The Reduced Relative Clause: A Misnomer?
... participles convey an uncompleted action and so are interpreted as occurring simultaneously with the time referred to by the matrix verb. Unreduced relatives can only be interpreted „deictically‟. This is why sentences such as (9b) and (9d) are perfectly acceptable. Relative to the moment of speakin ...
... participles convey an uncompleted action and so are interpreted as occurring simultaneously with the time referred to by the matrix verb. Unreduced relatives can only be interpreted „deictically‟. This is why sentences such as (9b) and (9d) are perfectly acceptable. Relative to the moment of speakin ...
To be or not to be elided: VP ellipsis revisited
... A-Ha PERF PROG PASS mother put.up hair ‘A-Ha is having her hair put up (on her) by her mother.’ ...
... A-Ha PERF PROG PASS mother put.up hair ‘A-Ha is having her hair put up (on her) by her mother.’ ...
Complex Feature Values
... which we will call a head-complement phrase, must be specified as [COMPS h i], because that mother must satisfy the description on the left-hand side of the rule.4 In short, the COMPS list of a lexical entry specifies a word’s co-occurrence requirements; and the COMPS list of a phrasal node is empty ...
... which we will call a head-complement phrase, must be specified as [COMPS h i], because that mother must satisfy the description on the left-hand side of the rule.4 In short, the COMPS list of a lexical entry specifies a word’s co-occurrence requirements; and the COMPS list of a phrasal node is empty ...
Verb Meaning and the Lexicon: A First Phase Syntax
... features), but the complexity will reside in the extended functional sequence assumed in the syntax and the larger set of category features that implies. The other main point that I want to argue for in this book concerns the nature of the syntax-semantics interface. The basic combinatoric system of ...
... features), but the complexity will reside in the extended functional sequence assumed in the syntax and the larger set of category features that implies. The other main point that I want to argue for in this book concerns the nature of the syntax-semantics interface. The basic combinatoric system of ...
The Lord`s Prayer and Hail Mary
... longest part of this analysis, providing detailed studies of the individual words, organised alphabetically. Here I will discuss how these words relate to material that has been published earlier, and try to infer what history and etymology Tolkien may have imagined for the various words and element ...
... longest part of this analysis, providing detailed studies of the individual words, organised alphabetically. Here I will discuss how these words relate to material that has been published earlier, and try to infer what history and etymology Tolkien may have imagined for the various words and element ...
Life after PCFGs? 1 Problems with CFGs 2 CFGs and features
... In languages like German, Italian, Spanish, Czech, etc. agreement can be much more systematic. For example, while English has only a residue of agreement, in German, there are three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and two numbers (singular, plural) but they combine only into four classes (mas ...
... In languages like German, Italian, Spanish, Czech, etc. agreement can be much more systematic. For example, while English has only a residue of agreement, in German, there are three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and two numbers (singular, plural) but they combine only into four classes (mas ...
A Text-based Grammar for Expository Writing
... constructed. As the title, “Sentence Fundamentals for Expressing Ideas,” suggests, teaching students to identify clauses, subjects, and verbs is the basis for everything else that follows. By beginning there, students have a semester to master identifying these crucial elements and will practice ide ...
... constructed. As the title, “Sentence Fundamentals for Expressing Ideas,” suggests, teaching students to identify clauses, subjects, and verbs is the basis for everything else that follows. By beginning there, students have a semester to master identifying these crucial elements and will practice ide ...
Morphological phrasemes and Totonacan verbal morphology*
... (1c). In other words, these markers can be assigned specific individual mean ings, but when they come together, the meaning of the combination is different from the regular sum of these individual meanings. On the level of phrases (that is, multi-word expressions) this kind of treatment is routine ...
... (1c). In other words, these markers can be assigned specific individual mean ings, but when they come together, the meaning of the combination is different from the regular sum of these individual meanings. On the level of phrases (that is, multi-word expressions) this kind of treatment is routine ...
infinitive clauses - E
... AgrS0 head. The absence of n't correlates with the absence of Agr features. The functional structure assumed for the upper English clause, namely AgrSP > NegP > TP ... correctly predicts the standard word order in negative infinitive clauses in (12). Since the infinitive Inflection lacks agreement f ...
