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GUIDE TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR
GUIDE TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR

... A dependent clause, on the other hand, is a group of words which may contain both a subject and a verb; however, it cannot stand alone since it depends on the independent clause to give it meaning. In the following examples of dependent clauses, the subjects are in boldface while the verbs are under ...
Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar Reference Guide
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... © Oxford University Press 2015 ...
Causative verbs - Dewi Ratna Yulianingsih
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... A. State whether the sentences below are correct or incorrect. 1. The teacher made John to leave the class. 2. Ellen got Marley paint the wall. 3. The policeman made the robber lie on the ground. 4. Maria had Gene prepare the meal. 5. We have to have our children to study hard. B. Choose the correct ...
Chapter 9 Moving verbs in agrammatic production
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... languages in which the bare verb (verb + zero inflection) is a well-formed existing word, yet agrammatics do not use it, or prefer a suffixed infinitive over it. Apparently this is the case in German, Dutch and Icelandic, where the bare verb is used in some singular imperatives and singular present ...
Grammar Practice #11 (DO and IOs)
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... 3. There are two nouns or pronouns after the action verb – “both” and “souvenirs” 4. The “souvenirs” are what was purchased 5. “souvenirs” is the direct object. (the lack of a coordinate conjunction between “both” and “souvenirs” made it clear that there were not two direct objects.) 6. “both” (of u ...
Chapter one Invitations to Linguistics
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... Ideally, our goal in this chapter would be set forth a set of rules so precise that they would account for all of the sentences that are grammatical in Pohnpeian and exclude all of those that are ungrammatical. The two general types of sentences: verbal and equational sentences will be discussed at ...
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... Misspelling of proper nouns in the case of a person's name or a town or place other than a country should be tolerated E.g. ...com o Guilerme = 1. ...da Inglatera = 1. Allow the use of tu, você or the addressee's name in informal letters. In the case of inconsistencies reward the most frequently use ...
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... slot (i) can appear only if none of the prepositive connectives occurs in the initial position. Prepositive connectives are: Hittite: nu, ta, su; Luvian: a-; Hier. Luvian: a-, nu; Palaic: a-, nu; Lycian: me, se (the latter also used for coordination between NP’s); Lydian: fak, nak, ak (compounded wi ...
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... Modification is a somewhat technical term in linguistics. It does not mean to change something, as when we "modify" a car or dress. To modify means to limit, restrict, characterize, or otherwise focus meaning. We use this meaning throughout the discussion here. Modifiers before the noun are called p ...
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... 0. Because Maria practices every day she is a great snowboarder. 00. Maria is a great snowboarder because she practices every day. 1. Because snowboarding is easy to learn it is very popular. 2. You should get the right equipment if you are interested in snowboarding. 3. After testing lots of boards ...
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... Pronouns take the place of nouns in sentences. Pronouns work in sentences the same way as nouns. Pronouns are used so that nouns are not repeated. A pronoun generally refers back to a noun that was written earlier. There are many different kinds of pronouns. Each kind has different forms and rules f ...
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... article. This practice helps the brain prepare itself by starting to think about vocabulary related to the subject. Here's an example: ...
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... may), all developed from verbs. Will, which now indicates future tense, developed from a verb, willan, which meant 'to want'; can came from a verb, cunnan, meaning 'to be acquainted with or to know how to'; may came from a verb, magan, meaning 'to be able to, to have the power.' Could and might deve ...
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... Using Adjectives and Adverbs Adjectives and adverbs are words that modify or qualify the meanings of other words. Adjectives describe, identify, or quantify nouns or pronouns; adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or clauses. Adjectives tell us “which one,” “what kind of,” or “how many” a ...
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... This little lecture is about verbals in English. Verbals are words that are formed from verbs, but are used in some other way. Some verbals are used as adjectives, while other verbals are used as nouns or adverbs. There are three types of verbals – participles, gerunds, and infinitives. ...
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... Full Infinitive or Infinitive with to (1) The infinitive with to is used:  After certain verbs which can be followed by to-infinitive or by a noun or pronoun in the accusative plus a to infinitive, that is, the structure can be verb + toinfinitive: I want to go to the pictures, or verb + object + ...
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... 1. The man who is sitting there is a clown. The man sitting there is a clown. 2. The city which was destroyed during the war has now ...
semantic constraints on the caused-motion construction
semantic constraints on the caused-motion construction

... The Lexical Constructional Model is a recent approach to meaning construction developed by Ruiz de Mendoza and Mairal (1997ab) with a view to making productive connections between projectionist and constructional approaches to the relationship between lexicon and grammar. In general, the projectioni ...
phrase toolbox
phrase toolbox

... Infinitive phrases are easy top spot. They always start with the word “to” plus a verb; for example, to swim, to love, to quit, to ride, etc. The word “to” plus a verb is called an infinitive. Infinitive phrases include the infinitive and any words or phrases that modify the infinitive. Infinitive p ...
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... used, though not always appropriate Increased range of words used; any repetition is for effect and not paucity of vocabulary choices. Some usage may still jar on the ear. ...
at this moment
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... the lunar month *the moon’s month *the month of the moon *the moon month the solar year *the sun’s year *the year of the sun ?*the sun year ...
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Old English grammar

The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the hypothetical Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including characteristically Germanic constructions such as the umlaut.Among living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages; to a lesser extent, the Old English inflectional system is similar to that of modern High German.Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms.The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular; it could typically be replaced by the dative. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite verbs agreed with their subject in person and number.Nouns came in numerous declensions (with deep parallels in Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit). Verbs came in nine main conjugations (seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated in only two tenses (vs. the six ""tenses"" – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice (although it did still exist in Gothic).The grammatical gender of a given noun does not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne (the Sun) was feminine, se mōna (the Moon) was masculine, and þæt wīf ""the woman/wife"" was neuter. (Compare modern German die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib.) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when it conflicted.
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