Report of group II of the GU project in MT research
... nominal blocks centered around plural nominal forms or a severality of singular forms, or a combination of both, may serve as subjects only with plural predicates. (3) Predicate Block. The predicate block includes, in addition to the one or several verbs or verb substitutes*, the various possible de ...
... nominal blocks centered around plural nominal forms or a severality of singular forms, or a combination of both, may serve as subjects only with plural predicates. (3) Predicate Block. The predicate block includes, in addition to the one or several verbs or verb substitutes*, the various possible de ...
The Passé Composé with Etre
... MOST verbs use part of Avoir to form the passé composé. BUT one group of 14 verbs use the present tense of Etre instead. Here is that list ...
... MOST verbs use part of Avoir to form the passé composé. BUT one group of 14 verbs use the present tense of Etre instead. Here is that list ...
The ergative features of Papuan and Austronesian languages
... Hence, Drehu shows a mixture of semantically based marking2 and morphological based marking: in the past tense, nominal NPs are marked "according to their actual role in a given instance of use of a verb" ; with the perfective aspect, the argument marking is strictly ergative, whereas with the imper ...
... Hence, Drehu shows a mixture of semantically based marking2 and morphological based marking: in the past tense, nominal NPs are marked "according to their actual role in a given instance of use of a verb" ; with the perfective aspect, the argument marking is strictly ergative, whereas with the imper ...
An outline of Proto-Indo-European
... result, Indo-European developed a minimal vowel system combined with a very large consonant inventory including glottalized stops, also grammatical gender and adjectival agreement, an ergative construction which was lost again but has left its traces in the grammatical system, especially in the nomi ...
... result, Indo-European developed a minimal vowel system combined with a very large consonant inventory including glottalized stops, also grammatical gender and adjectival agreement, an ergative construction which was lost again but has left its traces in the grammatical system, especially in the nomi ...
preparation guide for the
... : Today’s discussion is about a common animal reaction – the yawn. The dictionary defines a yawn as “an involuntary reaction to fatigue or boredom.” That’s certainly true for human yawns. The same action can have quite different meanings in different species. For example, some animals yawn to intimi ...
... : Today’s discussion is about a common animal reaction – the yawn. The dictionary defines a yawn as “an involuntary reaction to fatigue or boredom.” That’s certainly true for human yawns. The same action can have quite different meanings in different species. For example, some animals yawn to intimi ...
Categorization and Category Change
... extent, classificatory criteria are language specific and must be defined for each language (or language family) separately. For instance, both French and Russian have an identifiable class of nouns, but French does not inflect its nouns for case and Russian does not introduce them with determiners. ...
... extent, classificatory criteria are language specific and must be defined for each language (or language family) separately. For instance, both French and Russian have an identifiable class of nouns, but French does not inflect its nouns for case and Russian does not introduce them with determiners. ...
The compound verbal modal predicate
... formalize our instinctive knowledge of our own language. Apart from professional linguists, however, few people study grammar as an end in itself. For many people, their first encounter with grammar comes when they try to learn a foreign language. In order to do this, it is essential to have some kn ...
... formalize our instinctive knowledge of our own language. Apart from professional linguists, however, few people study grammar as an end in itself. For many people, their first encounter with grammar comes when they try to learn a foreign language. In order to do this, it is essential to have some kn ...
Towards a structural typology of verb classes
... nominal arguments. (Verbs with zero valency are extremely rare – one possible semantic class of this kind are weather verbs, such as Latin pluit ‘it rains’, however, note that English uses here an expletive pronoun, which masks the verb to be intransitive.) Besides that, verbs are subclassified of w ...
... nominal arguments. (Verbs with zero valency are extremely rare – one possible semantic class of this kind are weather verbs, such as Latin pluit ‘it rains’, however, note that English uses here an expletive pronoun, which masks the verb to be intransitive.) Besides that, verbs are subclassified of w ...
Reciprocal markers in Adyghe, their relations and interactions
... The first two prefixes, viz. ze- and zere-, occupy the slot of one of the agreement affixes in the verb form, while other slots are occupied by agreement markers. The prefix ze- is used on subject-oriented “canonical”i reciprocals of two-place intransitive bases (cf. (24b)) and subject-oriented “ind ...
