The choice bli-s-June-99
... the fact that the morphological passive, the one obtained by adding –s to the tense marked verb, is only productively used in the present tense and in the infinitive. Western sees this as a consequence of his general rule, viz. that the s-form is used when the actions do not have specific time refer ...
... the fact that the morphological passive, the one obtained by adding –s to the tense marked verb, is only productively used in the present tense and in the infinitive. Western sees this as a consequence of his general rule, viz. that the s-form is used when the actions do not have specific time refer ...
english grammar - Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft
... implies that the window is closed at the speech time, but Russian differs in a crucial way from the other two languages. In German and English it is not possible to specify the agent by means of a by-phrase. And it is not possible to localize the event by a temporal adverb. We explain the difference ...
... implies that the window is closed at the speech time, but Russian differs in a crucial way from the other two languages. In German and English it is not possible to specify the agent by means of a by-phrase. And it is not possible to localize the event by a temporal adverb. We explain the difference ...
Prefixes and the Delimitation of Events*
... a fixed boundary. This does not hold for a mass noun like sugar, and hence it can be “packaged” by means of explicit measure expressions like a pound of, as in a pound of sugar. Similarly, a pound of oranges is acceptable, because bare plurals like oranges describe unlimited quantities of objects th ...
... a fixed boundary. This does not hold for a mass noun like sugar, and hence it can be “packaged” by means of explicit measure expressions like a pound of, as in a pound of sugar. Similarly, a pound of oranges is acceptable, because bare plurals like oranges describe unlimited quantities of objects th ...
Double Double, Morphology and Trouble: Looking into
... shown in (13). So there is this sense of either being able to distribute the action over time repeatedly or distribute/apply the action over different objects, when the semantics of the event does not allow the action to be repeated again and again, such as killing one animal.4 The examples in (7) s ...
... shown in (13). So there is this sense of either being able to distribute the action over time repeatedly or distribute/apply the action over different objects, when the semantics of the event does not allow the action to be repeated again and again, such as killing one animal.4 The examples in (7) s ...
Arguments for Pseudo-Resultative Predicates
... these predicates would be to treat them as resultative adverbs. Geuder (2000) analyzes resultative adverbs with an aim towards accounting for the relation between predicates such as beautiful in contexts where they seem to be ‘adjectival’ predicates of individuals, and those where they appear to be ...
... these predicates would be to treat them as resultative adverbs. Geuder (2000) analyzes resultative adverbs with an aim towards accounting for the relation between predicates such as beautiful in contexts where they seem to be ‘adjectival’ predicates of individuals, and those where they appear to be ...
Reciprocal markers in Adyghe, their relations and interactions
... assistive. Sociative is marked with the combinations of prefixes ze-de- of the reciprocal and the comitative markers (see section 5.1) and zere-gъe- of the reciprocal and the causative markers (see section 5.2). All these means are very often co-occurent with the iterative suffix -z’y. This prefix h ...
... assistive. Sociative is marked with the combinations of prefixes ze-de- of the reciprocal and the comitative markers (see section 5.1) and zere-gъe- of the reciprocal and the causative markers (see section 5.2). All these means are very often co-occurent with the iterative suffix -z’y. This prefix h ...
Formal Commands - Villanova University
... Buy the candy. (familiar) Informal, or familiar, speech is used among friends, coworkers, ...
... Buy the candy. (familiar) Informal, or familiar, speech is used among friends, coworkers, ...
Pseudo-Ergativity in Chukotko-Kamchatkan
... Capturing these facts is ultimately important for a complete description of Itelmen agreement, and while they are intriguing deviations from a “clean” pattern, it must be stressed that neither constitutes a counter-example to the claims that (a) the prefixes reference only the features of the subjec ...
... Capturing these facts is ultimately important for a complete description of Itelmen agreement, and while they are intriguing deviations from a “clean” pattern, it must be stressed that neither constitutes a counter-example to the claims that (a) the prefixes reference only the features of the subjec ...
Verbal stem space and verb to noun conversion in French - Hal-SHS
... When the verb belongs to the second conjugation group, none of the verbal stems is identical to the base lexeme’s stem 2. As presented in Table 3 with the verb FINIR, second conjugation verbs only have two distinct stems, illustrated by stem 1 and stem 3, with a systematic /is/!/i/ alternation. And, ...
