281 A FUNCTIONAL AND FORMAL COMPARISON ON ADJECTIVE
... changing the meaning of the sentence. In other words, “the omission of the adjective clause robs the sentence of a most essential fact. (Allen, 1995)”. However, when the subordinator which introduces the restrictive relative clause acts as object in the dependent clause, it can be omitted, creating ...
... changing the meaning of the sentence. In other words, “the omission of the adjective clause robs the sentence of a most essential fact. (Allen, 1995)”. However, when the subordinator which introduces the restrictive relative clause acts as object in the dependent clause, it can be omitted, creating ...
2- Achieving coherence through grammatical consistency
... A sentence is a word group that contains a subject and a verb and that expresses a complete thought. If it doesn’t contain a subject or mainly a verb, it is only a fragment. Sentence Fragments : The window in the kitchen. Complete Sentence : The window in the kitchen could not be opened. PRACTICE 1- ...
... A sentence is a word group that contains a subject and a verb and that expresses a complete thought. If it doesn’t contain a subject or mainly a verb, it is only a fragment. Sentence Fragments : The window in the kitchen. Complete Sentence : The window in the kitchen could not be opened. PRACTICE 1- ...
University of Pardubice Faculty of Arts and Philosophy
... sometimes called “pre-predicate position”, because the complement clauses can come before the predicate. Her coming was quite useless. (Biber 2004, 310) If the subject of the gerundial construction is not expressed, it is called “covert subject” (Petrlíková 2006, 19). In this case the subject is rec ...
... sometimes called “pre-predicate position”, because the complement clauses can come before the predicate. Her coming was quite useless. (Biber 2004, 310) If the subject of the gerundial construction is not expressed, it is called “covert subject” (Petrlíková 2006, 19). In this case the subject is rec ...
Jennifer Arnold Thesis, spring 1992 Swarthmore College Dr.
... words such as "ldidawy" (he/she/it works) are pronounced ,lkoo8awi/, which doesn't include a glide at the end. I have dispensed with the Unified y-i rule in my own orthography, using "y" only to mark a glide, and using "i" otherwise. All cited examples will be also translated from the alphabet of th ...
... words such as "ldidawy" (he/she/it works) are pronounced ,lkoo8awi/, which doesn't include a glide at the end. I have dispensed with the Unified y-i rule in my own orthography, using "y" only to mark a glide, and using "i" otherwise. All cited examples will be also translated from the alphabet of th ...
Markéta Lopatková, Jarmila Panevová
... In the valency frame of many nouns the same complements as in the VF of verbs occur. This is obvious for deverbal nouns (in details see Novotný, 1980, Karlík, 2000, Panevová, 2000 and esp. Řezníčková-Kolářová, 2003, Kolářová, in prep.). Moreover, the complements (functors) typical for verbs are com ...
... In the valency frame of many nouns the same complements as in the VF of verbs occur. This is obvious for deverbal nouns (in details see Novotný, 1980, Karlík, 2000, Panevová, 2000 and esp. Řezníčková-Kolářová, 2003, Kolářová, in prep.). Moreover, the complements (functors) typical for verbs are com ...
11 Other Punctuation Marks - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... the house and cooks; Lana does the laundry and the grocery shopping. To join two complete statements with a transitional word. I’ve never liked my father-in-law; furthermore, he knows it. Note Other transitional words that may come after a semicolon include however, moreover, therefore, thus, also, ...
... the house and cooks; Lana does the laundry and the grocery shopping. To join two complete statements with a transitional word. I’ve never liked my father-in-law; furthermore, he knows it. Note Other transitional words that may come after a semicolon include however, moreover, therefore, thus, also, ...
1. Introduction 1 2. Three Major Types of Actants
... I chose the term actant over other terms for the following three reasons: • First, to emphasize the parallelism between all three types of actants. I want the same term on all levels of representation, and it is preferable to speak of semantic and syntactic actants rather than semantic and syntactic ...
