The Drugs - chem4520
... microbial agent required to make several different 2-nitroimidazole based compounds • Very good yield • The best yields and shorter reaction times were obtain when DMSO was used as a solvent ...
... microbial agent required to make several different 2-nitroimidazole based compounds • Very good yield • The best yields and shorter reaction times were obtain when DMSO was used as a solvent ...
Unit I
... Synergistic effect - when 2 drugs having the same biological response, NOT by the same MOA, are given together, the effect is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug if given alone. ...
... Synergistic effect - when 2 drugs having the same biological response, NOT by the same MOA, are given together, the effect is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug if given alone. ...
LEVODOPA
... An alternative but complementary approach has been to restore the normal balance of cholinergic and dopaminergic influences on the basal ganglia with antimuscarinic drugs. The pathophysiologic basis for this therapy is that in idiopathic parkinsonism, dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra tha ...
... An alternative but complementary approach has been to restore the normal balance of cholinergic and dopaminergic influences on the basal ganglia with antimuscarinic drugs. The pathophysiologic basis for this therapy is that in idiopathic parkinsonism, dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra tha ...
ALCOHOL- Marijuana 3
... the brain that control memory, attention, and learning. Smoking marijuana causes some changes in the brain that are like those cause by cocaine, heroin, and alcohol. Some researchers believe that these changes may put a person more at risk of becoming addicted to other drugs, such as cocaine or hero ...
... the brain that control memory, attention, and learning. Smoking marijuana causes some changes in the brain that are like those cause by cocaine, heroin, and alcohol. Some researchers believe that these changes may put a person more at risk of becoming addicted to other drugs, such as cocaine or hero ...
O R I G I N A L I N... Stefani N. Von Huben . Sophia A. Davis .
... Dopaminergic signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) plays a clear role in many aspects of complex behavior and cognition. Mental and behavioral disorders associated with major disruptions of dopamine (DA) neurotransmission include normal aging, schizophrenia, attention deficit/hyperactivity d ...
... Dopaminergic signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) plays a clear role in many aspects of complex behavior and cognition. Mental and behavioral disorders associated with major disruptions of dopamine (DA) neurotransmission include normal aging, schizophrenia, attention deficit/hyperactivity d ...
Rapid tranquillisation - The British Journal of Psychiatry
... 1997; Kerr & Taylor, 1997; Royal College of Psychiatrists Psychopharmacology SubGroup, 1977). These recommend nonpharmacological and oral therapy (when liquid and rapidly dissolving formulations may be particularly useful) before embarking on parenteral treatment. However, if the latter proves neces ...
... 1997; Kerr & Taylor, 1997; Royal College of Psychiatrists Psychopharmacology SubGroup, 1977). These recommend nonpharmacological and oral therapy (when liquid and rapidly dissolving formulations may be particularly useful) before embarking on parenteral treatment. However, if the latter proves neces ...
Size: 841 kB 25th Aug 2014 Pharmacology Basics
... • Diuretics (such as HCTZ) can reduce serum K+ and Na+ electrolyte levels when taken with digoxin and lithium respectively • MAOIs antidepressants can cause convulsions and other serious side effects when used with tricyclic antidepressants (nortriptyline), SSRIs or sympathomimetic drugs (amphetami ...
... • Diuretics (such as HCTZ) can reduce serum K+ and Na+ electrolyte levels when taken with digoxin and lithium respectively • MAOIs antidepressants can cause convulsions and other serious side effects when used with tricyclic antidepressants (nortriptyline), SSRIs or sympathomimetic drugs (amphetami ...
A Public-Health-Based Vision for the Management
... psychotic disorders or a predisposition to these disorders, and Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD), sometimes known as “flashbacks” (Halpern and Pope 2003, 1999; Abraham, Aldrige, and Gogia 1996). However, the incidence of such adverse effects is low and, when they do occur, they are ...
... psychotic disorders or a predisposition to these disorders, and Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD), sometimes known as “flashbacks” (Halpern and Pope 2003, 1999; Abraham, Aldrige, and Gogia 1996). However, the incidence of such adverse effects is low and, when they do occur, they are ...
File
... gastrointestinal tract. • Obtained from opium plants. • The analgesic effects of opioids are due to decreased perception of pain, decreased reaction to pain as well as increased pain tolerance. ...
... gastrointestinal tract. • Obtained from opium plants. • The analgesic effects of opioids are due to decreased perception of pain, decreased reaction to pain as well as increased pain tolerance. ...
