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The Complex Sentence. Adverbial Clauses
The Complex Sentence. Adverbial Clauses

... 3. The A.m. of condition is expressed by a noun or a pronoun preceded by the prepositions and conjunctions but for, except for, in case, by a participle or an adjective with the conjunctions if, unless(if necessary,…), by a gerundial phrase introduced by the prep. without, by an adv.clause of condit ...
湖南省第一师范学院外语系备课用纸
湖南省第一师范学院外语系备课用纸

... Nominal substitution means the replacement of a noun or a noun phrase by a nominal substitute, eg.. He doesn't like this book. Show him a more interesting one. If you want a typewriter, they will provide you with one. There are good films as well as bad ones. Nominal substitutes include such items a ...
Lexicalization of Serbian Verbs: Evidence from - e
Lexicalization of Serbian Verbs: Evidence from - e

... realized in a certain context. Furthermore, by having the lexical items underspecified, polysemy can be resolved. In his Generative Lexicon, Pustejovsky (1995) describes polysemy by stating that a verb is polysemous when it is truly ambiguous or it can have different meaning depending on the context ...
10.1 Structures of kernel sentence in Assamese 10.1.1 A kernel
10.1 Structures of kernel sentence in Assamese 10.1.1 A kernel

... ’Either sLu or you go ’ ...
The Origin of the Latin Gerund and Gerundive
The Origin of the Latin Gerund and Gerundive

... example of an inherited PIE abstract in *-ter/n- is the noun iter, gen. itineris (older itinis) ‘way, journey’, there are no derivationally related forms in *-ndo-, *-nno- or any other thinkable reflex of *-tno-. Typologically similar to the Risch-Sturtevant theory, and thus inadequate as well, is M ...
Chapter 6 Syntax: Words in Combination
Chapter 6 Syntax: Words in Combination

... represent the constituent structure of this sentence would be to use a branching labeled tree diagram, where every node connecting two branches represents a constituent, labeled for its phrase type (each discussed in more detail below; see Sidebar 6.3) and the lexical class of each word. Figure 6.1 ...
Semantics III: Parsing, logical form, abduction
Semantics III: Parsing, logical form, abduction

... (including wh-Constructions) filler ...
Introduction to Venetic
Introduction to Venetic

...  *ŏ remains distinct from *ă, unlike in Messapic and Germanic  *ō remains distinct from *ā, unlike in Messapic, Germanic and (in initial syllables) in Celtic  *ē is preserved, as in Latin and Faliscan, and unlike the raising seen in Umbrian, Oscan and Celtic and the lowering in Messapic  *a ...
Sentences: Simple, Compound, and Complex
Sentences: Simple, Compound, and Complex

... dependent clause in sentence D is required, and experienced listeners of English will often hear a slight pause there. In sentence E, however, there will be no pause when the independent clause begins the sentence. COMPLEX SENTENCES / ADJECTIVE CLAUSES Finally, sentences containing adjective clauses ...
Document
Document

... Different verbs can relate different numbers of entities: transitive versus intransitive verbs. Tightly related verb arguments are called complements but less tightly related ones are called adjuncts. Prototypical examples of adjuncts tell us time, place, or manner of the action or state described b ...
Participle-Converbs in Iron Ossetic: Syntactic and Semantic
Participle-Converbs in Iron Ossetic: Syntactic and Semantic

... Russian-language sources prefer to call these forms "participle-converbs" (pričastiedeepričastie), a term probably originating in ABAEV (1970). Prior grammars used different terms. MILLER (1882: 221-222) called the form in -gɐ a participle or a converb depending on its use, while considering the for ...
The Icelandic Subjunctive
The Icelandic Subjunctive

... Phonologically, Icelandic has undergone numerous radical changes. The syntax is still similar to Old Norse syntax, although it has changed more than the morphology. ...
SAT Subject Tests - collegereadiness
SAT Subject Tests - collegereadiness

... The underlined indirect statement has the reflexive pronoun sē (referring to Agricola) as its accusative subject, the noun puellam (girl) as its accusative direct object and the future infinitive vīsūrum esse (to be about to see) as its verb. The use of the masculine future active participle vīsūrum ...
Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers PPt I
Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers PPt I

... Example: If you stay close to the shore for little boats, the risk of sinking is reduced. (For little boats is close to shore and seems to be modifying shore.)  Improved: If you stay close to the shore, the risk of sinking for little boats is reduced.  Dangling modifier is one where the word modif ...
Chapter I LINGUISTICS
Chapter I LINGUISTICS

