Lexical Functional Grammar Abstract 1 LFG`s syntactic structures
... LFG assumes that two syntactic levels are important in the analysis of linguistic structure. F(unctional)-structure represents abstract grammatical functions like subject and object as well as abstract features like tense and case. Another level, c(onstituent)-structure, represents the concrete phra ...
... LFG assumes that two syntactic levels are important in the analysis of linguistic structure. F(unctional)-structure represents abstract grammatical functions like subject and object as well as abstract features like tense and case. Another level, c(onstituent)-structure, represents the concrete phra ...
A Programmed Introduction
... It is the purpose of this manual to present the principles of exegetically outlining a passage of epistolary or didactic literature for both Greek and English students of the New Testament. The Oxford English Dictionary defines exegesis as “Explanation, exposition (of a sentence, word, etc.); esp. t ...
... It is the purpose of this manual to present the principles of exegetically outlining a passage of epistolary or didactic literature for both Greek and English students of the New Testament. The Oxford English Dictionary defines exegesis as “Explanation, exposition (of a sentence, word, etc.); esp. t ...
Obtaining Hidden Relations from a Syntactically Annotated Corpus
... One of the major factors which changed linguistics during the past twenty years was without a doubt a strong stress on building and exploiting large annotated corpora of natural languages. They serve nowadays as a primary source of evidence for the development and evaluation of linguistic theories a ...
... One of the major factors which changed linguistics during the past twenty years was without a doubt a strong stress on building and exploiting large annotated corpora of natural languages. They serve nowadays as a primary source of evidence for the development and evaluation of linguistic theories a ...
Exploring Learners‟ Developing L2 Collocational Competence
... Many past research studies have indicated that English learners employ certain learning strategies in their acquisition of English collocations. The most frequent strategy on which they depend concerns first language (L1) transfer. As stated by Swan (1997), learners‟ L2 vocabulary learning is often ...
... Many past research studies have indicated that English learners employ certain learning strategies in their acquisition of English collocations. The most frequent strategy on which they depend concerns first language (L1) transfer. As stated by Swan (1997), learners‟ L2 vocabulary learning is often ...
The compound verbal modal predicate
... general terms, a knowledge of grammar is part of our knowledge of the world and of ourselves. The use of language is a distinctively human activity, so it is appropriate for us to understand how it works. The study of grammar enables us to say why [1] is acceptable and [2] is not. It enables us to ...
... general terms, a knowledge of grammar is part of our knowledge of the world and of ourselves. The use of language is a distinctively human activity, so it is appropriate for us to understand how it works. The study of grammar enables us to say why [1] is acceptable and [2] is not. It enables us to ...
An outline for a semantic categorization of adjectives 1
... relevant terminology associated with it. From the grammatical point of view the typical adjective is characterized by four main features: predicative usage, attributive usage, postpositive usage and usage with comparatives, superlatives and intensifiers such as 'very' or ‘completely' (see Huddleston ...
... relevant terminology associated with it. From the grammatical point of view the typical adjective is characterized by four main features: predicative usage, attributive usage, postpositive usage and usage with comparatives, superlatives and intensifiers such as 'very' or ‘completely' (see Huddleston ...
Resolving polysemy in verbs - Laboratorio di Linguistica
... target word, a lexicographer groups similar contexts of occurrence together and gives a pattern specification for each group. Several context patterns may represent a single sense, with patterns varying in syntactic structure and/or the encoding of semantic roles relative to the described event. Whi ...
... target word, a lexicographer groups similar contexts of occurrence together and gives a pattern specification for each group. Several context patterns may represent a single sense, with patterns varying in syntactic structure and/or the encoding of semantic roles relative to the described event. Whi ...
A Programmed Introduction
... It is the purpose of this manual to present the principles of exegetically outlining a passage of epistolary or didactic literature for both Greek and English students of the New Testament. The Oxford English Dictionary defines exegesis as “Explanation, exposition (of a sentence, word, etc.); esp. t ...
... It is the purpose of this manual to present the principles of exegetically outlining a passage of epistolary or didactic literature for both Greek and English students of the New Testament. The Oxford English Dictionary defines exegesis as “Explanation, exposition (of a sentence, word, etc.); esp. t ...
Recent Developments in the Theory of Valency in the Light of the
... and (iii)), although they also have some of the characteristic features of free modifications (see (iv), (v) and (vi)): (i) they are governed (their morphemic shape is determined) by their verbal heads (ii) they occur with a limited class of verbs (iii) they cannot be repeated, however (iv) as to th ...
... and (iii)), although they also have some of the characteristic features of free modifications (see (iv), (v) and (vi)): (i) they are governed (their morphemic shape is determined) by their verbal heads (ii) they occur with a limited class of verbs (iii) they cannot be repeated, however (iv) as to th ...
an investigation into negative sentences in english and vietnamese
... denial rejection, asking or confirming information, making ...
