Trisdesimt ketvirtoji pamoka Lesson 34
... 'I would be beaten', etc. etc. ('I would have been beaten') Present Perfect Subjunctive , Passive Voice (Actional Passive) as bi'.i.ciau buv~s musamas, -a 'I would have been (being) beaten' etc. etc. Present Perfect Subjunctive , Passive Voice (Statal Passive): as buciau buv~s mustas, -a 'I would ha ...
... 'I would be beaten', etc. etc. ('I would have been beaten') Present Perfect Subjunctive , Passive Voice (Actional Passive) as bi'.i.ciau buv~s musamas, -a 'I would have been (being) beaten' etc. etc. Present Perfect Subjunctive , Passive Voice (Statal Passive): as buciau buv~s mustas, -a 'I would ha ...
Reflexivity and adjustment strategies at the interfaces
... since they violate the double chain condition, which forces nominal elements to share both a tense and thematic features with the verb and the tense heads. Noninherent reflexive verbs require the presence of a SELF-anaphor, which is formed out of a SE-anaphor along with a protector SELF element. The ...
... since they violate the double chain condition, which forces nominal elements to share both a tense and thematic features with the verb and the tense heads. Noninherent reflexive verbs require the presence of a SELF-anaphor, which is formed out of a SE-anaphor along with a protector SELF element. The ...
How many theta roles in a reflexive verb?
... verb), middle reflexive (a strategy restricted to a lexically determined class of verbs), secondary reflexive (used with oblique NPs), etc. These categories do not play a role in our discussion. See also Dimitriadis & Everaert (2004). We know that there are two theta roles because they are assigned ...
... verb), middle reflexive (a strategy restricted to a lexically determined class of verbs), secondary reflexive (used with oblique NPs), etc. These categories do not play a role in our discussion. See also Dimitriadis & Everaert (2004). We know that there are two theta roles because they are assigned ...
e diachrony of light and auxiliary verbs in Indo-Aryan
... e morphological similarity or identity of IA converbs and absolutives ultimately derives from the same morphological source: the Old Indo-Aryan converb.7 Since I consider early IA examples which are at least potentially ambiguous between converb and CV readings, for Sanskrit and Pāli examples I uti ...
... e morphological similarity or identity of IA converbs and absolutives ultimately derives from the same morphological source: the Old Indo-Aryan converb.7 Since I consider early IA examples which are at least potentially ambiguous between converb and CV readings, for Sanskrit and Pāli examples I uti ...
1 Labeling (Romance) causatives* Adriana Belletti University of
... functional verb fare, with a small v-‐Case head responsible for the assignment of dative Case through Agree to the external argument of the infinitival verb phrase. The causative voice head has ...
... functional verb fare, with a small v-‐Case head responsible for the assignment of dative Case through Agree to the external argument of the infinitival verb phrase. The causative voice head has ...
Functions of the Czech reflexive marker
... cause is a distinctive property of the construction in question, this construction is most commonly referred to as the ‘anticausative’. 4 The subject referent in (4), too, is an inanimate entity. Nevertheless, in this case no seeming spontaneity of the event is being communicated. Rather, we are de ...
... cause is a distinctive property of the construction in question, this construction is most commonly referred to as the ‘anticausative’. 4 The subject referent in (4), too, is an inanimate entity. Nevertheless, in this case no seeming spontaneity of the event is being communicated. Rather, we are de ...
Auxiliaries in spoken Sinhala
... definition, a frequent, cross-linguistically attested development is that main verbs over time develop into grammatical markers. This development happens gradually, so that main verbs shed some of their lexical meaning and acquire the grammatical meanings of tense, modality, or aspect, and thus chang ...
... definition, a frequent, cross-linguistically attested development is that main verbs over time develop into grammatical markers. This development happens gradually, so that main verbs shed some of their lexical meaning and acquire the grammatical meanings of tense, modality, or aspect, and thus chang ...
Basic English Grammar Module Unit 2B: The Verbal Group: Tenses
... When you are constructing your verbal groups you have to know the appropriate combinations within this structure for each tense. Table 1 may help you with this. In these tables a ...
... When you are constructing your verbal groups you have to know the appropriate combinations within this structure for each tense. Table 1 may help you with this. In these tables a ...
Constraining XP Sequences
... for constraining the number, type and order of functional projections that human language allows. In general, this obviates the need for postulating a variety of types of functional projection and constructions in which they occur. Instead, the Basic Projection Sequence constitutes an elemental ling ...