... The first two prefixes, viz. ze- and zere-, occupy the slot of one of the agreement affixes in the verb form, while other slots are occupied by agreement markers. The prefix ze- is used on subject-oriented “canonical”i reciprocals of two-place intransitive bases (cf. (24b)) and subject-oriented “ind ...
to-infinitive clauses
... Form -> word classes ( noun, adjective, verb, etc..), phrases (NP, AP, VP, etc..) clauses (matrix clause, subordinate clause) sentences ...
... Form -> word classes ( noun, adjective, verb, etc..), phrases (NP, AP, VP, etc..) clauses (matrix clause, subordinate clause) sentences ...
world language curriculum - Immaculateheartacademy.org
... Discuss what they and others do on their free time using regular –ar verbs. Express what they and others like to do during their leisure time. Talk about doing things with someone else, using con, conmigo, contigo. Use the word “que” to express that, which or who. Use the verb “estar” to tell where ...
... Discuss what they and others do on their free time using regular –ar verbs. Express what they and others like to do during their leisure time. Talk about doing things with someone else, using con, conmigo, contigo. Use the word “que” to express that, which or who. Use the verb “estar” to tell where ...
(2005). Some thoughts on Balto-Finnic passives and impersonals
... The preverbal position in an Estonian impersonal passive may remain empty, or be filled by various kinds of elements, including the underlying object (7c) or a locative/temporal adverbial (8c) – we will return to this in section 3. In contrast to personal passives (7b), the preverbal element in an i ...
... The preverbal position in an Estonian impersonal passive may remain empty, or be filled by various kinds of elements, including the underlying object (7c) or a locative/temporal adverbial (8c) – we will return to this in section 3. In contrast to personal passives (7b), the preverbal element in an i ...
EN - English Grammar for the Utterly Confused
... any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incide ...
... any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incide ...
Towards a structural typology of verb classes
... some items seem to be wrongly classified: nouns such as journey, war, and game denote events rather than objects, while verbs such as resemble, exist, be above, and be tall do not denote events. One point to be made here is that some languages (such as English) in addition to verbs and nouns also ha ...
... some items seem to be wrongly classified: nouns such as journey, war, and game denote events rather than objects, while verbs such as resemble, exist, be above, and be tall do not denote events. One point to be made here is that some languages (such as English) in addition to verbs and nouns also ha ...
The Coming and Going of `Lexical Prefixes` in Siraya
... can be preceded by ta but not by ki (which does not appear if a human referent is in oblique case). It does co-occur with the locative suffix -an (often palatalised to -än). The suffix -an/-än marks locative case on pronouns and on nouns with a human referent. There is a nominative, locative, obliqu ...
... can be preceded by ta but not by ki (which does not appear if a human referent is in oblique case). It does co-occur with the locative suffix -an (often palatalised to -än). The suffix -an/-än marks locative case on pronouns and on nouns with a human referent. There is a nominative, locative, obliqu ...
NLPA-Syntax
... WHOLE NP the angry men with their black banners, whereas if I say They banged the van with their black banners and you reply Yes, they banged it really hard, the pronoun it refers only to the van. The final kind of phrase I want to consider is less obvious (to me anyway). Consider the sentence Caref ...
... WHOLE NP the angry men with their black banners, whereas if I say They banged the van with their black banners and you reply Yes, they banged it really hard, the pronoun it refers only to the van. The final kind of phrase I want to consider is less obvious (to me anyway). Consider the sentence Caref ...
Year 8 Tracking dates and course content Winter term
... using ‘c’était’ with opinion adjectives using sequencing words ( first of all, then ) using qualifiers with adjectives ( very, quite ) Subtopic : The perfect tense Skills : understanding sentences written in the past tense using ‘visiter’ in the perfect (past) tense using other ER verbs in the perfe ...
... using ‘c’était’ with opinion adjectives using sequencing words ( first of all, then ) using qualifiers with adjectives ( very, quite ) Subtopic : The perfect tense Skills : understanding sentences written in the past tense using ‘visiter’ in the perfect (past) tense using other ER verbs in the perfe ...
