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The Characteristics of English Linking Adverbials
The Characteristics of English Linking Adverbials

... and Jill. The second sort involves a more complex relationship between the units being joined, where one is thought to be dependent on another. ( Finch, 2000: 91). A major difference between coordination and subordination of clauses is that the information in subordinate clauses is not asserted, but ...
Gerundive Nominals and The Role of Aspect
Gerundive Nominals and The Role of Aspect

... I will show that gerunds and non-gerundive derived nominals differ in their ability to refer to different types of events. In order to do that, I will digress briefly to clarify the distinction between facts and events. Then, I will show that it is a property of the event from the verbal domain, asp ...
Syntactic, semantic and phonological factors determining the
Syntactic, semantic and phonological factors determining the

... hierarchy of functional projections, from which both the relative order and the relative scope of preverbal adverbs can be derived. What this theory could not account for in a straightforward manner is the postverbal occurrence of all adverb types. Cinque (1999) only allows a subset of adverbs (e.g. ...
table of contents - Università degli Studi di Verona
table of contents - Università degli Studi di Verona

... nominalizing affix with a base verb. Specifically, action nominals are headed by suffixes conventionally named as "transpositional" in the linguistic literature (cf. Beard, 1995 for such definition), because they simply transpose the verbal meaning into a semantically equivalent lexeme of category N ...
The semantics of existence
The semantics of existence

... In philosophy, there are two opposing views on existence. On one view, existence is a univocal concept and closely tied to existential quantification and counting. If there is one thing and there is another thing, even of a very different kind, then there are two things. On the other view, things of ...
A Nambikwaran Language
A Nambikwaran Language

... about one hundred and forty speakers, only three are native speakers and less than ten people (including Indians of other ethnic groups) master the language (in various degrees of proficiency). The objective of this study is to offer a general description of the Sabanê language, based on word lists, ...
chapter 3 - UM Students` Repository
chapter 3 - UM Students` Repository

... Myanmar sentences used by native speakers in real situations are hardly the same basic and standard ones that are used in academic and formal environments such as language classes. In Myanmar, a real clause initiates with a massive combinations of closely packed information embedded in bundles and c ...
Syntax in Functional Grammar: An Introduction to
Syntax in Functional Grammar: An Introduction to

... language wording. Yet a change, for example, in the social role we are playing or in who we are talking to will typically prompt us to alter, sometimes quite significantly, the actual form of words we use. Indeed, it is by the selection not just of lexical items but also of grammatical structures th ...
Unit 5 - Sullivan County Department Of Education
Unit 5 - Sullivan County Department Of Education

... The plot of the story is about the seeds growing. In the beginning, Toad had a problem because his seeds wouldn’t grow. He tired different things to get them to grow, but in the end, the seeds just needed time to grow. Frog and Toad Together ...
Existence - Semantics Archive
Existence - Semantics Archive

... In (4a, b) the subject consists of a definite description formed, crucially, with an intentional verb, such as mention or think of. Such verbs appear to take intentional ‘nonexistent’ objects as arguments when the intentional act they describe is not successful, and these entities appear to be the o ...
On the Semantics of Existence Predicates
On the Semantics of Existence Predicates

... that it fails to account for the fact that exist is a stative verb, whereas occur is an eventive verb. It is remarkable that in natural languages there is generally no stative existence predicate of events, even though ‘extension in time’ appears to be a state. English occur clearly is an eventive v ...
Minimalist Syntax Revisited
Minimalist Syntax Revisited

... content, content words often (though not always) have antonyms (i.e. ‘opposites’) – e.g. the adjective tall has the antonym short, the verb increase has the antonym decrease, and the preposition inside has the antonym outside: by contrast, a typical function word like e.g. the pronoun me has no obvi ...
Collins Easy Learning French Grammar
Collins Easy Learning French Grammar

... someone else about a question and introduced by a verb such as osk, tell or wonder, for example, He osked me whot the time wos; I wonder who he is. INFINITIVE the form of the verb with fo in front of it and without any endings added, for example, to wolk, to hove, to be, to go. Compare with base for ...
Finite control in Korean - Iowa Research Online
Finite control in Korean - Iowa Research Online