... AgrS0 head. The absence of n't correlates with the absence of Agr features. The functional structure assumed for the upper English clause, namely AgrSP > NegP > TP ... correctly predicts the standard word order in negative infinitive clauses in (12). Since the infinitive Inflection lacks agreement f ...
Document
... e.g. The package is extremely large. We experienced relatively few difficulties. The adverbs ago and enough are exceptional, since they usually follow the adjectives or adverbs they modify. ...
... e.g. The package is extremely large. We experienced relatively few difficulties. The adverbs ago and enough are exceptional, since they usually follow the adjectives or adverbs they modify. ...
Any student of Russian as a foreign language has been faced with
... opposition to perfectivization, this process tends to use suffixes instead of prefixes. The suffixes involved are (hard and soft variants) -yvaj-/-ivaj-, -vaj-, and the unproductive -aj(Tikhonov, 1998: 18). Imperfectivization always forms pure aspectual pairs, because, unlike prefixes, the suffixes ...
... opposition to perfectivization, this process tends to use suffixes instead of prefixes. The suffixes involved are (hard and soft variants) -yvaj-/-ivaj-, -vaj-, and the unproductive -aj(Tikhonov, 1998: 18). Imperfectivization always forms pure aspectual pairs, because, unlike prefixes, the suffixes ...
Valence Creation and the German Applicative
... outside of the applicative construction; there is no transfer verb *haaren ('hair').2 The applicative predication in (3) denotes a transfer event of the type denoted by trivalent applicative verbs like laden ('load'), and yet the transfer implication cannot be attributed to the semantics of the base ...
... outside of the applicative construction; there is no transfer verb *haaren ('hair').2 The applicative predication in (3) denotes a transfer event of the type denoted by trivalent applicative verbs like laden ('load'), and yet the transfer implication cannot be attributed to the semantics of the base ...
some infinitive structures in asturian
... displaced in infinitive clauses by aspectual, modal o contrafactual senses. This gives an idea of the weakness of tense in infinitive clauses and, otherwise, correlates to a higher tendency to preverbal subjects, under the conditions mentioned above. Finally, togethe ...
... displaced in infinitive clauses by aspectual, modal o contrafactual senses. This gives an idea of the weakness of tense in infinitive clauses and, otherwise, correlates to a higher tendency to preverbal subjects, under the conditions mentioned above. Finally, togethe ...
The meaning of the English present participle
... In what follows, we aim to present a much more detailed picture of the meanings expressed by English present participles. At the same time, we develop a framework that can explain when and why different semantic effects arise. The core assumption is that the meaning of participles can be best unders ...
... In what follows, we aim to present a much more detailed picture of the meanings expressed by English present participles. At the same time, we develop a framework that can explain when and why different semantic effects arise. The core assumption is that the meaning of participles can be best unders ...
Passive Voice Constructions in Modern Irish
... whether a third passive form exists within the language, that of a functionally defined GET-passive. To deliver a unified analysis of the various passive constructions, a perspective that takes account of the complete event is necessary. Irish supports three variants of the personal passive construc ...
... whether a third passive form exists within the language, that of a functionally defined GET-passive. To deliver a unified analysis of the various passive constructions, a perspective that takes account of the complete event is necessary. Irish supports three variants of the personal passive construc ...
0520 FRENCH (FOREIGN LANGUAGE) MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2015 series
... 2.2 For Questions 2 and 3, if the candidate has written an answer in the space provided for that purpose, you should ignore anything written anywhere else, unless: (i) there is an indication from the candidate that other material should be considered (ii) the candidate has continued their answer out ...
... 2.2 For Questions 2 and 3, if the candidate has written an answer in the space provided for that purpose, you should ignore anything written anywhere else, unless: (i) there is an indication from the candidate that other material should be considered (ii) the candidate has continued their answer out ...
0520 FRENCH (FOREIGN LANGUAGE)
... 2.2 For Questions 2 and 3, if the candidate has written an answer in the space provided for that purpose, you should ignore anything written anywhere else, unless: (i) there is an indication from the candidate that other material should be considered (ii) the candidate has continued their answer out ...
... 2.2 For Questions 2 and 3, if the candidate has written an answer in the space provided for that purpose, you should ignore anything written anywhere else, unless: (i) there is an indication from the candidate that other material should be considered (ii) the candidate has continued their answer out ...
