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English auxiliary verbs
English auxiliary verbs

... Auxiliary verbs serve grammatical functions, for this reason they are said to belong to the functional category of words. The main auxiliary verbs in English are DO, BE and HAVE. Others, which serve to mark ASPECT, MOOD and VOICE include, amongst others CAN, MAY, MIGHT, MUST, OUGHT TO, SHOULD, WILL ...
LIFEPAC® 5th Grade Language Arts Unit 8 Worktext
LIFEPAC® 5th Grade Language Arts Unit 8 Worktext

... structure of language so they can communicate in a meaningful way. Words are divided into classes known as parts of speech. This division gives every word in a sentence a special task. As a result, when the words are arranged in meaningful thought patterns, the words become complete sentences. In th ...
Indirect Objects
Indirect Objects

... The third noun is called an indirect object and is written with the abbreviation IO. The indirect object will always come between the verb and direct object. This third pattern is: SN + V + IO + DO. 1. An indirect object is a noun or pronoun. 2. An indirect object receives what the direct object nam ...
second exam1 - Philadelphia University Jordan
second exam1 - Philadelphia University Jordan

... - Each question has its own mark beside it. -The answer must be written clearly. - Student must not talk or cheat during the exam or he / she will be subject to penalty C. Exam Questions, Grades and Time Allocated for Each Question: Question Minutes Total point ...
Participle and Participial Phrases
Participle and Participial Phrases

... • The present participle is indicated by “ing” attached to a verb (“ing” form), and the past participle is generally indicated by “ed” attached to a verb (except for irregular verbs that have special form of past participle). • These participial forms can function as adjectives (called verbal adject ...
Conjunctive and disjunctive verb forms
Conjunctive and disjunctive verb forms

... There is generally no contrast between CJ and DJ forms with identical TAM-properties in negative sentences. Only the CJ forms appear, e.g. the Nguni –ya- never appears under negation. Again, it seems that analyses incorporating van der Spuy’s hypothesis have nothing to offer, while Hyman & Watters c ...
word formation
word formation

... when referring to distance • Further = to a greater degree, additional, additionally. It refers to time or amount = comparative form of far when meaning much • London is farther north than Juneau. (distance) • This plan requires further study. (additional study, refers to amount) • According to my t ...
Applied Grammar or
Applied Grammar or

... The course will provide a review of the fundamentals of English grammar and the basic logic of written communication. Course Prerequisites/Co-requisites ENG 111 or division approval. Course Objectives Goal One: Parts of Speech ENG 135 teaches the categories of meaning in the English language. By the ...
Chapter 7 - MBrownASDHS
Chapter 7 - MBrownASDHS

... • To sneeze, to smash, to cry, to shriek, to jump, to dunk, to read, to eat, to slurp—all of these are infinitives. An infinitive will almost always begin with to followed by the simple form of the verb, like this: • to + verb = infinitive • Important Note: Because an infinitive is not a verb, you c ...
By the end of 6th grade, I will be able to…. Language 601.1.1
By the end of 6th grade, I will be able to…. Language 601.1.1

... Singular/plural: Singular means one (friend); plural means more and one (friends). Possessives: Possessive nouns show ownership – friend’s and friends’. Agreement: Pronouns must agree with verb. Ex. CORRECT They were playing ball at the park NOT They was playing ball at the park. Subject: These pron ...
C. Exam Questions, Grades and Time Allocated for Each Question
C. Exam Questions, Grades and Time Allocated for Each Question

... - Each question has its own mark beside it. -The answer must be written clearly. - Student must not talk or cheat during the exam or he / she will be subject to penalty C. Exam Questions, Grades and Time Allocated for Each Question: Question Minutes Total point ...
The Main Determinant of English Sentences Comprehension by
The Main Determinant of English Sentences Comprehension by

... 2. Research Background An argument is an expression which helps complete the meaning of a predicate and most predicates take one, two, or three arguments. Traditional argument structure theory holds that the main verb directly determines the form and meaning of the sentence, that is to say, the verb ...
Present progressive
Present progressive

... In English The present perfect indicative is used to say what has or has not happened in a period of time up to the present. It is formed with the present tense of the verb to have and the past participle of the main verb: (I, you) have, (he, she, it) has, (we, you, they) have + past participle. Isa ...
Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns
Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns

... sentence if we already know what the objects refer to. Look at this passage: My little sister got a new apartment across town, but there is no bus service. She saw a used car she liked a lot, but she didn’t have a lot of money. My parents bought it for her. ...
Parts of Speech
Parts of Speech

