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Lecture 13 PP - SEAS
Lecture 13 PP - SEAS

... Lecture 12: adjectival phrases • Adjectival phrases are headed by a degree adverb (so they are DegPs) • DegPs have measure phrases in their specifiers and APs in their complements – [DegP [two sandwiches] [Deg’ too [AP short of a picnic]]] ...
Programming and Problem Solving with Java: Chapter 14
Programming and Problem Solving with Java: Chapter 14

... Chinese, as opposed to formal languages such as C++ and Prolog.  NLP enables computer systems to understand written or spoken utterances made in human languages. ...
FINITENESS: ALL OVER THE CLAUSE Though routinely employed
FINITENESS: ALL OVER THE CLAUSE Though routinely employed

... But can having and lacking meaningfully be looked at as gaining and losing? Yes, diachronically – in case independent predications arise from dependent ones or vice versa, by whatever kind of reanalysis (grammaticalization, analogy). With INDEP/DEP DIFFERENCE thus narrowed down, the question is how ...
Sentence Patterns #4-6
Sentence Patterns #4-6

...  An adverb (adverbial) clause has a subject and a predicate, but cannot stand alone as its own sentence.  Common Adverb Clause beginners: after, although, as, because, before, if, in order that, since, so, though, unless, until, when, where, while  Use a comma after the adverb phrase when it open ...
Proofreading for Spelling, Punctuation, and Sentence Usage/Structure
Proofreading for Spelling, Punctuation, and Sentence Usage/Structure

... 3. If a noun can be located, then it must agree in number and person with the pronoun. Parallel Structure: 1. Scan the paper and stop at any key words that signal parallel structures (sentences that use the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. They ...
PDT 2.0 - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics
PDT 2.0 - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics

... - only the plural form exists at the m-layer, but sg/pl should be disambiguated at the t-layer polite form: "Viděl jste to, Petře?" (Did you see it, Petr?) complex verb form containing an auxiliary verb in plural at the m-layer, but at the t-layer the grammateme number (filled in the reconstructed # ...
Compound Sentences
Compound Sentences

... CLAUSE – a word group that contains a verb and its subject and is used as part of a sentence INDEPENDENT CLAUSE – contains a subject & a verb and a complete thought. This means it can stand alone as a sentence. ◦ The bell rings to start class every day at school. ◦ He stood straight and tall with co ...
SE214 - Maynooth University
SE214 - Maynooth University

... He remembered yet the East India Tea House at the Fair, the sandalwood, the turbans, and the robes, the cool interior and the smell of India tea; and he had felt now the nostalgic thrill of dew-wet mornings in Spring, the cherry scent, the cool clarion earth, the wet loaminess of the garden, the pun ...
li6 2007 inflection and derivation SHORT
li6 2007 inflection and derivation SHORT

... not replaceable by single word ...
Verb Classification
Verb Classification

... into your room and says: ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... When the past infinitive is a reflexive verb, the reflexive pronoun represents the same person as the subject of the sentence. Je ne me souviens pas de m’être promené dans ce parc. USES The PAST INFINITIVE is used instead of the present infinitive to describe an action that takes place before the ac ...
Noun Clauses
Noun Clauses

... Prepositional Phrases At the minimum, a prepositional phrase will begin with a preposition end with a noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause, the "object" of the ...
Research and Teaching Notes
Research and Teaching Notes

... series, and followed by a complement. Japanese students got the position of the subject “ Wo ” correct because of the similarity of the normal position of the subject in both languages. But the other parts of the sentence are out of order. Each sentence has an average of more than 2 word order mista ...
Adverb
Adverb

... Formed from two words, but have become so fused together that the two parts have made a word whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual parts: Anywhere, sometimes, however, always ,almost, already ,together,…. 2.1.4.Adverbial phrases. Formed by a group of two or more words functi ...
English 9 Grammar
English 9 Grammar

...  Interjection  Article ...
nominal group
nominal group

... a quantifier (some, any no, few, a few, many, etc.); a possessive (my, your, whose, the man's, etc.); a demonstrative (this, that, these, those); a numeral (one, two, three etc.); a question word (which, whose, how many, etc.). ...
Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing

