0312HoSt4Gomtraic - Golem
... into account. Each peak is the record of a single HXR photon. Its amplitude is proportional to the ...
... into account. Each peak is the record of a single HXR photon. Its amplitude is proportional to the ...
The Electron Charge-to-Mass Ratio Equipment The experiment and
... The Electron Charge-to-Mass Ratio Equipment This experiment investigates the path of an electron in a magnetic field. The apparatus consists of an electron gun contained within a helium filled tube. The cathode and anode are connected to a variable voltage supply ranging between 100-300 volts. The c ...
... The Electron Charge-to-Mass Ratio Equipment This experiment investigates the path of an electron in a magnetic field. The apparatus consists of an electron gun contained within a helium filled tube. The cathode and anode are connected to a variable voltage supply ranging between 100-300 volts. The c ...
phys586-lec04
... Photocathodes The important process in the photocathode is the photoelectric effect ...
... Photocathodes The important process in the photocathode is the photoelectric effect ...
Photomultiplier
Photomultiplier tubes (photomultipliers or PMTs for short), members of the class of vacuum tubes, and more specifically vacuum phototubes, are extremely sensitive detectors of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. These detectors multiply the current produced by incident light by as much as 100 million times (i.e., 160 dB), in multiple dynode stages, enabling (for example) individual photons to be detected when the incident flux of light is very low. Unlike most vacuum tubes, they are not obsolete.The combination of high gain, low noise, high frequency response or, equivalently, ultra-fast response, and large area of collection has maintained photomultipliers an essential place in nuclear and particle physics, astronomy, medical diagnostics including blood tests, medical imaging, motion picture film scanning (telecine), radar jamming, and high-end image scanners known as drum scanners. Elements of photomultiplier technology, when integrated differently, are the basis of night vision devices.Semiconductor devices, particularly avalanche photodiodes, are alternatives to photomultipliers; however, photomultipliers are uniquely well-suited for applications requiring low-noise, high-sensitivity detection of light that is imperfectly collimated.