... and the target contexts. In these early approaches to translation, the notion of equivalence between the two texts played a major part. However, things started to change with the development of the descriptive translation studies, which concentrated on the actual translations, submitting them to det ...
Morphology Notes - Université d`Ottawa
Morphology Notes - Université d`Ottawa

... • In many languages, a word can have more than one prefix or suffix. • English example: ‘helplessness’ • Noun (N) base/root ‘help’ + suffix ‘less’ to yield the adjective ‘helpless’ • ‘helpless’ serves as the base for the suffix ‘ness’ to yield the noun (N) ‘helplessness’ ...
small clauses and participial constructions - E
small clauses and participial constructions - E

... between verbs and Tenses, which amounts to the requirement that each verb should be integrated into a Tense chain, which identifies the verb. The present participle clause is integrated into the Tense chain of the matrix, the matrix RT, serving as an anchor for the participle. The role of the ing mo ...
Kaplan University Writing Center
Kaplan University Writing Center

...  obligation by adding “should” or possibility by adding “could” before it; and  a particular meaning by having a preposition attached (“go out”). This is called a “phrasal verb.” For more details and examples of verb forms, tenses, helping verbs such as “is” and “should,” and phrasal verbs, please ...
9th Grade - Rialto Unified School District
9th Grade - Rialto Unified School District

... Verbs ...
PDF - UCSB Linguistics
PDF - UCSB Linguistics

... 1 COORDINATION BY INTONATION A survey of spontaneousspoken texts in a variety of languagesindicates ...
Morphology in Word Grammar
Morphology in Word Grammar

... but their indirect effect on the mental network is profound as they guide us in retrieving information. We shall see below how important they are in WG when considering the logic of default inheritance. Where do procedures fit into this view of the mind? The network itself is, of course, purely decl ...
Are Nouns Easier to Learn Than Verbs? Three Experimental Studies
Are Nouns Easier to Learn Than Verbs? Three Experimental Studies

... across different studies and not in the same study), it is common for novel objects in a noun learning study (or condition) to be shown as static objects, while in verb studies (conditions), objects are shown in dynamic events. That means that children learning verbs must attend to moving dynamic ev ...
Re-discovering the Quechua adjective
Re-discovering the Quechua adjective

... noun modifiers be used anaphorically for a full noun phrase? (Sections 5 and 6.) These criteria are based on known recurring crosslinguistic patterns. Different linguists might favor some of them over others, but the fact that so many different features tend to align along the noun/adjective border, ...
part iv: subordination - Universitatea din Craiova
part iv: subordination - Universitatea din Craiova

... 1.1. In linguistics, there are two basic approaches to syntax: the nonformalist approach and the formalist approach. With the exception of cognitive-functionalist grammars, nonformalist grammars tend to be descriptive, while the most important formalist approaches tend to be theoretical. (descriptiv ...
the subject preference in the processing of locally ambiguous wh
the subject preference in the processing of locally ambiguous wh

... They were asked to carry out the task as fast as possible. The questionnaire was given to the subjects at the end of their class time, so that 40 minutes were left for work on the questionnaire. There were 40 distractor items and 40 experimental items with the structural properties described above, ...
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Portuguese grammar

Portuguese grammar, the morphology and syntax of the Portuguese language, is similar to the grammar of most other Romance languages—especially that of Spanish, and even more so to that of Galician. It is a relatively synthetic, fusional language.Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles are moderately inflected: there are two genders (masculine and feminine) and two numbers (singular and plural). The case system of the ancestor language, Latin, has been lost, but personal pronouns are still declined with three main types of forms: subject, object of verb, and object of preposition. Most nouns and many adjectives can take diminutive or augmentative derivational suffixes, and most adjectives can take a so-called ""superlative"" derivational suffix. Adjectives usually follow the noun.Verbs are highly inflected: there are three tenses (past, present, future), three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), three aspects (perfective, imperfective, and progressive), three voices (active, passive, reflexive), and an inflected infinitive. Most perfect and imperfect tenses are synthetic, totaling 11 conjugational paradigms, while all progressive tenses and passive constructions are periphrastic. As in other Romance languages, there is also an impersonal passive construction, with the agent replaced by an indefinite pronoun. Portuguese is basically an SVO language, although SOV syntax may occur with a few object pronouns, and word order is generally not as rigid as in English. It is a null subject language, with a tendency to drop object pronouns as well, in colloquial varieties. Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: ser and estar.It has a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Romance languages, such as a synthetic pluperfect, a future subjunctive tense, the inflected infinitive, and a present perfect with an iterative sense. A rare feature of Portuguese is mesoclisis, the infixing of clitic pronouns in some verbal forms.
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