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Effects of Aniracetam on Bladder Overactivity in Rats with Cerebral
Effects of Aniracetam on Bladder Overactivity in Rats with Cerebral

... one-way ANOVA, P ⬍ .05, and P ⬍ .01 by Fischer’s protected least significant difference test). The bladder capacity with i.c.v. administration of aniracetam reduced to the level of vehicle-treated group at 60 min after administration. However, the percentage of control in bladder capacities of the a ...
Hydroxychloroquine - British Association of Dermatologists
Hydroxychloroquine - British Association of Dermatologists

... There is no particular reason for you to avoid alcohol while taking hydroxychloroquine, although it is advisable to adopt sensible drinking habits in line with the NHS guidelines. Can I take other medicines at the same time as hydroxychloroquine? Most other drugs can be taken safely with hydroxychlo ...
A Mechanistic Approach to Understanding the Factors Affecting
A Mechanistic Approach to Understanding the Factors Affecting

Corticosteroids – the good, The bad and the ugly
Corticosteroids – the good, The bad and the ugly

... can lead to substantial weight gain. Cortisone secretion then fall offs, and the bodyʼs parasympathetic system takes over the role of restoring normality. Physis, stress and cortisone Tibb associates abnormal or long lasting stress with the qualities of heat with dryness. There is a serious imbalanc ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676.

Drugs Used In Peptic Ulcer and Eradication Therapy
Drugs Used In Peptic Ulcer and Eradication Therapy

... NOTE: In the absence of mucous, acid would begin to attack the first layer of stomach tissue. Normally this would not be a problem because the first layer of stomach tissue is constantly being shed. But if the inner lining is destroyed faster then it can be replaced an ulcer may develop. With enough ...
booklet internal pages
booklet internal pages

... Background: The application of external physical stimuli to elicit site-specific cytotoxicity and/or enhance the cellular uptake of drugs offers significant potential in cancer therapy. Near-infrared light (NIR) as a stimulus provides deep tissue penetration with minimal effect on tissues. Indocyani ...
Opioids for persistent pain: Good practice The British Pain Society's
Opioids for persistent pain: Good practice The British Pain Society's

... non-substance misuse psychiatric diagnosis may be more likely to develop problems with opioid use. Opioid treatment for these patients should be closely and collaboratively monitored by specialists in pain management and/or addiction medicine. ...
Misuse and abuse of quetiapine
Misuse and abuse of quetiapine

... The article discusses potential mechanisms responsible for quetiapine abuse. This is probably related to its sedative and anxiolytic activity which results in the frequent use with stimulants. Also, high affinity for the H1 receptor, as antihistamines agents causes rewarding action. ...
Zopiclone Orion film-coated tablet ENG PL
Zopiclone Orion film-coated tablet ENG PL

... used during treatment with zopiclone. The risk also increases if zopiclone is used at doses exceeding the maximum recommended dose. If you develop such behaviours, please inform your doctor immediately. Your doctor may discontinue the treatment with zopiclone. Risk of fall Due to the muscle relaxing ...
Covariate Analysis of QTc and T
Covariate Analysis of QTc and T

... This study adds the dimension of a T-wave morphology composite score (MCS) to the QTc interval–based evaluation of drugs that affect cardiac repolarization. Electrocardiographic recordings from 62 subjects on placebo and 400 mg moxifloxacin were compared with those from 21 subjects on 160 and 320 mg ...
classification of sedating antihistamines
classification of sedating antihistamines

... subjective assessments. Responses following terfenadine did not differ from placebo. In the second study all three regimens produced subjective and objective impairments to a significantly greater degree than placebo. The general rank order of effects was diphenhydramine 50mg, followed by diphenhydr ...
An evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity auranofin
An evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity auranofin

... (RA). Although the drug has been successful in treating the symptoms of RA, many patients discontinue its use due to severe toxicity over long periods of continued treatment. Since the introduction of auranofin in 1985 there has been no new clinically approved gold drug. Drug discovery research is d ...
Pelagia Research Library Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
Pelagia Research Library Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

... by hydrophilic matrix remains a very versatile tool in the hands of the formulator and we can only look forward to greater formulation predicability as more and more fundamental studies become available. The matrix may be tabletted from wet-massed granule or direct compression. The resulting product ...
LIPOSOMES FOR THE DELIVERY OF NUCLEIC ACID DRUGS A
LIPOSOMES FOR THE DELIVERY OF NUCLEIC ACID DRUGS A

