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Case marking in infinitive (ad- form)
Case marking in infinitive (ad- form)

... forms of the verb, and usually they have the same functions as adjectives. Masdars are also case marked like nouns, but are formed from the fmite forms of the verb and usually have the same functions as nouns. In Old Georgian, a third non-finite form is found. Formally, it is a masdar in the adverbi ...
Baule SVCs: Two distinct varieties of missing objects.
Baule SVCs: Two distinct varieties of missing objects.

... Integrated SVC this missing object is an object gap licensed by a SVC-specific mechanism. This paper will demonstrate that, although there is basis in Baule for the distinction between Clause Chaining SVCs and Integrated SVCs, there is evidence for fundamental similarities between the null object pr ...
The Use of Passive Voice in the Constitution of the United States
The Use of Passive Voice in the Constitution of the United States

... Some examples where a bare passive does have an overt subject: All things considered, we’re lucky not to have been sued for a lot more. (short) My house wrecked by a tornado is something I don’t ever want to see. (long) Because the verb is in the past participle form, such clauses are always nonfini ...
YERPAl SEQUENCES; A GENERATIVE APPROACH
YERPAl SEQUENCES; A GENERATIVE APPROACH

... consisting in the isolation into different functional nodes of the previously assumed head of the clause, INFL. It is, thus, essentially a "questionraising" chapter. Before I review Pollock (1967), I think it worthwhile to look at two proposals which have attempted definitions of the "non-lexical" o ...
article
article

... word structure as similar to sentence structure. Yet another reason has to do with a core concept of dependency grammar. Dependency grammars seem, by their very nature, to be word grammars. If words are seen as the basic units of syntax, then their further analysis into component parts is deemed ina ...
ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE COMPOUNDING
ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE COMPOUNDING

... Compounding is a tool of language to form new words by combining or attaching two or more words together. The meaning of a compound word, as a result is usually different from the meaning of the roots standing alone. Compounding is a linguistic phenomenon used commonly especially in real life as col ...
Using Unknown Word Techniques to Learn Known Words
Using Unknown Word Techniques to Learn Known Words

... However, because of data sparseness problems, this method is only able to handle unigrams and bigrams. Another potential problem is the absence of criteria to determine when to use unigrams and when bigrams to represent forms within a given sentence. Consider the trigram w1 , w2 , w3 where w2 is the ...
French Verbs booklet - Frederick Bremer School
French Verbs booklet - Frederick Bremer School

... realiser – to realise/achieve réflechir – to reflect/think about refuser – to refuse remercier – to thank Free Time and the Media acheter – to buy aller – to go (s’)amuser – to have fun/enjoy annuler - to cancel chanter – to sing choisir – to choose cliquer – to click contrôler – to check/control co ...
the category of aspect
the category of aspect

... Traditional theories described words in terms of the traditional list of Aristotelian categories. Aristotle assumed that the physical world consisted of things (substances), which had certain properties (called accidents). Transferred to morphology, the substance of a word (its meaning) had to be di ...
pages 213–231 - Stanford University
pages 213–231 - Stanford University

... The interaction of the ECC with the copula provides strong support for our claim about the lexicality of the copula. The only grammatical form of an ECC with the positive copula -i- also involves doubling the N host of the copula, as in (6)a (see Oh (1991), Kim and Chung (2002)). The copied parts ar ...
A Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar for English
A Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar for English

... of the lexicon would be stated explicitly. For example, there are principles which govern which trees are grouped together into tree fa milies, and rules which describe the relations between structure types across tree families (see subsection 2.1 for a discussion of tree families.) The information ...
Back To Basics grammar practice
Back To Basics grammar practice

... Active voice uses an action verb to denote the action in the sentence. Passive voice takes the action out of the sentence…it generally includes “to be” verb forms or uses “was.” Marielle ran after Emily.- Active voice Marielle was running after Emily.- Passive voice *when writing we want to use an a ...
Basic Language Skills
Basic Language Skills

... are, being, was, were, been, of which only one is derivable from a principal part (being is derived from be). On the history of this verb, see Indo-European copula. Verbs had more forms when the pronoun thou was still in regular use and there was a number distinction in the second person. To be, for ...
Wh Constructions * 1. Introduction
Wh Constructions * 1. Introduction