English Syntax: An Introduction
... One important aspect of teaching English syntax (to native and nonnative undergraduate students alike) involves the balance in the overall approach between facts and theory. We understand that one important goal of teaching English syntax to undergraduate students is to help students enhance their u ...
... One important aspect of teaching English syntax (to native and nonnative undergraduate students alike) involves the balance in the overall approach between facts and theory. We understand that one important goal of teaching English syntax to undergraduate students is to help students enhance their u ...
revisiting agreement paradigms: predicative
... Syntax studies sentences, or more explicitly the stage between words and their meaning in utterances. Chomsky (1981, 1982) assumes three essential levels of linguistic representation, namely DS (Deep Structure), SS (Surface Structure) and LF (Logical Form). According to transformational grammar, the ...
... Syntax studies sentences, or more explicitly the stage between words and their meaning in utterances. Chomsky (1981, 1982) assumes three essential levels of linguistic representation, namely DS (Deep Structure), SS (Surface Structure) and LF (Logical Form). According to transformational grammar, the ...
PRACTICE BOOK - Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
... 3. We will see many animals. 4. That giraffe is gigantic! 5. The lions look hungry. 6. Oh no, I’m scared! 7. The seals are so cute! 8. What time do you feed the seals? 9. The zoo closes in one hour. ...
... 3. We will see many animals. 4. That giraffe is gigantic! 5. The lions look hungry. 6. Oh no, I’m scared! 7. The seals are so cute! 8. What time do you feed the seals? 9. The zoo closes in one hour. ...
(Warm Up Grammar 12 (1))
... 3. The gym was decorated more than it had been in previous years. 4. The mother woke up her children before they could wake up on their own. 5. Miranda failed her math test, so she will retake it next week. ...
... 3. The gym was decorated more than it had been in previous years. 4. The mother woke up her children before they could wake up on their own. 5. Miranda failed her math test, so she will retake it next week. ...
University of Pardubice Faculty of Arts and Philosophy
... There is the absence of a finite verb form. They have no tense and they cannot include a modal verb, there are no distinctions of person and number. If there is no “overt link” (Biber 2002, 226), the non-finite verb form itself indicates that the clause is dependent. In most cases, there is no probl ...
... There is the absence of a finite verb form. They have no tense and they cannot include a modal verb, there are no distinctions of person and number. If there is no “overt link” (Biber 2002, 226), the non-finite verb form itself indicates that the clause is dependent. In most cases, there is no probl ...
The state of present-day Domari in Jerusalem
... who settled within the boundaries of the Old City walls in several waves beginning in the 1940s, and lasting until after the Israeli occupation in 1967, when the last Dom abandoned their tents and moved into permanent dwelling. Begging was apparently practised by the women in the community until sho ...
... who settled within the boundaries of the Old City walls in several waves beginning in the 1940s, and lasting until after the Israeli occupation in 1967, when the last Dom abandoned their tents and moved into permanent dwelling. Begging was apparently practised by the women in the community until sho ...
Practice - Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
... REMEMBER THE RULES • A run-on sentence joins sentences that should be written separately or as a compound sentence. • One way to correct a run-on sentence is to separate each complete idea into a sentence. • Another way to correct a run-on sentence is to rewrite it as a compound sentence. Use a comm ...
... REMEMBER THE RULES • A run-on sentence joins sentences that should be written separately or as a compound sentence. • One way to correct a run-on sentence is to separate each complete idea into a sentence. • Another way to correct a run-on sentence is to rewrite it as a compound sentence. Use a comm ...
1 What is Paradigm Function Morphology?
... a lexeme is headed if and only if it arises through the operation of a category-preserving rule of lexeme formation5; on this view, UNLOAD is headed by LOAD and DOG HOUSE is headed by HOUSE, but DOG, WRITER and RIP-OFF are unheaded, as are inflected word forms such as dogs and loaded. A category-pre ...
... a lexeme is headed if and only if it arises through the operation of a category-preserving rule of lexeme formation5; on this view, UNLOAD is headed by LOAD and DOG HOUSE is headed by HOUSE, but DOG, WRITER and RIP-OFF are unheaded, as are inflected word forms such as dogs and loaded. A category-pre ...