... I chose the term actant over other terms for the following three reasons: • First, to emphasize the parallelism between all three types of actants. I want the same term on all levels of representation, and it is preferable to speak of semantic and syntactic actants rather than semantic and syntactic ...
On the Use and Meaning of Prepositions Clearly
... (2) The Object of the Preposition was the head noun or pronoun of the object’s noun phrase; for prepositions with two or more objects only the first one was considered. A sentence using the given word as something besides a preposition was deleted from analysis altogether. Preposition-words were not ...
... (2) The Object of the Preposition was the head noun or pronoun of the object’s noun phrase; for prepositions with two or more objects only the first one was considered. A sentence using the given word as something besides a preposition was deleted from analysis altogether. Preposition-words were not ...
Semantic Features in Argument Selection
... the above four features, but they are not needed for stating the linking rules that select subjects and direct objects. In the following, this will be shown to be true for English. Not only languages that do not have subjects (like Tagalog, which has a predicate-topic structure; Schachter & Otanes, ...
... the above four features, but they are not needed for stating the linking rules that select subjects and direct objects. In the following, this will be shown to be true for English. Not only languages that do not have subjects (like Tagalog, which has a predicate-topic structure; Schachter & Otanes, ...
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 10, Number 2, July 1979 A
... number of terms can be used ambiguously for semantic functions and surface morphological forms· In general there is a great deal of overlap, since a surface morphological form described as a perfective marker generally is perfective in function. In general, I will refer to semantic functions as func ...
... number of terms can be used ambiguously for semantic functions and surface morphological forms· In general there is a great deal of overlap, since a surface morphological form described as a perfective marker generally is perfective in function. In general, I will refer to semantic functions as func ...
DEFINING TRANSITIVITY AND INTRANSITIVITY: SPLIT
... 1995). Basque unergatives for the most part overlap with the unergatives recognized for IndoEuropean (Burzio 1986, Sorace 2000). Thus, some examples of intransitive verbs like (1a) in Basque include, but are not limited to, verbs like blow, cough, dance, dream, run, and work. Basque unergatives do n ...
... 1995). Basque unergatives for the most part overlap with the unergatives recognized for IndoEuropean (Burzio 1986, Sorace 2000). Thus, some examples of intransitive verbs like (1a) in Basque include, but are not limited to, verbs like blow, cough, dance, dream, run, and work. Basque unergatives do n ...
A comparative study of participles, converbs and absolute
... “Absolute constructions are temporal expressions with non-temporal heads. Normally, nominal expressions of time involve nouns that have some temporal dimension to their semantics, as in at dawn, on Monday, during the lecture. ACs on the other hand have as their heads nouns which do not denote events ...
... “Absolute constructions are temporal expressions with non-temporal heads. Normally, nominal expressions of time involve nouns that have some temporal dimension to their semantics, as in at dawn, on Monday, during the lecture. ACs on the other hand have as their heads nouns which do not denote events ...
The Adjective Clause - Liberty Union High School District
... We watched a meteor shower after the sun set. [The subordinate clause adds information to an independent clause.] Like an adjective, an adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun by telling what kind or which one. An adjective clause usually follows the noun or pronoun it modifies. EXAMPLES I want ...
... We watched a meteor shower after the sun set. [The subordinate clause adds information to an independent clause.] Like an adjective, an adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun by telling what kind or which one. An adjective clause usually follows the noun or pronoun it modifies. EXAMPLES I want ...
English Syntax: An Introduction
... (think of house, maison, casa). For words such as hotdog, desk, dog, bike, hamburger, cranberry, sweetbread, their meanings have nothing to do with their shapes. For example, the word hotdog has no relationship with a dog which is or feels hot. There is just an arbitrary relationship between the wor ...
... (think of house, maison, casa). For words such as hotdog, desk, dog, bike, hamburger, cranberry, sweetbread, their meanings have nothing to do with their shapes. For example, the word hotdog has no relationship with a dog which is or feels hot. There is just an arbitrary relationship between the wor ...
