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... and particles with low diffusivity), generalizing eqn (2) to include these effects presents no fundamental obstacle. Using these simulations, we were able to recapitulate the experimentally observed behaviors (Fig. 1b–d and Videos S1 and S2†). The agreement between simulations and experiments sugges ...
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Simulation of Charged Particle Orbits in Fusion

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Spin transport through nanostructures B. K ,

... producing a spin-polarized current that can be controlled by external means. In analogy to the SET device, the ultimate spin device could be imagined as a “single spin transistor” (SST), which would be switched between an “on-state” and “off-state” with a single electron spin. The discoveries of the ...
Elastic electron-proton scattering
Elastic electron-proton scattering

Single-exciton spectroscopy of single Mn doped InAs quantum dots
Single-exciton spectroscopy of single Mn doped InAs quantum dots

... sition 共X0A0 → A0兲 PL spectrum with five peaks with different intensities at zero applied field instead of the six almost identical peaks in CdTe. The presence of the acceptor hole also opens an additional optical recombination channel: the band-to-acceptor transition 共X0A0 → h+A−兲, such that the co ...
Intermediate-coupling calculations of the effects of interacting resonances
Intermediate-coupling calculations of the effects of interacting resonances

... through a common electron or photon continuum @5#. In order to interact through the electron continuum, they must have the same parity and the same total angular momentum. In order to couple through the photon continuum, they must differ by no more than two units of angular momentum; in addition, th ...
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(V4) Increasing Exclusion: The Pauli Exclusion Principle and Energy

Problems with Light Emitting Devices and Their Solutions
Problems with Light Emitting Devices and Their Solutions

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Monte Carlo Studies of Particle Diffusion on a

... It should be noted the following. The analytical expressions derived for the inhomogeneous lattices work perfectly because all NN sites for the d and s sites are equivalent. The jumping particles occupy them with equal probabilities. In the patchwise lattice, the NN sites are not equivalent, and par ...
Axiomatic and constructive quantum field theory Thesis for the
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... relativity and quantum theory. The first section of this chapter, on special relativity, commences with the introduction of certain physical concepts such as inertial observers and the invariance of the speed of light. These physical concepts will then be used to motivate the structure of the mathem ...
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... FIG. 4: Experimental NMR spectra and respective tomographed density matrices, for the four bell states, as indicated on the figure. FIG. 3: Experimental NMR spectra and respective tomographed density matrices, for (a) before and after the operation HB |00i = √1 [|00i + |01i] (Hadamard gate applied t ...
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... difference of the diffraction pattern between orbital and spin polarized beams, because only for orbital polarized beam there is momentum density circular flow along the z direction. A detailed analysis had been given in arXiv:1211.4407[physics.class-ph] ...
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... Several schemes for quantum entanglement manipulation and/or gate operation via IFM have been recently proposed 关50–54兴. Utilizing the dissipative photon-atom interaction, Gilchrist et al. propose implementing conditional, postselection protocols to generate Bell-, W-, and Greenberger-HorneZeilinger ...
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... as living organisms require significant amounts of time to gather. The initial ideas of the quasicrystalline of the vacuum and biostructures were published in 1996 [3] [4]. The non-periodic filling of the volume, i.e., for quasicrystal construction, requires only two varieties of elementary cells, n ...
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... As a consequence, the field itself is not directly measurable; its existence can only be proved by its effects (Rummel 1975, p. 27). Because of this, and the more general Western discomfort with any explanation not ultimately reducible to hard particles whamming into one another, analysts generally ...
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Renormalization



In quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of fields, and the theory of self-similar geometric structures, renormalization is any of a collection of techniques used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities.Renormalization specifies relationships between parameters in the theory when the parameters describing large distance scales differ from the parameters describing small distances. Physically, the pileup of contributions from an infinity of scales involved in a problem may then result in infinities. When describing space and time as a continuum, certain statistical and quantum mechanical constructions are ill defined. To define them, this continuum limit, the removal of the ""construction scaffolding"" of lattices at various scales, has to be taken carefully, as detailed below.Renormalization was first developed in quantum electrodynamics (QED) to make sense of infinite integrals in perturbation theory. Initially viewed as a suspect provisional procedure even by some of its originators, renormalization eventually was embraced as an important and self-consistent actual mechanism of scale physics in several fields of physics and mathematics. Today, the point of view has shifted: on the basis of the breakthrough renormalization group insights of Kenneth Wilson, the focus is on variation of physical quantities across contiguous scales, while distant scales are related to each other through ""effective"" descriptions. All scales are linked in a broadly systematic way, and the actual physics pertinent to each is extracted with the suitable specific computational techniques appropriate for each.
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