... finiteness and control in Korean. In particular, this thesis mainly argues that the currently established approach to Obligatory Control (OC), which is confined to PRO, is insufficient to account for OC in Korean and that controlled complements in Korean are finite clauses with null pronominal subje ...
Origins and development of adjectival passives in Spanish: A corpus
Origins and development of adjectival passives in Spanish: A corpus

... by estar ‘be. LOC’ plus past participles (estar + PP) in Spanish. Although nowadays this participial construction forms adjectival passives with a large subset of predicates, historical and synchronic evidence indicate that this situation has only ...
6 A-movement
6 A-movement

... There are traditionally said to be two different types of word, namely content words/contentives (= words which have substantive lexical content) on the one hand, and function words/functors (= words which essentially serve to mark grammatical properties) on the other. The differences between the tw ...
Master TOEFL Writing Skills
Master TOEFL Writing Skills

... presents the personal view of the author—you. In the fourth and last section of the TOEFL, you will write an essay about a topic that will be assigned to you. You will have 30 minutes to write a three- to five-paragraph essay on that topic. You must write on the topic you are assigned. An essay on a ...
Collins CoBUILD Grammar
Collins CoBUILD Grammar

... as 'concept building', 'making up messages', and 'reporting what someone said'. Each of these functions is regularly expressed in English by one particular structure. For example, concept building is usually expressed structures built around a noun, called noun groups; messages are very often expres ...
Case Selection for the Direct Object in Russian Negative Clauses. Part
Case Selection for the Direct Object in Russian Negative Clauses. Part

... As stylistic factors seem to have an influence on case usage, it is important that the material should contain typologically different texts. We selected texts representing four styles (cf. Zasorina 1977): plays, prose fiction, journalistic texts, and scholarly texts (for further details, see 1.4. b ...
Canonical Forms of Idioms in Online Dictionaries - UKM e
Canonical Forms of Idioms in Online Dictionaries - UKM e

... individual expressions are to be considered as variations rather than as separate expressions with coincidentally the same meaning and with some lexis in common”. The fixedness of idioms should not necessarily be taken for granted and variant forms do exist, although “variants are embellishments, ad ...
Structural Classification of English Modals
Structural Classification of English Modals

... English relies on modal expressions more than many languages and possesses a vast complexity of mood and modal forms. While there may be much debate as to which moods are or are not present in English usage, there is little to deny that mood plays an integral role in the meaning and structure of utt ...
Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction
Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction

... So, if modern grammarians don’t worry about split infinitives and the like, then what do they study? It turns out that human languages are amazingly complex systems, whose inner workings can be investigated in large part simply by consulting the intuitions of native speakers. We employ this techniqu ...
existence - Semantics Archive
existence - Semantics Archive

... views about that notion can be found throughout the history of philosophy. While some philosophers think that notions of existence and ontological commitment can and perhaps should be pursued independently of the linguistic form of the relevant sentences, the linguistic form of statements of existen ...
Phrases
Phrases

... If you do not need the phrase to make the meaning clear, and changing the appositive does not affect the basic point of the sentence, it is an nonessential appositive and requires ...
Kristine Eide
Kristine Eide

... The aim of this thesis is to describe the change in Portuguese word order with unaccusative verbs from a predominantly Verb – Subject (henceforth VS) pattern to a predominantly Subject – Verb (henceforth SV) pattern that took place between the 16th and the 20th century. It will be shown that a chang ...
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Old English grammar

The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the hypothetical Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including characteristically Germanic constructions such as the umlaut.Among living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages; to a lesser extent, the Old English inflectional system is similar to that of modern High German.Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms.The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular; it could typically be replaced by the dative. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite verbs agreed with their subject in person and number.Nouns came in numerous declensions (with deep parallels in Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit). Verbs came in nine main conjugations (seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated in only two tenses (vs. the six ""tenses"" – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice (although it did still exist in Gothic).The grammatical gender of a given noun does not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne (the Sun) was feminine, se mōna (the Moon) was masculine, and þæt wīf ""the woman/wife"" was neuter. (Compare modern German die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib.) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when it conflicted.
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