Discontinuous reciprocals Abstract 1 Introduction
... when it is used in a discontinuous reciprocal construction.2 It is easy to show that the construction is not general-purpose adjunction, but is specific to certain reciprocal strategies. In all the languages I have considered, it occurs with reciprocal strategies that create reciprocal verbs, not wi ...
... when it is used in a discontinuous reciprocal construction.2 It is easy to show that the construction is not general-purpose adjunction, but is specific to certain reciprocal strategies. In all the languages I have considered, it occurs with reciprocal strategies that create reciprocal verbs, not wi ...
Introductory Linguistics
... by finding a native-speaker consultant to provide the data. The linguist normally asks the consultant a great number of questions. Some of them are simple and establish basic knowledge: (1) “What is the word for “duck” in your language?” Others look for the various different grammatical forms of the ...
... by finding a native-speaker consultant to provide the data. The linguist normally asks the consultant a great number of questions. Some of them are simple and establish basic knowledge: (1) “What is the word for “duck” in your language?” Others look for the various different grammatical forms of the ...
Amalgam: A machine-learned generation module
... It is often the case in the natural language generation literature that descriptions of the higher level aspects of natural language generation gloss over issues associated with sentence realization. Walker et al. (2001), for example, characterize realization in this way: “During realization, the ab ...
... It is often the case in the natural language generation literature that descriptions of the higher level aspects of natural language generation gloss over issues associated with sentence realization. Walker et al. (2001), for example, characterize realization in this way: “During realization, the ab ...
Every dog has its day – A Study of Figurative Animal
... 2.2 Idiom dictionaries In my analysis, I use two monolingual idiom dictionaries and five English-Finnish idiom dictionaries or books. The monolingual dictionaries I chose are Longman Idioms Dictionary (2000) (hereafter LID) and Collins Cobuild Idioms Dictionary (2011) (CCID). LID includes more than ...
... 2.2 Idiom dictionaries In my analysis, I use two monolingual idiom dictionaries and five English-Finnish idiom dictionaries or books. The monolingual dictionaries I chose are Longman Idioms Dictionary (2000) (hereafter LID) and Collins Cobuild Idioms Dictionary (2011) (CCID). LID includes more than ...
Toward an Aposynthesis of Topic Continuity and
... various languages we propose an aposynthetic1 model of discourse in which topic continuity, computed across units, and focusing preferences internal to these units are subject to different mechanisms. The observed focusing preferences across the units (i.e., intersententially) are best modeled struc ...
... various languages we propose an aposynthetic1 model of discourse in which topic continuity, computed across units, and focusing preferences internal to these units are subject to different mechanisms. The observed focusing preferences across the units (i.e., intersententially) are best modeled struc ...
Discovering Ancient Greek and Latin
... Lysias and Demosthenes) and its philosophical schools (notably the Academy of Plato). We should also mention the Histories of Herodotus, Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War and its continuation by Xenophon in his Hellēnika (‘Greek events’). The defeat of the Persian empire by Alexander the ...
... Lysias and Demosthenes) and its philosophical schools (notably the Academy of Plato). We should also mention the Histories of Herodotus, Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War and its continuation by Xenophon in his Hellēnika (‘Greek events’). The defeat of the Persian empire by Alexander the ...
v. nominalization as a cohesive device in
... continually transformed and transmuted, by the texts that speakers and writers create in special situations. Thus, even short utterances contain a good deal of contextual information, which is usually implicit. Halliday and Hasan (2005: 1) specify that a text is a semantic unit of meaning and is rea ...
... continually transformed and transmuted, by the texts that speakers and writers create in special situations. Thus, even short utterances contain a good deal of contextual information, which is usually implicit. Halliday and Hasan (2005: 1) specify that a text is a semantic unit of meaning and is rea ...
The Origin and Development of Nonconcatenative Morphology by
... alternations in the Semitic language family and discussion of the consequences these processes have for our understanding of morphological structure more generally. This thesis argues that the developments and resulting patterns of Semitic morphology can be accounted for by reference to a small set ...
... alternations in the Semitic language family and discussion of the consequences these processes have for our understanding of morphological structure more generally. This thesis argues that the developments and resulting patterns of Semitic morphology can be accounted for by reference to a small set ...
