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Puyuma clause constructions
Puyuma clause constructions

... ‘ergative’ alignment. Prototypically, an accusative language like English also has a passive voice construction in which the potential undergoer becomes the subject of an intransitive clause (e.g. Mary was kissed by John) and the potential actor is deleted or encoded as a non-core argument.7 An erga ...
Negation in Germanic Languages
Negation in Germanic Languages

... This research thesis concentrates on the micro-typological variation in the Germanic languages, focusing on their negation strategies and the syntactical position of negative adverbs; with respect to the subject, verb, and object, in main and subordinate clauses as well as in (negative) imperative / ...
Free PDF - The University of Adelaide
Free PDF - The University of Adelaide

... Clamor Schürmann’s Barngarla grammar Thura-Yura languages historically constituted a dialect spread from the Mount Lofty Ranges in the southeast, up to the northern Flinders Ranges in the north, and across to South Australia's west coast. We know, for example, that the southern languages Kaurna, Nh ...
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... one, resulting in UC. For some speakers/dialects/languages, CoP is a category that is interpreted as different from the categories of its conjuncts; a CoP|DP] (a CoP of DP conjuncts) is, in other words, a category different from a DP, and cannot get case or assign agreement features as other DPs. It ...
VOICE Part-of-Speech Tagging and Lemmatization Manual
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... conventionally codified categorization – forms, for example, that were morphologically marked as nouns but did not syntactically function as such, e.g. the word ‘sticker’ in I cannot sticker this. But since they needed to be tagged in one way or the other, operational decisions needed to be taken, e ...
Overview of the Different Complementation Patterns and
Overview of the Different Complementation Patterns and

... “The use of the correct complementiser is mainly a question of matching the semantics of each complementiser with the semantics of the governing verb (...) in the main clause and with the type of verb or other elements in the complement.” How is it possible for a language learner to learn the correc ...
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... originating from the lexicon or via a type-shifting rule. Rappaport-Hovav (2008) meanwhile provides arguments that scales are lexicalized in only certain classes of verbs, and that crucially incremental theme verbs do not themselves lexicalize quantity scales, contra Piñón. Finally, Beavers (2008) ...
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... Nevertheless, the verbs in non-finite forms keep the verbal characteristics, especially their valency, and they form secondary predications comparable to the subordinate clauses. It is the focus of this paper to examine the complexity and structure of these predications and determine if there are an ...
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... You may recall that aru = arimasu (‘exist’) is used for inanimate objects including plants. By contrast, iru = imasu (‘exist’) is used for animate objects like animals and people, not including plants. Iru is an ru verb, since you don’t ‘double the t’ when making its te and ta forms, i.e., ite = ‘ex ...
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... In pronouncing it, the speaker must be careful to let the o be distinctly, but not too prominently, heard; and considerable care will be required to keep it distinct from au in the following words, as otawhao, whawhao, tao, hao, &c; neither, again, must the speaker divide the diphthong into two syll ...
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... Now, some generalisation will be made from these facts about the grammatical status of a Genitive nominal. First of all, in Figure 2b we saw that when a Genitive nominal consists of a noun and its dependents, the distribution of the inflectional endings is the same as that for a nominal inflected fo ...
FRE 122 - National Open University of Nigeria
FRE 122 - National Open University of Nigeria

... and place. The course material replaces the lecturer that stands before you in a face of face situation. Each of the units has a common format. The first item is an introduction to the subject matter of the unit and how a particular unit is integrated into the other units and the course as a whole. ...
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... The Top 250 Most Difficult SAT Words◦ Week 10 Starting Monday, ___/___/______ Instructions: By the last day of the week, study the list of vocabulary words for that week and prepare for a quiz. In order to prepare, be sure to look up and study denotations, connotations, and uses of the terms. You m ...
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... 1. The Abenaki Indians are native people of the United States and Canada. 2. They have been dwellers in these countries for many centuries. 3. The Abenaki were an agricultural, or farming, society. 4. Long ago, their population was stable. 5. In modern times, it has become much smaller. 6. Jamie’s g ...
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... just beginning, or none of these? Aspect answers that question! ›  Most languages have no clear way of indicating aspect but hint at it through their uses of tenses, adverbs, and various other grammatical constructions. ›  Our main concern for the Subjunctive is that the PERFECT tense has SIMPLE A ...
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... for the Complementarity Effect in the Celtic languages, both carefully developed for Breton by Stump (1984): the Incorporation Analysis and the Agreement Analysis. On the INCORPORATION ANALYSIS, rich agreement morphology is the spell-out of a pronoun itself, not of φ-agreement with it. Only pronouns ...
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... based on discourse roles and extra-linguistic information. Second, imperatives typically cannot be embedded. Korean appears to be an exception (Pak in prep). Third, imperatives have been taken to lack tense. For example, based on Davies (1986), Potsdam (1996) uses the lack of tense inflection as a c ...
DESIDERATIVE - CAUSATIVES IN PAPAGO Ofelia Zepeda
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... I should mention, in passing, that the semantic range of the verbs which allows the desiderative is essentially unrestricted. Crucial for our purposes is a consideration of the semantic conditions which the desiderative verb places on the arguments in the sentence. In. both (lib) and (12b) the argum ...
English labile verbs and their equivalents in Swedish
English labile verbs and their equivalents in Swedish

... causative/inchoative alternation in Swedish, particularly as translation equivalents for the English labile verbs. Furthermore, this paper studies the labile verb phenomenon from a functional perspective. Labile verbs can be seen as a device to construct reality in a different way. In this reality ...
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Udmurt grammar

This article deals with the grammar of the Udmurt language.
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