... When the verb belongs to the second conjugation group, none of the verbal stems is identical to the base lexeme’s stem 2. As presented in Table 3 with the verb FINIR, second conjugation verbs only have two distinct stems, illustrated by stem 1 and stem 3, with a systematic /is/!/i/ alternation. And, ...
Where the Past is in the Perfect
... the main clause (especially the case of a past tense occurring in the complement of an intensional verb of speech or belief). I take the semantic property of past-shifting to be the criterial diagnostic property of what I call true past tense. Since this assumption is not universally shared, I will ...
... the main clause (especially the case of a past tense occurring in the complement of an intensional verb of speech or belief). I take the semantic property of past-shifting to be the criterial diagnostic property of what I call true past tense. Since this assumption is not universally shared, I will ...
Handout available here - seven
... (d) [–event, +affect]: patientive, e.g. ”to· kasíla ‘I’m cold’ • Sometimes individual lexical items show idiosyncratic behaviour, to varying degrees in different languages (see e.g. Mithun 1991). – e.g. Mohawk verb meaning ‘throw’ takes patientive marking even though it denotes a controlled event wh ...
... (d) [–event, +affect]: patientive, e.g. ”to· kasíla ‘I’m cold’ • Sometimes individual lexical items show idiosyncratic behaviour, to varying degrees in different languages (see e.g. Mithun 1991). – e.g. Mohawk verb meaning ‘throw’ takes patientive marking even though it denotes a controlled event wh ...
Passive Resistance in Spanish
... ~ Spanish and English appear to be similar in having parallel passive constructions (be / ser + past participle), but the circumstances in which these can be used are quite different. ~ Spanish actually has a number of constructions which qualify to be called passives in the sense that the subject o ...
... ~ Spanish and English appear to be similar in having parallel passive constructions (be / ser + past participle), but the circumstances in which these can be used are quite different. ~ Spanish actually has a number of constructions which qualify to be called passives in the sense that the subject o ...
Online Syntactic Storage Costs in Sentence
... such structures. Similarly, the fact that people have little difficulty processing unbounded leftbranching structures implies that the HSPM cannot be entirely top-down, because such a mechanism would require an unbounded quantity of resources for such structures. The HSPM must therefore be partially ...
... such structures. Similarly, the fact that people have little difficulty processing unbounded leftbranching structures implies that the HSPM cannot be entirely top-down, because such a mechanism would require an unbounded quantity of resources for such structures. The HSPM must therefore be partially ...
A Brief Syntactic Typology of Philippine Languages
... comparable. Data that is cited from published materials therefore reflect the actual spelling conventions of the original (except that clitics are indicated with an equals sign whether or not they are written with a space between them or joined to their host in the original). Literal and free transl ...
... comparable. Data that is cited from published materials therefore reflect the actual spelling conventions of the original (except that clitics are indicated with an equals sign whether or not they are written with a space between them or joined to their host in the original). Literal and free transl ...
English passive voice
... is formed periphrastically: the usual form uses the auxiliary verb be (or get) together with the past participle of the main verb. For example, Caesar was stabbed by Brutus uses the passive voice. The subject denotes the person (Caesar) affected by the action of the verb. The agent is expressed here ...
... is formed periphrastically: the usual form uses the auxiliary verb be (or get) together with the past participle of the main verb. For example, Caesar was stabbed by Brutus uses the passive voice. The subject denotes the person (Caesar) affected by the action of the verb. The agent is expressed here ...
Lexical aspect in English
... (15) Tried twice to start reading that and couldn't get interested at all (s1a-016 214) I suppose because it gets light now and ... the birdies start singing (s1a 019 298) And so I started applying for jobs in that field journalism and in publishing and just anything like that (s1a-034 179) A brief ...
... (15) Tried twice to start reading that and couldn't get interested at all (s1a-016 214) I suppose because it gets light now and ... the birdies start singing (s1a 019 298) And so I started applying for jobs in that field journalism and in publishing and just anything like that (s1a-034 179) A brief ...
The ergative features of Papuan and Austronesian languages
... Hence, Drehu shows a mixture of semantically based marking2 and morphological based marking: in the past tense, nominal NPs are marked "according to their actual role in a given instance of use of a verb" ; with the perfective aspect, the argument marking is strictly ergative, whereas with the imper ...