... remove_s_list([A|B], [A|C]) :- remove_s_list(B, C). process([B, is, a, A]) :- !, C=..[A, B], note(C). process([A, is, an, B]) :- !, process([A, is, a, B]). process([is, B, a, A]) :- !, C=.. [A, B], check(C). process([is, A, an, B]) :- !, process([is, A, a, B]). process([A, are, B]) :- !, remove_s(A, ...
Grammar Basics: Verbs - Colman Communications Corporation
Grammar Basics: Verbs - Colman Communications Corporation

... What one said was, “Today, I eat,” or “Yesterday, I ate,” or “Tomorrow, I will eat,” so that everyone would know whether one was talking about a past, a present, or a future action. Nemesis: Alas, poor Yorick! I knew him well! Syntax: Ah, which brings us to the matter of tense – not tense like an ac ...
Protocol for Analyses of Language Content
Protocol for Analyses of Language Content

... 12. Subordinating Conjunction Ex: The girl did not go to school today because she is sick. 13. Embedded Wh-Question Ex: Chantelle saw where the student went. 14. Complex Wh-Interrogative Ex: What does he think is for lunch today? 15. Complex infinitive phrase Ex: I know how to do my homework. 16. Re ...
Infinitive or ing-Form? - Stefan M. Moser`s Homepage
Infinitive or ing-Form? - Stefan M. Moser`s Homepage

... Remark 3. Dare has two fundamentally different meanings. With object it means “defy or challenge someone to do something”: • She was daring him to disagree. In this form it always is verb + to infinitive. Without object it means “have the courage to do something” and can look verb + to infinitive or ...
1 - Helping you work in Europe - Helping you work within Europe
1 - Helping you work in Europe - Helping you work within Europe

... Verb tense and verb aspect cannot be understood without our first introducing two new terms: speaking time and event time. Speaking time is defined as the point in time of speaking or writing a text. Thus, I am writing now. Or if I were to speak, "I am saying now." Speaking time is the absolute pres ...
Noun
Noun

...  A preposition may be defined as connecting word showing the relation of a noun or a noun substitute to some other word in the sentence (the squirrel in the tree; the preposition in shows the relationship between the squirrel and the tree.). Over ninety percent of preposition usage involves these n ...
Top 10 Most Common Grammar Problems
Top 10 Most Common Grammar Problems

... Incorrect conjunction and conjunctive adverb: Stacy meant to drop off her books at home and dropped them off at work otherwise. Better: Stacy meant to drop off her books at home but dropped them off at work instead. ...
Verbs
Verbs

...  The present tense : habits and generalizations  The past tense: habits, generalizations, and return journeys ...
Chapter 1
Chapter 1

... 1. The impersonal se can be the subject of the third person singular form of a verb without an object. It can mean they, one, or you. Se vive bien en este pueblo. They (people) live well in this town. Se trabaja mucho en este pais. One works a lot in this country. 2. The pronoun se can also be used ...
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Portuguese grammar

Portuguese grammar, the morphology and syntax of the Portuguese language, is similar to the grammar of most other Romance languages—especially that of Spanish, and even more so to that of Galician. It is a relatively synthetic, fusional language.Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles are moderately inflected: there are two genders (masculine and feminine) and two numbers (singular and plural). The case system of the ancestor language, Latin, has been lost, but personal pronouns are still declined with three main types of forms: subject, object of verb, and object of preposition. Most nouns and many adjectives can take diminutive or augmentative derivational suffixes, and most adjectives can take a so-called ""superlative"" derivational suffix. Adjectives usually follow the noun.Verbs are highly inflected: there are three tenses (past, present, future), three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), three aspects (perfective, imperfective, and progressive), three voices (active, passive, reflexive), and an inflected infinitive. Most perfect and imperfect tenses are synthetic, totaling 11 conjugational paradigms, while all progressive tenses and passive constructions are periphrastic. As in other Romance languages, there is also an impersonal passive construction, with the agent replaced by an indefinite pronoun. Portuguese is basically an SVO language, although SOV syntax may occur with a few object pronouns, and word order is generally not as rigid as in English. It is a null subject language, with a tendency to drop object pronouns as well, in colloquial varieties. Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: ser and estar.It has a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Romance languages, such as a synthetic pluperfect, a future subjunctive tense, the inflected infinitive, and a present perfect with an iterative sense. A rare feature of Portuguese is mesoclisis, the infixing of clitic pronouns in some verbal forms.
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