Linking Eye Movements to Sentence Comprehension in Reading
... that lexical and syntactic constraints influence the initial construction of syntactic alternatives as each new word is integrated into the developing sentence structure. At the same time, I have maintained that constraints from higher levels of representation can influence syntactic ambiguity resol ...
... that lexical and syntactic constraints influence the initial construction of syntactic alternatives as each new word is integrated into the developing sentence structure. At the same time, I have maintained that constraints from higher levels of representation can influence syntactic ambiguity resol ...
Semantic Proto-Roles - Association for Computational Linguistics
... combinations of proto-role properties are looked at as a lattice structure, generalized thematic roles can be identified with particular parts of the lattice. If Dowty’s proposal is right, the lexicon will instantiate a very large number of property configurations, rather than a small and constraine ...
... combinations of proto-role properties are looked at as a lattice structure, generalized thematic roles can be identified with particular parts of the lattice. If Dowty’s proposal is right, the lexicon will instantiate a very large number of property configurations, rather than a small and constraine ...
Verbal stem space and verb to noun conversion in French - Hal-SHS
... When the verb belongs to the second conjugation group, none of the verbal stems is identical to the base lexeme’s stem 2. As presented in Table 3 with the verb FINIR, second conjugation verbs only have two distinct stems, illustrated by stem 1 and stem 3, with a systematic /is/!/i/ alternation. And, ...
... When the verb belongs to the second conjugation group, none of the verbal stems is identical to the base lexeme’s stem 2. As presented in Table 3 with the verb FINIR, second conjugation verbs only have two distinct stems, illustrated by stem 1 and stem 3, with a systematic /is/!/i/ alternation. And, ...
clause analysis - mt
... The questions asked in this topic are to analyze the clause and the sentences given are mainly complex sentences. A COMPLEX sentence is made up of a MAIN CLAUSE and a SUBORDINATE CLAUSE, which starts with a subordinator. The main clause is the one that can stand on its own. The subordinate clause de ...
... The questions asked in this topic are to analyze the clause and the sentences given are mainly complex sentences. A COMPLEX sentence is made up of a MAIN CLAUSE and a SUBORDINATE CLAUSE, which starts with a subordinator. The main clause is the one that can stand on its own. The subordinate clause de ...
The Semantics of Russian Genitive of Negation: The Nature and
... THE SEMANTICS OF RUSSIAN GENITIVE OF NEGATION: PERSPECTIVAL STRUCTURE In the general case, we assume that verbs have their normal literal meaning, which in most cases is not simply "exist" or "be". If the GenNeg construction is used, the hearer uses contextual information to support an accommodatio ...
... THE SEMANTICS OF RUSSIAN GENITIVE OF NEGATION: PERSPECTIVAL STRUCTURE In the general case, we assume that verbs have their normal literal meaning, which in most cases is not simply "exist" or "be". If the GenNeg construction is used, the hearer uses contextual information to support an accommodatio ...
WHEN NOUNS SURFACE AS VERBS
... In this classification we have put innovations like houseguest, Sunday School, and Wayne in with ordinary denominal verbs like land, ape, and man, which are already well established as verbs. For one thing, innovations and well-established verbs are really two ends of a continuum, with no sharp divi ...
... In this classification we have put innovations like houseguest, Sunday School, and Wayne in with ordinary denominal verbs like land, ape, and man, which are already well established as verbs. For one thing, innovations and well-established verbs are really two ends of a continuum, with no sharp divi ...
Sentence-Level Revision Exercise #1: The Basics
... failures – scientists around the globe tried to prove its classification. (Wordy, parallelism, Ref. Note that this is the first sentence of a paragraph.) Problem/Hacker reference: There’s no way to yield but out. The stuff inside the dashes isn’t parallel, which is why it’s hard to read; what does “ ...
... failures – scientists around the globe tried to prove its classification. (Wordy, parallelism, Ref. Note that this is the first sentence of a paragraph.) Problem/Hacker reference: There’s no way to yield but out. The stuff inside the dashes isn’t parallel, which is why it’s hard to read; what does “ ...