... denial rejection, asking or confirming information, making ...
Grammaticization of reflexive pronoun into a marker of passive
... Siewierska 1988, Kemmer 1993, Grepl & Karlík 1998). However, the Czech reflexive differs from the be-passive, and also from its Russian ...
... Siewierska 1988, Kemmer 1993, Grepl & Karlík 1998). However, the Czech reflexive differs from the be-passive, and also from its Russian ...
Generating Context-Appropriate Word Orders in Turkish
... according to context-dependent word order restrictions found in the language. All Turkish verbs are assigned the ordering category seen in the order feature in Figure 1; this is a function which can use the categorial application rules to rst combine with a focused constituent on its left, then a n ...
... according to context-dependent word order restrictions found in the language. All Turkish verbs are assigned the ordering category seen in the order feature in Figure 1; this is a function which can use the categorial application rules to rst combine with a focused constituent on its left, then a n ...
An Introduction to Cognitive Grammar RONALD
... They are claimed instead to be inherently symbolic, providing for the structuring and conventional symbolization of conceptual content. Lexicon, morphology, and syntax form a continuum of symbolic units, divided only arbitrarily into separate ‘components’-it is ultimately as pointless to analyze gra ...
... They are claimed instead to be inherently symbolic, providing for the structuring and conventional symbolization of conceptual content. Lexicon, morphology, and syntax form a continuum of symbolic units, divided only arbitrarily into separate ‘components’-it is ultimately as pointless to analyze gra ...
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD Pattern: The subjunctive mood is used
... In the first sentence, the main clause is es cierto que. The subordinate clause that follows it does not use the subjunctive mood because the main clause clearly says that the action is not in doubt. In the second example, the main clause is es dudoso que. The subordinate clause that follows it must ...
... In the first sentence, the main clause is es cierto que. The subordinate clause that follows it does not use the subjunctive mood because the main clause clearly says that the action is not in doubt. In the second example, the main clause is es dudoso que. The subordinate clause that follows it must ...
Portuguese Syntax
... At a given level of analysis, we define as constituents of a syntactic unit those words or groups of words that function as immediate ”children” of this syntactic unit. Every syntactic unit must itself be a constituent, the highest node being the sentence. In the sentence O governo Cardoso crescia c ...
... At a given level of analysis, we define as constituents of a syntactic unit those words or groups of words that function as immediate ”children” of this syntactic unit. Every syntactic unit must itself be a constituent, the highest node being the sentence. In the sentence O governo Cardoso crescia c ...
An analysis of the German Perfekti
... B. E before R & R not fixed in relation to S (Ballweg 1988, Zeller 1994, Grewendorf 1995vii) C. E before R & R simultaneous to S, and the second part of this meaning is shiftable (Ehrich and Vater 1989, Ehrich 1992) Under Thieroff’s analysis, the German Perfekt essentially corresponds to the English ...
... B. E before R & R not fixed in relation to S (Ballweg 1988, Zeller 1994, Grewendorf 1995vii) C. E before R & R simultaneous to S, and the second part of this meaning is shiftable (Ehrich and Vater 1989, Ehrich 1992) Under Thieroff’s analysis, the German Perfekt essentially corresponds to the English ...
Portuguese Syntax
... At a given level of analysis, we define as constituents of a syntactic unit those words or groups of words that function as immediate ”children” of this syntactic unit. Every syntactic unit must itself be a constituent, the highest node being the sentence. In the sentence O governo Cardoso crescia c ...
... At a given level of analysis, we define as constituents of a syntactic unit those words or groups of words that function as immediate ”children” of this syntactic unit. Every syntactic unit must itself be a constituent, the highest node being the sentence. In the sentence O governo Cardoso crescia c ...
An analysis of the German Perfekti
... B. E before R & R not fixed in relation to S (Ballweg 1988, Zeller 1994, Grewendorf 1995vii) C. E before R & R simultaneous to S, and the second part of this meaning is shiftable (Ehrich and Vater 1989, Ehrich 1992) Under Thieroff’s analysis, the German Perfekt essentially corresponds to the English ...
... B. E before R & R not fixed in relation to S (Ballweg 1988, Zeller 1994, Grewendorf 1995vii) C. E before R & R simultaneous to S, and the second part of this meaning is shiftable (Ehrich and Vater 1989, Ehrich 1992) Under Thieroff’s analysis, the German Perfekt essentially corresponds to the English ...
Fix-It Student Pages
... • Sometimes commas are missing; sometimes commas are there that do not belong. • Begin to identify #1 Subject and #2 Prepositional openers this week. See the Appendix pages A-3 to 4. ...
... • Sometimes commas are missing; sometimes commas are there that do not belong. • Begin to identify #1 Subject and #2 Prepositional openers this week. See the Appendix pages A-3 to 4. ...