... triggered by the incremental satisfaction of a grammatical constraint known as the Theta Criterion. Under this approach, active gap creation is the result of parsing mechanisms that seek to maximize the satisfaction of lexical and grammatical constraints; gap creation is not an end in itself. Studi ...
Missing arguments in earlier English clause structures
Missing arguments in earlier English clause structures

... proposal of Rizzi (1986: 508-509), it is tenable. According to him there are two ways in which the theta roles assigned by a predicate can be saturated; (i) syntactically , or (ii) lexically. If a certain theta role is syntactically saturated, it is projected into the syntactic structure as an expli ...
Markéta Lopatková, Jarmila Panevová
Markéta Lopatková, Jarmila Panevová

... is not. In (2) nůžky [scissors] refers to a device used as an Instrument proper, its semantics includes the semantics of movement with this instrument. In (2) the manipulation with scissors is supposed, while in (3) the noun trn [thorn] (with an instrumental semantics) is fixed (see also Apresjan, 2 ...
non-finite verb
non-finite verb

...  Do you feel like going out?  I can't help falling in love with you.  I can't stand not seeing you. ...
ASPECTS OF THE SEMANTICS OF THE AKAN
ASPECTS OF THE SEMANTICS OF THE AKAN

... lexical or the denotative i.e. the basic interpretation associated with the utterance, taking into consideration the associative or the emotive, and all meanings associated with the various things which are factored into the ethnography of any single utterance or speech; and above all, the relations ...
the subject preference in the processing of locally ambiguous wh
the subject preference in the processing of locally ambiguous wh

... They were asked to carry out the task as fast as possible. The questionnaire was given to the subjects at the end of their class time, so that 40 minutes were left for work on the questionnaire. There were 40 distractor items and 40 experimental items with the structural properties described above, ...
Case marking in infinitive (ad- form) clauses in Old Georgian1
Case marking in infinitive (ad- form) clauses in Old Georgian1

... the verb, and usually they have the same functions as adjectives. Masdars are also case marked like nouns, but are formed from the finite forms of the verb and usually have the same functions as nouns. In Old Georgian, a third non-finite form is found. Formally, it is a masdar in the adverbial case. ...
Deconstructing the non-episodic readings of Spanish deverbal
Deconstructing the non-episodic readings of Spanish deverbal

... Example (8b) is equally truthful if nobody has paid the invoice and nobody will: The obligation to pay for it on the grounds of external law is enough. The point at issue is in what sense these two readings differ from our dispositionals. Let us start with the deontic class, where the difference is ...
Lingua Litera - stba prayoga padang
Lingua Litera - stba prayoga padang

... Learning idioms is one of the most demanding parts of learning a language. Because their meaning is often completely different from the meaning of the single words that are included in the expression, one has to learn the whole phrase at once. The best way how to learn them is to find an equivalent ...
altaf POS Guideline 2009
altaf POS Guideline 2009

... include postpositions, number, gender and case markers on nouns, and inflections on verbs include person, tense, aspect, honorific, non-honorific, pejorative, finiteness and non-finiteness. Since syntactical bracketing is a task of shallow processing and size of the tagset is one of the important fa ...
PC-Kimmo
PC-Kimmo

... dictionary entries should there be? Example, the word fair meaning (a) light coloured (b) impartial and (c) a festival. In general answer depends on purposes. Englex’s lexicon is a parsing lexicon, not a full dictionary, so it only distinguishes homonyms having different parts of speech. ...
Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya
Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya

... using prefix di- into the verb, and (2) by using verb without adding prefix di-. The first one is commonly used if the subject of the active voice is noun or noun phrase. On the other hands, the second one is used if the subject of the active voice is personal pronoun. The meaning of passive voice c ...
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Navajo grammar

Navajo is a ""verb-heavy"" language — it has a great preponderance of verbs but relatively few nouns. In addition to verbs and nouns, Navajo has other elements such as pronouns, clitics of various functions, demonstratives, numerals, postpositions, adverbs, and conjunctions, among others. Harry Hoijer grouped all of the above into a word-class he called particles (i.e., Navajo would then have verbs, nouns, and particles). Navajo has no separate words that correspond to the adjectives in English grammar: verbs provide the adjectival functionality.
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