidel until Allah decided the outcome. Hence the notion of jihad or war against non-believers was embedded in the Qur’an, legitimating a profitable way of life for Arabs through conquest and plunder. In his central chapters, Lewis contests traditional scholarship with fresh perspectives on Isl ...
A “Global” Civilization: the Birth of Islam
... In this era Muslim converts, called mawali, still paid taxes and did not receive a share of booty; they were blocked from important positions in the army or bureaucracy. As a result the number of conversions was low in the Umayyad era. The great portion the population of the empire were dhimmis, or ...
... In this era Muslim converts, called mawali, still paid taxes and did not receive a share of booty; they were blocked from important positions in the army or bureaucracy. As a result the number of conversions was low in the Umayyad era. The great portion the population of the empire were dhimmis, or ...
Islamic Civilization
... of Constantinople protected eastern Europe from falling to Islamic rule. But it was the underlying political philosophy of the Umayyad dynasty that spelled its defeat. Unlike the “Rightly Guided Caliphs,” the dynasty’s government was politically based rather than religiously. This did not sit well w ...
... of Constantinople protected eastern Europe from falling to Islamic rule. But it was the underlying political philosophy of the Umayyad dynasty that spelled its defeat. Unlike the “Rightly Guided Caliphs,” the dynasty’s government was politically based rather than religiously. This did not sit well w ...
As Word (text only) - Discover Islamic Art
... Prophet Muhammad sends a letter to Cyrus, the Byzantine Patriarch of Alexandria and ruler of Egypt, inviting him to accept Islam. Cyrus sends gifts to the Prophet in answer, together with two sisters from Upper Egypt. The Prophet married one of them, called Maria the Copt. She bore him his only son, ...
... Prophet Muhammad sends a letter to Cyrus, the Byzantine Patriarch of Alexandria and ruler of Egypt, inviting him to accept Islam. Cyrus sends gifts to the Prophet in answer, together with two sisters from Upper Egypt. The Prophet married one of them, called Maria the Copt. She bore him his only son, ...
n Ross E. Dunn, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta
... and better design. Aside from typOS, 5 there are spelling inconsistencies and odd word-choices. The alternate vocabulary is confusing when Dunn first explains the formal "aI-Hajj" (p. 76) as the pilgrim's honorific, and two pages later uses "hajjis" (p. 78), the Persian variant with an English plura ...
... and better design. Aside from typOS, 5 there are spelling inconsistencies and odd word-choices. The alternate vocabulary is confusing when Dunn first explains the formal "aI-Hajj" (p. 76) as the pilgrim's honorific, and two pages later uses "hajjis" (p. 78), the Persian variant with an English plura ...
INTRODUCTION, PART II
... Western Europe. The Frankish kingdom grew in strength, and the Muslims were expelled from Provence in 738. Charles Martel's son, Pepin III, retook Narbonne in 751, ending the last Muslim conquest north of the Pyrenees, and his grandson, Charlemagne, conducted several expeditions south. By 785 the Fr ...
... Western Europe. The Frankish kingdom grew in strength, and the Muslims were expelled from Provence in 738. Charles Martel's son, Pepin III, retook Narbonne in 751, ending the last Muslim conquest north of the Pyrenees, and his grandson, Charlemagne, conducted several expeditions south. By 785 the Fr ...
Umayyad conquest of Hispania
The Umayyad conquest of Hispania was the initial expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate over Hispania, largely extending from 711 to 788. The conquest resulted in the destruction of the Visigothic Kingdom and the establishment of the independent Emirate of Cordova under Abd ar-Rahman I, who completed the unification of Muslim-ruled Iberia, or al-Andalus (756–788). The conquest marks the westernmost expansion of both the Umayyad Caliphate and Muslim rule into Europe.Forces commanded by Tariq ibn Ziyad disembarked in early 711 at Gibraltar at the head of an army consisting of Berber Northwest Africans and Arabs. He campaigned his way northward after the decisive Battle of Guadalete against the usurper Roderic. By 717, the Berber-Arabs had crossed the Pyrenees onto Septimania and Provence (734).