... for constraining the number, type and order of functional projections that human language allows. In general, this obviates the need for postulating a variety of types of functional projection and constructions in which they occur. Instead, the Basic Projection Sequence constitutes an elemental ling ...
Here - plaza
... Sometimes this happens more than once in a single word, like Akankiritwa, (“I am from here”): in this case, a noun becomes a verb that becomes a noun that becomes a verb again! The forms that result from all of these changes are either nouns or nominal verbs. – They do not ever become “real” verbs, ...
... Sometimes this happens more than once in a single word, like Akankiritwa, (“I am from here”): in this case, a noun becomes a verb that becomes a noun that becomes a verb again! The forms that result from all of these changes are either nouns or nominal verbs. – They do not ever become “real” verbs, ...
What is a Gerund
... Infinitives: to swim, to hope, to tell, to eat, to dream Their functions, however, overlap. Gerunds always function as nouns, but infinitives often also serve as nouns. Deciding which to use can be confusing in many situations, especially for people whose first language is not English. Confusion bet ...
... Infinitives: to swim, to hope, to tell, to eat, to dream Their functions, however, overlap. Gerunds always function as nouns, but infinitives often also serve as nouns. Deciding which to use can be confusing in many situations, especially for people whose first language is not English. Confusion bet ...
Complex Passive Constructions in Norwegian
... The gist of the construction is that, for each pair, the subject of First-verb is what would have been the subject of VPSecond-verb, if this VP had been the constituting VP of a clause by itself; as a result, in the full sequence, the subject of VI is whatever would have been the subject of VF. The ...
... The gist of the construction is that, for each pair, the subject of First-verb is what would have been the subject of VPSecond-verb, if this VP had been the constituting VP of a clause by itself; as a result, in the full sequence, the subject of VI is whatever would have been the subject of VF. The ...
ASPECTS OF THE SEMANTICS OF THE AKAN
... It would be realised that it is only (b) which can seen as a phrasal verb. (A) is an ordinary verb phrase which exhibits a verb + adjunct pattern, in which ‘di’ is a locative verb which denotes location or position and movement simultaneously. It covers a semantic area complementary or similar to ‘g ...
... It would be realised that it is only (b) which can seen as a phrasal verb. (A) is an ordinary verb phrase which exhibits a verb + adjunct pattern, in which ‘di’ is a locative verb which denotes location or position and movement simultaneously. It covers a semantic area complementary or similar to ‘g ...
Chapter 3: PERFECT AND PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES
... is used to express an event that happened a long, long time ago. In using the past perfect, when an event occurred in the past is important only in relation to another time in the past. • The expression “by the time” usually needs some explanation. It conveys the idea that one event was, or will be, ...
... is used to express an event that happened a long, long time ago. In using the past perfect, when an event occurred in the past is important only in relation to another time in the past. • The expression “by the time” usually needs some explanation. It conveys the idea that one event was, or will be, ...
Full Paper
... Being Actor Voice is likely a syntactic invariant of Malagasy grammar [K&S]. This property is syntactically significant in that: (1) Only AV verbs are m-initial in present tense; (2) AV verbs form imperatives (K&P, Koopman 2005) by suffixing -a, non-AV verbs suffix -o (= /u/), or -y (= /i/) if the r ...
... Being Actor Voice is likely a syntactic invariant of Malagasy grammar [K&S]. This property is syntactically significant in that: (1) Only AV verbs are m-initial in present tense; (2) AV verbs form imperatives (K&P, Koopman 2005) by suffixing -a, non-AV verbs suffix -o (= /u/), or -y (= /i/) if the r ...
Reanalysis of Verb and Preposition In English
... In examples (7b) and (8b), if the verb in each V+P sequence (i.e., argued about and talked to) could combine with the following preposition to form a complex verb through (optional) reanalysis, making the NP following the preposition a verbal object of the given complex verb, it would be possible fo ...
... In examples (7b) and (8b), if the verb in each V+P sequence (i.e., argued about and talked to) could combine with the following preposition to form a complex verb through (optional) reanalysis, making the NP following the preposition a verbal object of the given complex verb, it would be possible fo ...
CHAPTER FIVE
... shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, and ought to and the latter includes had better, have (got) to, be able to, used to, and would rather. In this study, only pure modal verbs are analyzed because the meaning of semi-modal verbs is easier than that of pure modal verbs. As for the meanings ...
... shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, and ought to and the latter includes had better, have (got) to, be able to, used to, and would rather. In this study, only pure modal verbs are analyzed because the meaning of semi-modal verbs is easier than that of pure modal verbs. As for the meanings ...
The Position of Direct and Indirect Objects of Ditransitive Verbs
... 2.1 The English verb: valency, transitivity and complementation A specific feature of the English verb is that it has a potential for occurring in various clause structures and for combining with other clause elements. This feature is called valency (Allerton, 1982, p. 2). Regarding the valency of t ...
... 2.1 The English verb: valency, transitivity and complementation A specific feature of the English verb is that it has a potential for occurring in various clause structures and for combining with other clause elements. This feature is called valency (Allerton, 1982, p. 2). Regarding the valency of t ...
Paradigmatic uniformity and markedness
... eighteenth-century preterite reapt [rεpt] has been replaced by the regular weak form reaped.9 All transfers of this frequent type have the effect of leveling — loss of a stem alternation — but can also be analyzed as extensions in which the morphological rule for regular weak verbs is applied to new ...
... eighteenth-century preterite reapt [rεpt] has been replaced by the regular weak form reaped.9 All transfers of this frequent type have the effect of leveling — loss of a stem alternation — but can also be analyzed as extensions in which the morphological rule for regular weak verbs is applied to new ...
Detransitivisation in Irish Sign Language ESF Intersign Workshop on
... Typically both arguments are actors. McDonnell describes the phonetic properties of reciprocal verbs in ISL as follows: ‘ The reciprocal form is accomplished by two hands acting in opposition, oriented and /or moving towards each other. Each hand denotes, as it were, one side of the reciprocal relat ...
... Typically both arguments are actors. McDonnell describes the phonetic properties of reciprocal verbs in ISL as follows: ‘ The reciprocal form is accomplished by two hands acting in opposition, oriented and /or moving towards each other. Each hand denotes, as it were, one side of the reciprocal relat ...
Focus in Bantu
... literature in two slightly different ways: in terms of the relationship between verb and other constituents, or in terms of what is focused. Conjunctive (postverbal6) forms are said to emphasize the close relationship between the verb and a following constituent, such as object, adverbial, wh-word, ...
... literature in two slightly different ways: in terms of the relationship between verb and other constituents, or in terms of what is focused. Conjunctive (postverbal6) forms are said to emphasize the close relationship between the verb and a following constituent, such as object, adverbial, wh-word, ...
resultative predicative adjunct constructions in the gothic bible
... O1 that appears together with a participle presenting its quality. This quality is equivalent to the result of a previous action expressed by the participle and performed on the object O2 by the subject S2 of the verb from which the participle is derived. The object of the main verb O1 and that of t ...
... O1 that appears together with a participle presenting its quality. This quality is equivalent to the result of a previous action expressed by the participle and performed on the object O2 by the subject S2 of the verb from which the participle is derived. The object of the main verb O1 and that of t ...
OBJECTIVE CONJUGATION AND MEDIALISATION
... cases derivational morphemes (e.g., in Indonesian) or some form of steminternal inflection on the verb etc. 2.2.2. Within person marking, in which case there are at least two sets of Vx-es and the choice between the two is determined by the object in some way. 3. Object-dependent verbal conjugation, ...
... cases derivational morphemes (e.g., in Indonesian) or some form of steminternal inflection on the verb etc. 2.2.2. Within person marking, in which case there are at least two sets of Vx-es and the choice between the two is determined by the object in some way. 3. Object-dependent verbal conjugation, ...
Semantic Features in Argument Selection
... the above four features, but they are not needed for stating the linking rules that select subjects and direct objects. In the following, this will be shown to be true for English. Not only languages that do not have subjects (like Tagalog, which has a predicate-topic structure; Schachter & Otanes, ...
... the above four features, but they are not needed for stating the linking rules that select subjects and direct objects. In the following, this will be shown to be true for English. Not only languages that do not have subjects (like Tagalog, which has a predicate-topic structure; Schachter & Otanes, ...
english grammar - Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft
... implies that the window is closed at the speech time, but Russian differs in a crucial way from the other two languages. In German and English it is not possible to specify the agent by means of a by-phrase. And it is not possible to localize the event by a temporal adverb. We explain the difference ...
... implies that the window is closed at the speech time, but Russian differs in a crucial way from the other two languages. In German and English it is not possible to specify the agent by means of a by-phrase. And it is not possible to localize the event by a temporal adverb. We explain the difference ...