Aspect Marking and Modality in Child Vietnamese
... 2. ADULT VIETNAMESE Vietnamese is an SVO and isolating language, thus has no inflectional morphology. Verbs are not inflected, i.e. they never have a stem change, but there are various markers (separate morphemes) that accompany the verb to express Tense and Aspect. There are two types of expression ...
... 2. ADULT VIETNAMESE Vietnamese is an SVO and isolating language, thus has no inflectional morphology. Verbs are not inflected, i.e. they never have a stem change, but there are various markers (separate morphemes) that accompany the verb to express Tense and Aspect. There are two types of expression ...
Giving Voice to Poetry
... Everybody thinks he has a unique sense of humor. Although both clocks strike cheerfully, neither keeps good time. A plural verb is commonly used when none suggests more than one thing or person: None are so fallible as those who are sure they are right. A compound subject formed of two or more nouns ...
... Everybody thinks he has a unique sense of humor. Although both clocks strike cheerfully, neither keeps good time. A plural verb is commonly used when none suggests more than one thing or person: None are so fallible as those who are sure they are right. A compound subject formed of two or more nouns ...
+++Notes on Editing:2009
... 1. As you read each sentence, pay attention to areas that you know should be checked. Ask yourself as you go, is this comma in the right place, is that the correct way to spell that word, does this sentence conform to acceptable patterns of structure? If changes need to be made, make them at that po ...
... 1. As you read each sentence, pay attention to areas that you know should be checked. Ask yourself as you go, is this comma in the right place, is that the correct way to spell that word, does this sentence conform to acceptable patterns of structure? If changes need to be made, make them at that po ...
Accepted Version - Queen Mary University of London
... negative evidence, which is the absence of a construction in the input. Learning a mapping from sentences to grammaticality does not use assumptions about the distribution from which the observed sentences are drawn, so an absent sentence does not give any evidence that it is not grammatical. Thus, ...
... negative evidence, which is the absence of a construction in the input. Learning a mapping from sentences to grammaticality does not use assumptions about the distribution from which the observed sentences are drawn, so an absent sentence does not give any evidence that it is not grammatical. Thus, ...
Summary of Latin Grammar - Northside Middle School
... C1. Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns and must agree with the word modified in gender, number, and case: ab extrēmīs Galliae fīnibus, from the furthermost territory of Gaul (DbG 1.1) C2. Adjectives, usually in the plural, may be used by themselves with no noun to modify; in this situation they f ...
... C1. Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns and must agree with the word modified in gender, number, and case: ab extrēmīs Galliae fīnibus, from the furthermost territory of Gaul (DbG 1.1) C2. Adjectives, usually in the plural, may be used by themselves with no noun to modify; in this situation they f ...
portuguese syntax
... At a given level of analysis, we define as constituents of a syntactic unit those words or groups of words that function as immediate ”children” of this syntactic unit. Every syntactic unit must itself be a constituent, the highest node being the sentence. In the sentence O governo Cardoso crescia c ...
... At a given level of analysis, we define as constituents of a syntactic unit those words or groups of words that function as immediate ”children” of this syntactic unit. Every syntactic unit must itself be a constituent, the highest node being the sentence. In the sentence O governo Cardoso crescia c ...
Chinese grammar
This article concerns Standard Chinese. For the grammars of other forms of Chinese, see their respective articles via links on Chinese language and varieties of Chinese.The grammar of Standard Chinese shares many features with other varieties of Chinese. The language almost entirely lacks inflection, so that words typically have only one grammatical form. Categories such as number (singular or plural) and verb tense are frequently not expressed by any grammatical means, although there are several particles that serve to express verbal aspect, and to some extent mood.The basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO). Otherwise, Chinese is chiefly a head-last language, meaning that modifiers precede the words they modify – in a noun phrase, for example, the head noun comes last, and all modifiers, including relative clauses, come in front of it. (This phenomenon is more typically found in SOV languages like Turkish and Japanese.)Chinese frequently uses serial verb constructions, which involve two or more verbs or verb phrases in sequence. Chinese prepositions behave similarly to serialized verbs in some respects (several of the common prepositions can also be used as full verbs), and they are often referred to as coverbs. There are also location markers, placed after a noun, and hence often called postpositions; these are often used in combination with a coverb. Predicate adjectives are normally used without a copular verb (""to be""), and can thus be regarded as a type of verb.As in many east Asian languages, classifiers or measure words are required when using numerals (and sometimes other words such as demonstratives) with nouns. There are many different classifiers in the language, and each countable noun generally has a particular classifier associated with it. Informally, however, it is often acceptable to use the general classifier 个 [個] ge in place of other specific classifiers.Examples given in this article use simplified Chinese characters (with the traditional characters following in brackets if they differ) and standard pinyin Romanization.