Elena Mihas - Italian Journal of Linguistics
... Perené paratactic subordinate clauses, which cover a range of complement, relative, and adverbial relations, are syntactically adjoined and grammatically independent, as in they inject us with medicine, we die [when/if/after/ because they inject us with medicine, we die]. Such examples are identifie ...
... Perené paratactic subordinate clauses, which cover a range of complement, relative, and adverbial relations, are syntactically adjoined and grammatically independent, as in they inject us with medicine, we die [when/if/after/ because they inject us with medicine, we die]. Such examples are identifie ...
phrasal verbs with the particles down and up in english and their
... their translation equivalents and elaborate on certain shifts in aspect, aktionsart, and levels of idiomaticity. Therefore, a contrastive analysis of the phrasal verbs with the particles down and up and their translation equivalents in the Serbian language is presented in the paper. The main aim of ...
... their translation equivalents and elaborate on certain shifts in aspect, aktionsart, and levels of idiomaticity. Therefore, a contrastive analysis of the phrasal verbs with the particles down and up and their translation equivalents in the Serbian language is presented in the paper. The main aim of ...
Syntactic overview
... is not a syntactic category term comparable to ‘clause’, ‘noun phrase’, ‘verb phrase’, etc., and does not figure in our constituent structure representations. Most work in formal grammar makes the opposite choice and uses sentence (abbreviated S) rather than clause in constituent structure represent ...
... is not a syntactic category term comparable to ‘clause’, ‘noun phrase’, ‘verb phrase’, etc., and does not figure in our constituent structure representations. Most work in formal grammar makes the opposite choice and uses sentence (abbreviated S) rather than clause in constituent structure represent ...
Pronouns - MGLVA
... words that follow necessary to the meaning of the sentence. The Internet service provider that installed our ...
... words that follow necessary to the meaning of the sentence. The Internet service provider that installed our ...
Cognate objects in Vietnamese transitive verbs
... something by means of chopsticks) and another group is represented by da (kick). In the former, the CO occurs as a single internal argument; in the latter, the CO occurs as a first NP in a ditransitive verb. 2.2.1.1 The 'gap' group This group includes verbs which in turn, fall into two subcategories ...
... something by means of chopsticks) and another group is represented by da (kick). In the former, the CO occurs as a single internal argument; in the latter, the CO occurs as a first NP in a ditransitive verb. 2.2.1.1 The 'gap' group This group includes verbs which in turn, fall into two subcategories ...
The message in the navel: (ir)realisness in Swahili
... sign—and message—conceptual content that is inferrable from a combination of linguistic meanings and contextual and pragmatic information. Looked at from this point of view, there is no form in Swahili that explicitly signals the meaning ‘realis’; instead the message that an event or state of affair ...
... sign—and message—conceptual content that is inferrable from a combination of linguistic meanings and contextual and pragmatic information. Looked at from this point of view, there is no form in Swahili that explicitly signals the meaning ‘realis’; instead the message that an event or state of affair ...
Jennifer Arnold Thesis, spring 1992 Swarthmore College Dr.
... words such as "ldidawy" (he/she/it works) are pronounced ,lkoo8awi/, which doesn't include a glide at the end. I have dispensed with the Unified y-i rule in my own orthography, using "y" only to mark a glide, and using "i" otherwise. All cited examples will be also translated from the alphabet of th ...
... words such as "ldidawy" (he/she/it works) are pronounced ,lkoo8awi/, which doesn't include a glide at the end. I have dispensed with the Unified y-i rule in my own orthography, using "y" only to mark a glide, and using "i" otherwise. All cited examples will be also translated from the alphabet of th ...
Omission of the primary verbs BE and HAVE in - (BORA)
... Labov 1972a & 1972b, Trudgill 1974, Macaulay 1977). Descriptions of the effect age differences have on linguistic variation are less common. Some linguists (eg Cheshire 1982b, Eckert 1988, Romaine 1984) observe that certain linguistic features are typical of teenage speech. However, no variety of sp ...
... Labov 1972a & 1972b, Trudgill 1974, Macaulay 1977). Descriptions of the effect age differences have on linguistic variation are less common. Some linguists (eg Cheshire 1982b, Eckert 1988, Romaine 1984) observe that certain linguistic features are typical of teenage speech. However, no variety of sp ...