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W02-0509 - Association for Computational Linguistics
W02-0509 - Association for Computational Linguistics

... follows classic conventions. Nonetheless, some of these conventions may seem confusing at first sight. The Hamza sign, which represents the glottal stop phoneme, can be written in 5 different ways, depending on its phonological environment. Therefore, any change in vowels (very regular a phenomenon ...
Constructing grammatical meaning
Constructing grammatical meaning

... iconic correlations between relative bulk and predictability/familiarity as they have been applied in the semantically based accounts of Russian (Haiman 1983, Kemmer 1993), and it also speaks to Kemmer’s typology of reflexives and middles. On the surface Czech would seem to fall into Kemmer’s (1993: ...
The Uses of Grammar
The Uses of Grammar

... 5. Father can polish the car. 6. Jane being a good girl usually. 7. Dick will help with the dishes. 8. Jane to plant a garden in the backyard. 9. Dick, Jane, and Spot having gone to the park. Find the regular, irregular, and periphrastic modals in the following sentences. 1. The children can c ...
Document
Document

... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------IMPERATIVES ( e.g. Be heard! or Don't be taken! ) -----------------DEPONENT IMPERATIVES ------------------------------------Genera ...
Morphological Aspects of English Adjectival
Morphological Aspects of English Adjectival

... in the same indulgent but-isn't-he-cute voice. (SKPS, 212) her as-yet-incomplete set of Depression glassware... (SK, 181) To act in this as-if-I-were-a-human-engineer manner... (CWM, 129) ...
Thursday, January 29th Copy the Sentence, then add punctua*on
Thursday, January 29th Copy the Sentence, then add punctua*on

... Tell  whether  the  following  verbs  in  bold  are  “A”  (ac6on,)  “L”  (linking,)  or   “H”  (helping.)  DO  NOT  copy  the  sentence.  Simply  write  “A,”  “L,”  or  “H.”   ...
ling411-08 - Rice University
ling411-08 - Rice University

... • Some can repeat correctly • How to explain?  Menn & Obler (1990) describe some patients who are less agrammatic in oral reading than in spontaneous speech (Goodglass 1993:111) ...
Lectures on Functional Syntax
Lectures on Functional Syntax

... return to this in more detail in the next lecture; here I simply want to introduce one of the basic aspects of Functional analysis. Consider the concept Noun. Start with the traditional notional definition: '(word whose reference is) a person, place, or thing'. The basic problem with this is that it ...
A brief grammar of Euskara - University of the Basque Country
A brief grammar of Euskara - University of the Basque Country

... indeed 'the', I have chosen to write 'the' in the gloss, so you can find it easily. Naming morphemes. You will notice also that I don't follow the standard practice of attaching a dash in front of a morpheme when mentioning it. I simply write the morpheme, or whichever form it takes more generally, ...
sentence-composing tools: phrase review
sentence-composing tools: phrase review

... Definition: A sentence part describing the rest of the sentence in which it appears. Absolutes are almost complete sentences. As a test, you can make every absolute a sentence by adding was or were. Example: He sat down at the table, the cup in both hands, and tried to drink. Hal Borland, When the L ...
is used as a conjunction to show contrast. The original
is used as a conjunction to show contrast. The original

... 82. A – ‘who’ with a comma is used because ‘Lee Kin Wo’ is a person that doesn’t need to be defined (non-defining clause) 83. C – ‘get used to’ means ‘be accustomed to’. A present participle should be used after the verb ‘be’. 84. D – ‘himself’ refers to the same subject ‘he’, referring to ‘Bush’. 8 ...
Complex verb formation in Leko
Complex verb formation in Leko

... a good number of spontaneously produced stories. Wherever possible I will use examples from these stories to illustrate the use of the different derivational suffixes. Tentatively, a number of ordering constraints of the suffixes will be discussed in section 5. 3. Complex verb formation in Leko Leko ...
Negation
Negation

... negative meaning: “a person of undesirable character” positive meaning : “a person of highly desirable character.” Other words having these “two levels of meaning”: nigger, cool and clean → “counterlanguage” (the two-levelled meaning can only be understood by insiders) EXAMPLES: → “You look clean, m ...
IV. Two-Verb Sequences and Germanic SOV
IV. Two-Verb Sequences and Germanic SOV