Resulting States in Niuean
... While it is true that ma-words can modify nouns, as might be expected of participles, this is not an argument for participle status, as this is the case for regular verbs as well in Niuean (Sperlich 1997:16). This is due to the fact that generally, there is no clear part-of-speech “adjective” in Niu ...
... While it is true that ma-words can modify nouns, as might be expected of participles, this is not an argument for participle status, as this is the case for regular verbs as well in Niuean (Sperlich 1997:16). This is due to the fact that generally, there is no clear part-of-speech “adjective” in Niu ...
Document
... group hiked 13 miles up a mountain trail. (7) The second day, after Joe rode a mountain bike for 35 miles, he was a wreck. (8) The third day, Joe stayed in camp until a van arrived, and he went to a comfortable hotel. (9) A much wiser Joe now reads every description very carefully. 78 Grammar, Usage ...
... group hiked 13 miles up a mountain trail. (7) The second day, after Joe rode a mountain bike for 35 miles, he was a wreck. (8) The third day, Joe stayed in camp until a van arrived, and he went to a comfortable hotel. (9) A much wiser Joe now reads every description very carefully. 78 Grammar, Usage ...
Independent Practice
... Adjectives have three forms, two of which are used in comparisons. The positive form is used when no comparison is made. The comparative form is used to compare two items. The superlative form is used to compare three or more items. 1. Maria is small . positive 2. Maria is smaller than the giant. co ...
... Adjectives have three forms, two of which are used in comparisons. The positive form is used when no comparison is made. The comparative form is used to compare two items. The superlative form is used to compare three or more items. 1. Maria is small . positive 2. Maria is smaller than the giant. co ...
Open Information Extraction from Real Internet Texts in Spanish
... asterisk indicates zero or more occurrences. The variable V stands for either a verb optionally preceded by a reflexive pronoun (e.g., se caracterizaron “were characterized”) or a participle (e.g., relacionadas “related”); W stands for a noun, an adjective, an adverb, a pronoun, or an article; P sta ...
... asterisk indicates zero or more occurrences. The variable V stands for either a verb optionally preceded by a reflexive pronoun (e.g., se caracterizaron “were characterized”) or a participle (e.g., relacionadas “related”); W stands for a noun, an adjective, an adverb, a pronoun, or an article; P sta ...
Chinese grammar
This article concerns Standard Chinese. For the grammars of other forms of Chinese, see their respective articles via links on Chinese language and varieties of Chinese.The grammar of Standard Chinese shares many features with other varieties of Chinese. The language almost entirely lacks inflection, so that words typically have only one grammatical form. Categories such as number (singular or plural) and verb tense are frequently not expressed by any grammatical means, although there are several particles that serve to express verbal aspect, and to some extent mood.The basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO). Otherwise, Chinese is chiefly a head-last language, meaning that modifiers precede the words they modify – in a noun phrase, for example, the head noun comes last, and all modifiers, including relative clauses, come in front of it. (This phenomenon is more typically found in SOV languages like Turkish and Japanese.)Chinese frequently uses serial verb constructions, which involve two or more verbs or verb phrases in sequence. Chinese prepositions behave similarly to serialized verbs in some respects (several of the common prepositions can also be used as full verbs), and they are often referred to as coverbs. There are also location markers, placed after a noun, and hence often called postpositions; these are often used in combination with a coverb. Predicate adjectives are normally used without a copular verb (""to be""), and can thus be regarded as a type of verb.As in many east Asian languages, classifiers or measure words are required when using numerals (and sometimes other words such as demonstratives) with nouns. There are many different classifiers in the language, and each countable noun generally has a particular classifier associated with it. Informally, however, it is often acceptable to use the general classifier 个 [個] ge in place of other specific classifiers.Examples given in this article use simplified Chinese characters (with the traditional characters following in brackets if they differ) and standard pinyin Romanization.