... Hence, Drehu shows a mixture of semantically based marking2 and morphological based marking: in the past tense, nominal NPs are marked "according to their actual role in a given instance of use of a verb" ; with the perfective aspect, the argument marking is strictly ergative, whereas with the imper ...
Dative verbs: A crosslinguistic perspective
... associated with the caused possession and caused motion schemas, thus supporting the verb-sensitive approach. The give-type verbs are the prototypical dative verbs: they inherently lexicalize caused possession, and, concomitantly, they select a recipient, allowing them to be associated with the cau ...
... associated with the caused possession and caused motion schemas, thus supporting the verb-sensitive approach. The give-type verbs are the prototypical dative verbs: they inherently lexicalize caused possession, and, concomitantly, they select a recipient, allowing them to be associated with the cau ...
DEFINING TRANSITIVITY AND INTRANSITIVITY: SPLIT
... the traditional form of the X-bar model, subject is considered to be generated in Spec. of IP where it is assigned nominative case by the tense and agreement features of INFL. This research deals with a proposal which has recently been gaining ground in the literature through a number of studies by ...
... the traditional form of the X-bar model, subject is considered to be generated in Spec. of IP where it is assigned nominative case by the tense and agreement features of INFL. This research deals with a proposal which has recently been gaining ground in the literature through a number of studies by ...
English Object Alternations: A Unified Account
... The limited productivity of object alternations has received considerable attention in studies of child language acquisition since it suggests that there is more to learning alternations than learning a list of the alternating verbs (e.g., Bowerman 1982, Pinker 1989). An account of object alternatio ...
... The limited productivity of object alternations has received considerable attention in studies of child language acquisition since it suggests that there is more to learning alternations than learning a list of the alternating verbs (e.g., Bowerman 1982, Pinker 1989). An account of object alternatio ...
Participles: Form, Use and Meaning (PartFUM)
... formed on the basis of verbs that have a state component in their meaning (for passive participles, see, e.g., Rapp 1997, Gehrke 2015), that only perfective participles can be used in ‘proper’ periphrastic passives in Russian (e.g. Schoorlemmer 1995, Paslawska & von Stechow 2003), that complex relat ...
... formed on the basis of verbs that have a state component in their meaning (for passive participles, see, e.g., Rapp 1997, Gehrke 2015), that only perfective participles can be used in ‘proper’ periphrastic passives in Russian (e.g. Schoorlemmer 1995, Paslawska & von Stechow 2003), that complex relat ...
Case and Event Structure
... The picture is complicated by the putative existence of purely uninterpretable features. Chomsky 1999 suggests that structural Case is the paradigmatic uninterpretable feature, as it does not contribute to the interpretation of the noun phrase. However, Pesetsky and Torrego 2000 argue that nominativ ...
... The picture is complicated by the putative existence of purely uninterpretable features. Chomsky 1999 suggests that structural Case is the paradigmatic uninterpretable feature, as it does not contribute to the interpretation of the noun phrase. However, Pesetsky and Torrego 2000 argue that nominativ ...
ROA 1229 - Rutgers Optimality Archive
... coverage than existing analyses, in a more uniform manner. In extending the analysis to derived verbs, it is necessary to make a comparison to palatalisation in the nominal domain. Derived infinitives may in fact not apply palatalisation, both stem-internally and at the morpheme boundary. However, I ...
... coverage than existing analyses, in a more uniform manner. In extending the analysis to derived verbs, it is necessary to make a comparison to palatalisation in the nominal domain. Derived infinitives may in fact not apply palatalisation, both stem-internally and at the morpheme boundary. However, I ...
1 10. Hortative (Excerpt from Eggleston, 2013) The hortative is the
... potential modes. Note that this only occurs with Ø conjugation verbs, and never with na, ga, or ga conjugation verbs. These are notated in the verb theme in parentheses, following the verb’s conjugation prefix and verb type as: CVV Imp/Hort/Pot. For example, the theme for the first example given bel ...
... potential modes. Note that this only occurs with Ø conjugation verbs, and never with na, ga, or ga conjugation verbs. These are notated in the verb theme in parentheses, following the verb’s conjugation prefix and verb type as: CVV Imp/Hort/Pot. For example, the theme for the first example given bel ...