Deprenyl in Parkinson`s Disease: Mechanisms, Neuroprotective
... the latter view comes from evidence that MAO-B is responsible for MPTP (l-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) toxicity (by oxidizing it to MPDP, 1-methyl-phenyl-dihydropyridinium, which spontaneously oxidizes to MPP+, 1-methyl-phenylpyridinium) or the generation of free radicals and hydrogen ...
... the latter view comes from evidence that MAO-B is responsible for MPTP (l-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) toxicity (by oxidizing it to MPDP, 1-methyl-phenyl-dihydropyridinium, which spontaneously oxidizes to MPP+, 1-methyl-phenylpyridinium) or the generation of free radicals and hydrogen ...
The Development of Deuterium-Containing Drugs
... cases, this modification has the potential to have a positive impact effect on safety, efficacy and/or tolerability. By starting from compounds with welldefined human pharmacological effects – such as approved drugs – deuteration potentially provides a unique, streamlined approach to creating signif ...
... cases, this modification has the potential to have a positive impact effect on safety, efficacy and/or tolerability. By starting from compounds with welldefined human pharmacological effects – such as approved drugs – deuteration potentially provides a unique, streamlined approach to creating signif ...
The Development of Deuterium-Containing Drugs
... cases, this modification has the potential to have a positive impact effect on safety, efficacy and/or tolerability. By starting from compounds with welldefined human pharmacological effects – such as approved drugs – deuteration potentially provides a unique, streamlined approach to creating signif ...
... cases, this modification has the potential to have a positive impact effect on safety, efficacy and/or tolerability. By starting from compounds with welldefined human pharmacological effects – such as approved drugs – deuteration potentially provides a unique, streamlined approach to creating signif ...
Dopamine receptors in the ventral tegmental area
... may have affected copulation. However, this does not seem likely, since the drug probably diffused throughout a substantial volume of the SN, including both zona compacta and zona reticulata, and yet did not produce even a trend toward a behavioral effect. (We have previously found that similar micr ...
... may have affected copulation. However, this does not seem likely, since the drug probably diffused throughout a substantial volume of the SN, including both zona compacta and zona reticulata, and yet did not produce even a trend toward a behavioral effect. (We have previously found that similar micr ...
Pharmacology/Therapeutics I Block 2 Lectures 12. Drug Actions in
... nerve terminal. C. Release – Dense core vesicles reside farther away from the pre-synaptic membrane than do small synaptic vesicles. Consequently, increases in intracellular calcium concentration of longer duration are required to stimulate peptide release. Neuropeptides are often produced within ot ...
... nerve terminal. C. Release – Dense core vesicles reside farther away from the pre-synaptic membrane than do small synaptic vesicles. Consequently, increases in intracellular calcium concentration of longer duration are required to stimulate peptide release. Neuropeptides are often produced within ot ...
Final Internal Assessment: PHARMACOLOGY
... 9 A middle aged person was watching T.V. in dark ,suddenly develops pain in right eye, vomiting and blurring of vision. On examination, right pupil is dilated, sluggishly reacting to light with raised intra-ocular pressure. The condition is diagnosed as a case of acute congestive glaucoma. What will ...
... 9 A middle aged person was watching T.V. in dark ,suddenly develops pain in right eye, vomiting and blurring of vision. On examination, right pupil is dilated, sluggishly reacting to light with raised intra-ocular pressure. The condition is diagnosed as a case of acute congestive glaucoma. What will ...
Antihypertensive Drugs (CVS)
... depletion ( proinsulin to insulin) – precipitation of diabetes Hyperlipidemia: rise in total LDL level – risk of stroke Hyperurecaemia: inhibition of urate excretion- Acute gout attacks All the above metabolic side effects – higher doses (50 – 100 mg per day) But, its observed that these adverse eff ...
... depletion ( proinsulin to insulin) – precipitation of diabetes Hyperlipidemia: rise in total LDL level – risk of stroke Hyperurecaemia: inhibition of urate excretion- Acute gout attacks All the above metabolic side effects – higher doses (50 – 100 mg per day) But, its observed that these adverse eff ...
News release - Renishaw resource centre
... Parkinson’s is a neurodegenerative disease, caused by the break-down of dopamine producing neurons in the brain. Symptoms include involuntary shaking, stiffness of muscles and slowing down of movement, which can be extremely debilitating. In addition, patients can suffer associated nonmotor symptoms ...
... Parkinson’s is a neurodegenerative disease, caused by the break-down of dopamine producing neurons in the brain. Symptoms include involuntary shaking, stiffness of muscles and slowing down of movement, which can be extremely debilitating. In addition, patients can suffer associated nonmotor symptoms ...
