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CHAPTER 2 PREDICATION IN UZBEK AND KAZAKH Before any
CHAPTER 2 PREDICATION IN UZBEK AND KAZAKH Before any

... necessary to understand the processes that create complete predicates from verbs and other lexical categories. Predication occurs in a similar fashion in most of the Turkic languages; the statements made here about Kazakh and Uzbek can be applied to most other members of the family as well. Predicat ...
teaching english clause structure
teaching english clause structure

... (iv) in apposition: The rumour that he will be transferred is totally unfounded, (v) as adjective complement: I'm certain that conditions will improve. with 'wh-word' (i) as subject: How he will make out is no business of yours, (ii) as object: I can't understand how he can tolerate such impertinenc ...
The linguistic string parser*
The linguistic string parser*

... tactic categories (noun, tensed verb, etc.) a set of elementary strings and rules for combining the elementary strings to form sentence strings. The simplest sentences consist of just one elementary string, called a center string. Examples of center strings are noun tensed-verb, such as "Tapes stret ...
Computer-aided armchair linguistics
Computer-aided armchair linguistics

... House for the Blind, representing a 25,000,000 word collection of edited written American English. The number of risk sentences was 1743. Since I have been working on a method of semantic description which emphasizes the background conceptual structures for describing word meanings, 5 the first thi ...
tv - Cyco
tv - Cyco

... The purpose of this book is twofold; first, I want to Introduce students to the spoken language rather than textbookese. Each unit, therefore, contains a conversation on a common topic such as health, clothing, food, work, holidays, etc., and the basic vocabulary to discuss this topic. A good number ...
Proving Your Point: It`s Not Just What You Say. It`s
Proving Your Point: It`s Not Just What You Say. It`s

... Diaphora is the repetition of a name, first to signify the person or persons it describes, then to signify its meaning. ...
On how to write rules in Constraint Grammar (CG-3) Eckhard Bick
On how to write rules in Constraint Grammar (CG-3) Eckhard Bick

... be used by many different rules, or even in other templates. ➢ (a) Templates can be in the form of generative constituent templates, with a dummy 0 or ? position ➢ TEMPLATE np = (? ART LINK 1 N) OR (? ART LINK 1 ADJ LINK 1 N) referenced as (*1 VFIN LINK *1 T:np) or (-1 T:np) ➢ note that the final in ...
Here - plaza
Here - plaza

... Aymara also has ways to turn nouns into verbs and verbs into nouns. These two processes are called: – verbalization (a noun becomes –and acts like– a verb) – nominalization (a verb becomes –and acts like– a noun) Sometimes this happens more than once in a single word, like Akankiritwa, (“I am from h ...
Nominalization in Yami*
Nominalization in Yami*

... There has not been any systematic treatment of nominalization in Yami, although discussions of related Philippine languages have suggested features which could be explored. For example, there is no clear-cut division between indicative verbs and nominalization in Tagalog (English 1986, Ramos 1971a, ...
The Case of Old English HRĒOW
The Case of Old English HRĒOW

... argument for including compounding along with affixation under the heading of derivation, at least in Old English. Secondly, although I use the term zero derivation given that it is firmly established in standard morphological terminology, a word of caution is necessary. The structuralist tradition ...
JoL-submission #1016 - Munin
JoL-submission #1016 - Munin

... of research that we pursue in this paper is to show that both kinds of nominals can receive the same analysis, as their differences derive from independent properties of the verbal base they combine with; more specifically, the differences derive from Aktionsart. The relevant data are presented in § ...
English non-finite participial clauses as seen through their Czech
English non-finite participial clauses as seen through their Czech

... 4. The counterparts of English participial clauses The Czech correspondences of English participial clauses were classified primarily into congruent and divergent counterparts (Johansson 2007: 23-26). The congruent correspondences comprise Czech constructions which display the same degree of syntact ...
Working with VERBALS: Participles / infinitives / gerunds
Working with VERBALS: Participles / infinitives / gerunds

... Prepared?" button at the bottom of this page to see the answers. 1. The thief arrested for the robbery shot at the security guard. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive 2. The flag waving in the wind is inspirational. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive 3. They are sure the extra planning will mak ...
09 Joachim Mugdan - Hermes
09 Joachim Mugdan - Hermes

... forms. He may be able to locate the relevant part of the entry more quickly if the articles are subdivided according to syntactic criteria - provided he can identify the construction in which the item occurs. Similarly, homographs that belong to different word classes (e.g. book as a noun or a verb) ...
Shannon Luster
Shannon Luster

