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Writing Matters
Writing Matters

... III. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word in each sentence: _______________ 1. Robert gathered his tools and left the construction site. _______________ 2. Over three thousand New Yorkers ran in the marathon. _______________ 3. The blue handkerchief was found under the table. ________ ...
A Large-Scale Japanese CFG Derived from a Syntactically
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... in the corpus) to avoid such problems, this is not enough, as the rules that occur more than once may also increase ambiguity. Since the sentences of a normal, syntactically annotated corpus have “semantically correct” structure, the derived grammar creates many parse results, representing a differ ...
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... but not any number in particular. one both each either neither several all every whole some any a little many much a lot of….. LAY SENGHOR ...
clause - Heartmind Effect
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... (Pronouns include: (I, me, we, us, her, him, it, you, they, them, mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs, this, these, that, those, who, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, and, whatever.) ...
RTF file
RTF file

... CP-B1SG-hit-AF-TERM ‘I was the one who hit him.’ Jaa' x-in-ch'ey-ow-i. he CP-B1SG-hit-AF-TERM ‘He was the one who hit me.’ [Dayley 1985:349] ...
Clause Structure: the three layers
Clause Structure: the three layers

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... 93. As regards the interior arrangement of the sentence, governed words, such as (1) the accusative or dative, expressive of the nearer or remoter objects of verbs, or (2) genitive or other cases governed by a noun or adjective or participle, come usually before, not as in English after, the words w ...
Grammatical Relations in Chinese: Synchronic and Diachronic
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... There are many different kinds of clauses. It would be helpful to review some of the grammar vocabulary we use to talk about clauses. Words and phrases in this color are hyperlinks to the Guide to Grammar & Writing. ...
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... a subject and a predicate; we will refer to sentences as “independent clauses” throughout these workshops. An independent clause might be a sentence in the “starts with a capital, ends with a period” sense—but it might not, too. “The world is round” is an independent clause and a full sentence by it ...
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Some Vietnamese Students` Problems with English

... Vietnamese sentence Anh ấy ngủ [brotherthere-sleep] can be translated into English as He is sleeping, He slept, He sleeps, or He has slept, depending on the context. When adverbial elements such as trước đây [ago, before] or bây giờ [now, at the moment] are used in the sentence, tense- and/or aspect ...
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YET ANOTHER APPLICATION OF INFERENCE IN

... became much better (83%) in the last version. An approximate evaluation of few consequent versions has shown that the global portion of inferred collocations was always less than 8% of the total CDB, and more than 3% gave so high percentage of wrong collocations that the generated subcollections wer ...
Learning Punctuation Through Pattern Recognition
Learning Punctuation Through Pattern Recognition

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Particle verbs and benefactive double objects in English: high and
Particle verbs and benefactive double objects in English: high and

... 2005).1 The particle that heads the small clause is typically related to a preposition; in some cases, the meaning of the particle verb construction can be built up from the meaning of the verb plus the meaning of the particle rather transparently, as in ‘the farmer kicked down the fence’, while in ...
1 Paper accepted for publication in Language Sciences Explaining
1 Paper accepted for publication in Language Sciences Explaining

... the use of null forms and the rule that the case of the subject of the infinitive is dative cannot be rejected. This opinion is clearly expressed by Perlmutter (2007, p. 304), when he states that ‘[w]hile readers are certainly entitled to their opinions about what is desirable or undesirable, it is ...
exercise 1 exercise 2 exercise 3 exercise 4
exercise 1 exercise 2 exercise 3 exercise 4

... consonant when not before a vowel in the following syllable; similarly in the case of the definite article the vowel in the following syllable causes its naturally long vowel to be retained, /`ðij/ . orthography of the definite article is not affected. ...
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Chinese grammar



This article concerns Standard Chinese. For the grammars of other forms of Chinese, see their respective articles via links on Chinese language and varieties of Chinese.The grammar of Standard Chinese shares many features with other varieties of Chinese. The language almost entirely lacks inflection, so that words typically have only one grammatical form. Categories such as number (singular or plural) and verb tense are frequently not expressed by any grammatical means, although there are several particles that serve to express verbal aspect, and to some extent mood.The basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO). Otherwise, Chinese is chiefly a head-last language, meaning that modifiers precede the words they modify – in a noun phrase, for example, the head noun comes last, and all modifiers, including relative clauses, come in front of it. (This phenomenon is more typically found in SOV languages like Turkish and Japanese.)Chinese frequently uses serial verb constructions, which involve two or more verbs or verb phrases in sequence. Chinese prepositions behave similarly to serialized verbs in some respects (several of the common prepositions can also be used as full verbs), and they are often referred to as coverbs. There are also location markers, placed after a noun, and hence often called postpositions; these are often used in combination with a coverb. Predicate adjectives are normally used without a copular verb (""to be""), and can thus be regarded as a type of verb.As in many east Asian languages, classifiers or measure words are required when using numerals (and sometimes other words such as demonstratives) with nouns. There are many different classifiers in the language, and each countable noun generally has a particular classifier associated with it. Informally, however, it is often acceptable to use the general classifier 个 [個] ge in place of other specific classifiers.Examples given in this article use simplified Chinese characters (with the traditional characters following in brackets if they differ) and standard pinyin Romanization.
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