Pritor® 40(80) mg and Co-Pritor® 40(80/12.5 mg)
... in lowering blood pressure than either telmisartan or hydrochlorothiazide alone. Recent data show that telmisartan 80 mg controls the early morning blood pressure surge more effectively than ramipril 5–10 mg and, thus, may have a greater beneficial effect on long-term cardiovascular risk. Independen ...
... in lowering blood pressure than either telmisartan or hydrochlorothiazide alone. Recent data show that telmisartan 80 mg controls the early morning blood pressure surge more effectively than ramipril 5–10 mg and, thus, may have a greater beneficial effect on long-term cardiovascular risk. Independen ...
Polypharmacy Powerpoint Presentation
... Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing (PIP) • Defined as prescribing that poses more risk than benefit to the individual. • Using medications either have no clear evidence-based indication, carry a substantially higher risk of ADE or are not cost-effective. • The risk of adverse drug event (ADE) re ...
... Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing (PIP) • Defined as prescribing that poses more risk than benefit to the individual. • Using medications either have no clear evidence-based indication, carry a substantially higher risk of ADE or are not cost-effective. • The risk of adverse drug event (ADE) re ...
Antianginals and Medications Used in Shock
... Use shorter acting ones to decrease tolerance or Use long acting ones but omit during night ...
... Use shorter acting ones to decrease tolerance or Use long acting ones but omit during night ...
Powerpoint Presentation Toxicology Lecture
... deformities caused by thalidomide, and only about 5,000 of these survived beyond childhood • 1968 - Contergan case was brought to trial • 1970 - court dismissed the case due to only minor responsibility of Grünenthal and "minor importance to the public of the Federal Republic of Germany" • In fact, ...
... deformities caused by thalidomide, and only about 5,000 of these survived beyond childhood • 1968 - Contergan case was brought to trial • 1970 - court dismissed the case due to only minor responsibility of Grünenthal and "minor importance to the public of the Federal Republic of Germany" • In fact, ...
Adjunct to anesthesia One of a number of drugs or techniques used
... neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells. The nerve fibers of the parasympathetic system are responsible for the involuntary movement of smooth muscles present in the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, lungs, etc. Anticholinergics are divided into three categories in accorda ...
... neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells. The nerve fibers of the parasympathetic system are responsible for the involuntary movement of smooth muscles present in the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, lungs, etc. Anticholinergics are divided into three categories in accorda ...
Investigational New Drug (IND)
... (1) New Drug Application to demonstrate product safety – concept of animal/human testing before interstate shipping (2) formula must be disclosed (3) Directions for use and precautions on prescription ...
... (1) New Drug Application to demonstrate product safety – concept of animal/human testing before interstate shipping (2) formula must be disclosed (3) Directions for use and precautions on prescription ...
FDA
... The European Route • With the decentralised system the company applies to several member states at the same time. One member state assesses the application (this is the MHRA in the UK). • If they recommend that the drug be licensed, the other member states then either agree or object. If everyone a ...
... The European Route • With the decentralised system the company applies to several member states at the same time. One member state assesses the application (this is the MHRA in the UK). • If they recommend that the drug be licensed, the other member states then either agree or object. If everyone a ...
Introduction
... discomfort for the patient.7 It also increases both intraocular and intracranial pressure; however, these effects are transient and clinically unimportant. 7 Furthermore, succinylcholine also has been observed to induce histamine release which may result in transient hypotension and bronchospasm. 5, ...
... discomfort for the patient.7 It also increases both intraocular and intracranial pressure; however, these effects are transient and clinically unimportant. 7 Furthermore, succinylcholine also has been observed to induce histamine release which may result in transient hypotension and bronchospasm. 5, ...
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, ""breath, life, soul""; φάρμακον, pharmakon, ""drug""; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior. It is distinguished from neuropsychopharmacology, which emphasizes the correlation between drug-induced changes in the functioning of cells in the nervous system and changes in consciousness and behavior.The field of psychopharmacology studies a wide range of substances with various types of psychoactive properties, focusing primarily on the chemical interactions with the brain.Psychoactive drugs interact with particular target sites or receptors found in the nervous system to induce widespread changes in physiological or psychological functions. The specific interaction between drugs and their receptors is referred to as ""drug action"", and the widespread changes in physiological or psychological function is referred to as ""drug effect"". These drugs may originate from natural sources such as plants and animals, or from artificial sources such as chemical synthesis in the laboratory.