... A demonstrative pronoun is used to point out a specific person or thing. These pronouns include this, that, these, and those. In the sentence, “Theresa, is this yours?” this is the demonstrative pronoun, and yours is the personal pronoun. An indefinite pronoun often does not refer to a specific or d ...
Verb Tense and Active and Passive Voice (G#4) Presentation
Verb Tense and Active and Passive Voice (G#4) Presentation

... A participle is a form of a verb that can be used as part of a verb, as an adjective, or as a noun. There are two kinds of participles: 1. Present participles end in -ing. 2. Past participles usually end in -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n. ...
Grammar: Keys to being successful writers
Grammar: Keys to being successful writers

... • Tina exercises with care. [how does she exercise] • Tina exercises before breakfast. [when she exercises] • Answers how, when, where, to what extent or why ...
Pretérito perfecto
Pretérito perfecto

... The present perfect is a tense that is used to talk about events that ___________ ___________ happened in relation to the present. You want to go to to a restaurant? But I have already made dinner! We can go to sleep early, because we have studied for Spanish. They ve read a lot of stories lately, s ...
GRAMMAR III
GRAMMAR III

... The PP consists of the sequence preposition + completive, where the preposition is recognised as the ‘head’ element. Prepositions may consist of one word: from, two words: because of, or three: in contact with. All are considered prepositions. The completive (complement/object) may be realised by a ...
L8 Shurley Grammar Student Workbook
L8 Shurley Grammar Student Workbook

... 3. To find a predicate adjective, ask WHAT KIND of subject. 4. A linking verb expresses a state of being and is labeled with the abbreviation LV. A linking verb links, or connects, an adjective in the predicate to the subject. (Common linking verbs: am, is, are, was, were, being, been, appear, becom ...
1. Sentence Fragments
1. Sentence Fragments

... difficult one and it is complicated by the importance of tone, or taste. Take the common expression, "Whom are you, anyways?" That is of course, strictly speaking, correct — and yet how formal, how stilted! The usage to be preferred in ordinary speech and writing is "Who are you, anyways?" "Whom" sh ...
Basic Sentence Parts
Basic Sentence Parts

... Subject of the Sentence 6. Infinitive phrase is a verb form usually introduced by the article “to”, followed by the base form of the verb, its object and modifiers, if any. One of its functions is as a noun substitute. — To generate electricity requires a power source. — To expand its office manpow ...
Sophomore Grammar
Sophomore Grammar

... group of words without a subject-verb pair, not satisfying any of the above criteria can be considered a “generic” phrase. ...
$doc.title

... 1. Recall the earlier example of “the highest student’s grade” 2. Here’s another classic example - consider the two English sentences: “Time flies like an arrow” “Fruit flies like a banana” Though the middle three words are the same in both cases, syntactic analysis will produce quite different resu ...
Using Personal Pronouns
Using Personal Pronouns

... GROUP of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun above the tree, on its side, by them, near her, with me, to you ...
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Chinese grammar



This article concerns Standard Chinese. For the grammars of other forms of Chinese, see their respective articles via links on Chinese language and varieties of Chinese.The grammar of Standard Chinese shares many features with other varieties of Chinese. The language almost entirely lacks inflection, so that words typically have only one grammatical form. Categories such as number (singular or plural) and verb tense are frequently not expressed by any grammatical means, although there are several particles that serve to express verbal aspect, and to some extent mood.The basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO). Otherwise, Chinese is chiefly a head-last language, meaning that modifiers precede the words they modify – in a noun phrase, for example, the head noun comes last, and all modifiers, including relative clauses, come in front of it. (This phenomenon is more typically found in SOV languages like Turkish and Japanese.)Chinese frequently uses serial verb constructions, which involve two or more verbs or verb phrases in sequence. Chinese prepositions behave similarly to serialized verbs in some respects (several of the common prepositions can also be used as full verbs), and they are often referred to as coverbs. There are also location markers, placed after a noun, and hence often called postpositions; these are often used in combination with a coverb. Predicate adjectives are normally used without a copular verb (""to be""), and can thus be regarded as a type of verb.As in many east Asian languages, classifiers or measure words are required when using numerals (and sometimes other words such as demonstratives) with nouns. There are many different classifiers in the language, and each countable noun generally has a particular classifier associated with it. Informally, however, it is often acceptable to use the general classifier 个 [個] ge in place of other specific classifiers.Examples given in this article use simplified Chinese characters (with the traditional characters following in brackets if they differ) and standard pinyin Romanization.
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