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Lisa filled water into the cup: The roles of
Lisa filled water into the cup: The roles of

... Goldberg 2011, Goldberg 2011) have found evidence for this effect. The third mechanism that learners seem to use to acquire verbs’ argument structure restrictions is fit between verb and construction semantics. There exist both class-based and more probabilistic versions of this account (e.g. Pinker ...
Cuing a new grammar
Cuing a new grammar

... Our nineteenth-century predecessors developed linguistics as a distinct discipline and they were concerned exclusively with language change. They thought of texts as the essential reality and took languages to be entities “out there,” existing in their own right, waiting to be acquired by groups of ...
5 Morphology and Word Formation
5 Morphology and Word Formation

... distinguish the two.] However, because of its long and complex history, English (like all languages) has many irregular forms, which may be irregular in a variety of ways. First, irregular words may use different inflections than regular ones: for example, the modern past participle inflection of ...
Noun clauses in the Greek New Testament: a statistical study
Noun clauses in the Greek New Testament: a statistical study

... identity; in structure they stand in explanation of or in apposition to the pronoun, in function they represent that part of the sentence occupied by the antecedent. In this secondary sense these clauses function like the various classes of noun clauses already described. Some (18) are explanatory o ...
Chapter 35: Uses of the Dative Case Chapter 35 covers the
Chapter 35: Uses of the Dative Case Chapter 35 covers the

... Latin exactly, or in some cases, even closely. Chapter 35 focuses on one type of Latin idiom, those involving the dative case, in particular, ten very common verbs which expect dative objects (technically, indirect objects), not accusative ones, even though the English verbs most often used to trans ...
Chapter 3 Introduction to phrases & clauses
Chapter 3 Introduction to phrases & clauses

... to mean “one thing inside another thing.” • The example on page 38 involves a noun phrase inside a prepositional phrase: – … [by [the opposition]] – The brackets end up being double sets of brackets to show that the preposition has a noun phrase in its object • Noun phrase: the opposition • Preposit ...
Study Notes - Series 3 - Episode 5
Study Notes - Series 3 - Episode 5

... Deconstruction of nominal groups Nominal groups are important because they provide the subject matter or content of your essay. Here is a topic sentence from a sample IELTS Writing Task 2 essay addressing the topic of recycling. Community response to the importance of disposing of waste materials r ...
The use of finite automata in the lexical representation of natural
The use of finite automata in the lexical representation of natural

... These graphs do not provide a complete representation of the forms of the family. There are in fact more simple words associated to the subgroup of the verb franciser (to make something French) which must be conjugated, yielding about 40 new forms; the noun Franfais (Frenchman or Frenchmen) and the ...
Slide 62 Daily Oral Language
Slide 62 Daily Oral Language

... • Some nouns have the same singular and plural form: fish-fish. • Other nouns have a spelling change: mouse-mice. • Form the plural of some nouns ending in f or fe by changing the f or fe to ve and add es: wife-wives, wolf-wolves. • Add –s to most nouns that end in f and ff: roof-roofs, sheriffsheri ...
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N Ways of Analyzing Syntactic Variation 2

... neglected until recently is the fact that both analysts and users are mostly oblivious to it. In order to go beyond the handful of syntactic variables hitherto identified, and obtain a more aggregate view of syntactic variation in Dutch, we use the bottom-up technology pioneered in Bannard & Calliso ...
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MODES OF LINGUISTIC COMMUNICATION

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Semantic context influences memory for verbs more than memory for

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... where” was explained as shown below: Example: The Earth may eventually reach a stage where humanity will end itself. As can be seen, the adjective pronoun “where” is not used only after place names (e.g.: school, Ankara, their house, etc.). You can also use it when modifying nouns like: “position”, ...
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... relationships by adding affixes. For example, English is an inflectional language. We have the affix –s/-es to indicate the third person singular, -ing to indicate a progressive aspect, etc. The suffix that is added to a word to indicate some grammatical function is then called inflective ending. ...
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... In all of the above sentences, the first word, which is a noun, is the subject. It is doing an action. The second word is that action. So all of the sentences above consist of a subject & a verb. A clause, very simply, is a group of words containing a subject & a verb. A sentence is therefore a clau ...
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grammar review study guide
grammar review study guide

... Singular Indefinite Pronouns: everyone, someone, anyone, no one, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, each, either, neither These pronouns are called indefinite because they don’t refer to a specific person. Most important they are all singular. It seems as if the word everyone would be plural beca ...
Unit 3 Part 2
Unit 3 Part 2

... Verbs: Words that name an action or describe a state of being (run, seem) Adjectives: Words that describe nouns and pronouns (red, more, second, several) Adverbs: Words that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (yesterday, below, happily, partly) Prepositions: Words that link a noun or prono ...
Latin 3 Honors – Woo-Hoo! Nomen Dr. McGay Review for Midterm
Latin 3 Honors – Woo-Hoo! Nomen Dr. McGay Review for Midterm

... The 3 ways in English to translate the Latin present tense: verb(s), is/are verbing, do(es) verb. Subject and verb (ending) agreement. A singular subject must have a singular verb ending; a plural subject must have a plural verb ending. The difference in the endings & meaning of active and passive v ...
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Development of the Term Hedges

... Introductory phrases can be realized through phrases such as: I believe, to our knowledge, it is our view that, we feel that, which express the author’s personal doubt and direct involvement. Example: We believe that the chronic fatigue syndrome reflects a complex interaction of several factors. The ...
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Writing

... Cohesion across paragraphs is clear using repetition of a word or phrase, adverbials (on the other hand, in contrast or as a consequence) or ellipsis. Controlled use of a wide range of organisational and presentational devices, such as headings, subheadings, columns, bullets and tables is evident. N ...
Specialized converbs and adverbial subordination in Axaxdərə
Specialized converbs and adverbial subordination in Axaxdərə

... Personal pronouns have an irregular inflection but show the same case distinctions as nouns, and the distinction between three spatial cases applies to locative adverbs too. There are two possible constructions for NP coordination: either “NP1-k’ena NP2”, where -k’ena is the suffix of the comitative ...
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Old English grammar

The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the hypothetical Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including characteristically Germanic constructions such as the umlaut.Among living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages; to a lesser extent, the Old English inflectional system is similar to that of modern High German.Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms.The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular; it could typically be replaced by the dative. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite verbs agreed with their subject in person and number.Nouns came in numerous declensions (with deep parallels in Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit). Verbs came in nine main conjugations (seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated in only two tenses (vs. the six ""tenses"" – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice (although it did still exist in Gothic).The grammatical gender of a given noun does not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne (the Sun) was feminine, se mōna (the Moon) was masculine, and þæt wīf ""the woman/wife"" was neuter. (Compare modern German die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib.) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when it conflicted.
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