... Cationic lipids possess inherent fusogenic properties of their own, cationic lipids were originally believed to require fusogenic “helper” lipids for efficient NA delivery. Fusogenic liposomes facilitate the intracellular delivery of complexed plasmid DNA by fusing with the membranes of the target c ...
Ultra-Low Dose Antagonist Effects on Cannabinoids and Opioids in Models... Is Less More? By
Ultra-Low Dose Antagonist Effects on Cannabinoids and Opioids in Models... Is Less More? By

... An ultra-low dose of a drug is approximately 1000-fold lower than the dose range traditionally used to induce a therapeutic effect. The purpose of the present thesis was to broaden the knowledge of the ultra-low dose effect, that was previously identified in the opioid receptor system, by looking at ...
Is Sleep Important for Dairy Cows?
Is Sleep Important for Dairy Cows?

... directed toward immune cell production and activation. • Although not directly seen in cows, in various other models, REM sleep helps maintain and establish brain connections during the critical stages of development. o Specifically, REM sleep allows the brain to turn experiences into memories. Even ...
INTRODUCTION Oral insulin secretagogues are antidiabetic medications that
INTRODUCTION Oral insulin secretagogues are antidiabetic medications that

... pancreatitis, the mechanisms by which certain drugs can induce pancreatitis are not known (Blomgren & Sudstrom, 2002). One theory is that some drugs known to diffuse into the pancreas, such as metronidazole, can exhibit a direct toxic effect; another is that drugs can lead to an accumulation of toxi ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... skin of the average adult covers approximately 1–2 m2 [2] and receives a third of the total blood circulation, thus making it an ideal route through which therapeutic agents can be administered [3]. The outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), is the primary layer through which most dr ...
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These

... not be cut, chewed, or crushed. Total daily doses greater than 32 mg/360 mg per day (two tablets twice daily) are not recommended. In clinical trials, CONTRAVE was administered with meals. However, CONTRAVE should not be taken with a high-fat meal because of a resulting significant increase in bupro ...
Journal of Affective Disorders
Journal of Affective Disorders

... necessarily risk free, and the common public misconception that natural equals safe has been belied by various reports of toxic reactions from these agents, which may be due to intrinsic toxicity, contamination, or interaction with other drugs. Although a multitude of natural medications are availab ...
Using METHOCEL Cellulose Ethers for Controlled
Using METHOCEL Cellulose Ethers for Controlled

... among the most widely used means of providing controlled release in solid oral dosage forms. METHOCEL hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as the controlledrelease agent in hydrophilic matrix systems offers a wide range of properties, consistently high quality, and broad regulatory approval. In addition, M ...
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL TOPICAL GEL PREPARATIONS FOR WOUND
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL TOPICAL GEL PREPARATIONS FOR WOUND

Quest For Quality
Quest For Quality

... Underlying principles (Pasero, 2009a; Pasero, McCaffery 2005, 2011) a) A behavioral score is not a pain intensity rating. If a patient cannot report pain intensity, the exact intensity is unknown b) Do analgesic trial to confirm presence of pain or make assumptions when appropriate and proceed with ...
Consent for treatment with Buprenorphine
Consent for treatment with Buprenorphine

... Some patients find that it takes several days to get used to the transition from the opioid they had been using to buprenorphine. During that time, any use of other opioids may cause an increase in symptoms. After you become stabilized on buprenorphine, it is expected that other opioids will have le ...
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Psychopharmacology



Psychopharmacology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, ""breath, life, soul""; φάρμακον, pharmakon, ""drug""; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior. It is distinguished from neuropsychopharmacology, which emphasizes the correlation between drug-induced changes in the functioning of cells in the nervous system and changes in consciousness and behavior.The field of psychopharmacology studies a wide range of substances with various types of psychoactive properties, focusing primarily on the chemical interactions with the brain.Psychoactive drugs interact with particular target sites or receptors found in the nervous system to induce widespread changes in physiological or psychological functions. The specific interaction between drugs and their receptors is referred to as ""drug action"", and the widespread changes in physiological or psychological function is referred to as ""drug effect"". These drugs may originate from natural sources such as plants and animals, or from artificial sources such as chemical synthesis in the laboratory.
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