... Narrative essay assignment: Write a myth in the style of the Native American literature; in-class writing In-class writing: Narrative Essay (Essay due on Friday) ...
ppt
ppt

... responded “yes” (just like adults would). This suggests that young children’s previous issues with interpreting these kinds of questions stems from an issue in the experimental setup. Specifically, children are sensitive to the pragmatics of asking a question (don’t ask if it’s obvious). If a questi ...
11 UNIT Pronouns
11 UNIT Pronouns

... Few know (his, their) craft as well as Daedalus. No one (is, are) more pleased than King Minos. Although many try, no one (escapes, escape) the king’s maze. Everything (changes, change) when Daedalus tells the secret. At last someone finds (his or her, their) way out. Some of the readers (knows, kno ...
ppt
ppt

... “yes” (just like adults would). This suggests that young children’s previous issues with interpreting these kinds of questions stems from an issue in the experimental setup. Specifically, children are sensitive to the pragmatics of asking a question (don’t ask if it’s obvious). If a question violate ...
DEPENDENT CLAUSES
DEPENDENT CLAUSES

... clauses that act as big adverbs. Adverb clauses usually begin with subordinating conjunctions. ...
Internet Based Grammar Teaching
Internet Based Grammar Teaching

... Word based tags (after, under, over , indexed or - as colour code - "inside" the words in question, with or without underlining, in the form of abbreviations or symbols) are paedagogically intuitive and close to "basic" grammar, - not only for marking word class, but also in syntax, as can be told ...
The Layered Structure of Syntactic VV Compounds in
The Layered Structure of Syntactic VV Compounds in

... Projections to which adjuncts are adjoined should differ depending on the meaning they express. Manner adverbs specify how the events described by the verbs take place, independently of agency, so I assume that manner adverbs are adjoined to AktP. The type oflocative PP that involves extraction from ...
Doc
Doc

... 2. “-ing” Fragments Example: Her expertise being in chemistry and biology. How to find an “-ing” fragment: If the only verb in the sentence ends in ‘–ing’ and does not have a helping verb, you have a fragment. While the word ‘being’ is a verb, in the above sentence, it is not properly formed. In the ...
Avoiding Run-On Sentences, Comma Splices, and Fragments
Avoiding Run-On Sentences, Comma Splices, and Fragments

... 2. “-ing” Fragments Example: Her expertise being in chemistry and biology. How to find an “-ing” fragment: If the only verb in the sentence ends in ‘–ing’ and does not have a helping verb, you have a fragment. While the word ‘being’ is a verb, in the above sentence, it is not properly formed. In the ...
Comma Errors There are two kinds of comma errors: comma
Comma Errors There are two kinds of comma errors: comma

... nouns, verbs, prepositional phrases, adjective clauses, etc. The “buzzword” for this rule is ITEMS IN A SERIES. *NOTE THAT THERE IS A COMMA SEPARATING THE LAST TWO ITEMS. THIS SPECIFIC COMMA IS CALLED AN OXFORD COMMA.* *NOTE THAT POLYSYNDETON IS A RHETORICAL TECHNIQUE THAT EMPLOYS MANY COORDINATING ...
Theoretical course
Theoretical course

... Different from them, a teaching grammar is used to learn another language or dialect. Teaching grammars are used in school to fulfill language requirements. They can be helpful to persons who do not speak the standard or prestige dialect, but find it would be advantageous socially and economically t ...
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Esperanto grammar

For Esperanto morphology, see also Esperanto vocabularyEsperanto is a constructed auxiliary language. A highly regular grammar makes Esperanto much easier to learn than most other languages of the world, though particular features may be more or less advantageous or difficult depending on the language background of the learner. Parts of speech are immediately obvious, for example: Τhe suffix -o indicates a noun, -a an adjective, -as a present-tense verb, and so on for other grammatical functions. An extensive system of affixes may be freely combined with roots to generate vocabulary; and the rules of word formation are straightforward, allowing speakers to communicate with a much smaller root vocabulary than in most other languages. It is possible to communicate effectively with a vocabulary built upon 400 to 500 roots, though there are numerous specialized vocabularies for sciences, professions, and other activities. Reference grammars of the language include the Plena Analiza Gramatiko (English: Complete Analytical Grammar) by Kálmán Kalocsay and Gaston Waringhien, and the Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko (English: Complete Handbook of Esperanto Grammar) by Bertilo Wennergren.
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