... Various generalisations can be drawn from these data: All the VO-languages allow only one and the same order. The OV languages, on the other hand, differ in which order they prefer, and 7 out of 9 OV languages also allow more than one order (actually 8 out of 10 if Yiddish is counted as OV). Only VO ...
Detransitivisation in Irish Sign Language ESF Intersign Workshop on
Detransitivisation in Irish Sign Language ESF Intersign Workshop on

... referents may control agreement when these referents receive roles more typically associated with animate referents: the roles of agent, experiencer and recipient. However, the role of patient can be assigned to either animate or inanimate referents although only animate referents with the role of p ...
DEGREES OF SIMPLICITY IN ADVERTISING SLOGAN GRAMMAR
DEGREES OF SIMPLICITY IN ADVERTISING SLOGAN GRAMMAR

... In the corpuses under scrutiny and in advertising in general, NGs function as minor or onemember clauses isolated visually within the advertising text. In the present study the NG structures were not considered minor clauses, although they originate in deleted attributive clauses. As number of words ...
Mnemonic Songs Memory-Boosting
Mnemonic Songs Memory-Boosting

... Choose two teams to play Noun Bee, a spelling bee–type game, using the noun word cards from Step 2 and any additional nouns collected from students’ reading. On each turn, you present a noun card. Two players—one from each team—compete to identify whether the noun on the card is a person, place, o ...
Transitivity of a Chinese Verb-Result Compound and Affected
Transitivity of a Chinese Verb-Result Compound and Affected

... constraints imposed by the verb (e.g. theta theory, cf. Crystal 1997 for its definition). These constraints, however, do not always seem to be applicable to VRs. Since a VR contains two verbs, it is often argued that one of them is to be identified as the “head,” which is supposedly responsible for ...
The Syntax of Valuation in Auxiliary–participle
The Syntax of Valuation in Auxiliary–participle

... probe–goal approach. As illustrated in (4), assuming the Agree version in Chomsky (2000, 2001), AUX would have to involve an uninterpretable unvalued feature, which probes down to get valued by a corresponding interpretable valued feature. Furthermore, given the activation condition (the stipulation ...
Towards a structural typology of verb classes
Towards a structural typology of verb classes

... nominal arguments. (Verbs with zero valency are extremely rare – one possible semantic class of this kind are weather verbs, such as Latin pluit ‘it rains’, however, note that English uses here an expletive pronoun, which masks the verb to be intransitive.) Besides that, verbs are subclassified of w ...
How do I talk about the past
How do I talk about the past

... Il / elle / on / le chat ...
Chapter 9
Chapter 9

... The ‘clause’ is defined here as the minimal unit of syntactic organization that includes a verbal element, finite or non-finite. Thus it encompasses the ‘verb phrase’ (predicate and any modifiers) and any ‘noun phrases’ (nouns and any modifiers) needed to fill the predicate’s argument slots. The not ...
style - MU Writing Program
style - MU Writing Program

... as this, that, it, you, and we should be avoided unless they replace a preceding noun. The most common vague pronoun is this (see example below). Placing a noun after this (this policy or this comedy of errors) solves the problem; if you can’t find a noun phrase to place after this, you’ve got a vag ...
Table of Contents
Table of Contents

... Remember, the preposition and the object of the preposition together make up what is called a prepositional phrase. Francis Macomber was carried to his tent from the edge of the camp in triumph on the arms and shoulders of the cook, the personal boys, the skinner and the porters. The gun-bearers had ...
File
File

... Grammar Glossary Ambiguous reference—Ambiguous reference occurs when a pronoun incorrectly refers to either of two antecedents. Ambiguous: A tortoise is different from a turtle only in that it lives on land, not in water. Which lives on land—the turtle or the tortoise? ...
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Ancient Greek grammar

Ancient Greek grammar is morphologically complex and preserves several features of Proto-Indo-European morphology. Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, articles, numerals and especially verbs are all highly inflected. This article primary discusses the morphology of Attic Greek.
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