Filling Gaps: Decision principles and structure in sentence
... 1 We leave open the possibility that it is actually an 'S-structure' (cf. Chomsky and Lasnik, 1977), in which the effects of stylistic and deletion rules have been 'undone', which is developed during sentence comprehension. This distinction may be crucial with respect to stating the grammatical cons ...
... 1 We leave open the possibility that it is actually an 'S-structure' (cf. Chomsky and Lasnik, 1977), in which the effects of stylistic and deletion rules have been 'undone', which is developed during sentence comprehension. This distinction may be crucial with respect to stating the grammatical cons ...
a lexical semantic study of four-character sino
... Four-Character Sino-Japanese compounds are a productive word formation process in Japanese. There are many morpho-syntactic analyses on these compounds. However, little has been done on their lexical semantic structure. In this thesis I will provide a syntactically motivated classification system fo ...
... Four-Character Sino-Japanese compounds are a productive word formation process in Japanese. There are many morpho-syntactic analyses on these compounds. However, little has been done on their lexical semantic structure. In this thesis I will provide a syntactically motivated classification system fo ...
Semi-Compositional Noun + Verb Constructions
... 12.2.2 A possible solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... 12.2.2 A possible solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
FLOATING QUANTIFIERS, PARTITIVES AND DISTRIBUTIVITY
... subjects, direct objects or objects of prepositions. In this respect, they differ crucially from the free-standing quantifier prefixes of first-order logic, as has often been observed by the proponents of generalized quantifier theory (Barwise and Cooper (1981)). This theory treats quantifiers such ...
... subjects, direct objects or objects of prepositions. In this respect, they differ crucially from the free-standing quantifier prefixes of first-order logic, as has often been observed by the proponents of generalized quantifier theory (Barwise and Cooper (1981)). This theory treats quantifiers such ...
Grammar Essenti es (ISBN - 047061837X)
... • Clear explanations of vital grammar rules • Examples of correct and incorrect usage • Strategies for solving grammatical dilemmas • Punctuation principles • The basics of capital letters • How to choose the right words (such as whose vs. who’s) • Tips for tackling troublemakers such as double nega ...
... • Clear explanations of vital grammar rules • Examples of correct and incorrect usage • Strategies for solving grammatical dilemmas • Punctuation principles • The basics of capital letters • How to choose the right words (such as whose vs. who’s) • Tips for tackling troublemakers such as double nega ...
Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction
... about English as our principal source of data. In keeping with standard linguistic practice, we will use an asterisk to mark an expression that is not well-formed – that is, an expression that doesn’t ‘sound good’ to our ears. Here are some examples from English: Example 1 The adjectives unlikely an ...
... about English as our principal source of data. In keeping with standard linguistic practice, we will use an asterisk to mark an expression that is not well-formed – that is, an expression that doesn’t ‘sound good’ to our ears. Here are some examples from English: Example 1 The adjectives unlikely an ...
Being Colloquial in Esperanto
... grammar that a student might learn in an elementary course, but I have made frequent reference to points of style, taste, and usage that are normally left unexplained; and I have expanded points that in my experience give native English speakers particular trouble or that we find especially interest ...
... grammar that a student might learn in an elementary course, but I have made frequent reference to points of style, taste, and usage that are normally left unexplained; and I have expanded points that in my experience give native English speakers particular trouble or that we find especially interest ...
NEW SECOND STEPS IN LATIN
... The present participle is a 3rd declension adjective of one termination declined like ingēns, ingentis. The future active and perfect passive participles are 1st / 2nd declension adjectives declined like bonus, -a, -um. Because participles are adjectives, they agree with the words that they modify i ...
... The present participle is a 3rd declension adjective of one termination declined like ingēns, ingentis. The future active and perfect passive participles are 1st / 2nd declension adjectives declined like bonus, -a, -um. Because participles are adjectives, they agree with the words that they modify i ...
Grammar and Language Workbook
... The council vote as they wish on the pay increase. (plural) 6. A possessive noun shows possession, ownership, or the relationship between two nouns. Monica’s book the rabbit’s ears the hamster’s cage ...
... The council vote as they wish on the pay increase. (plural) 6. A possessive noun shows possession, ownership, or the relationship between two nouns. Monica’s book the rabbit’s ears the hamster’s cage ...
The semantics of existence
... The verb exist is of course a central expression for making statements about existence. Many philosophers have expressed particular views concerning that expression (or particular sorts of occurrences of it). At the same time, exist has hardly been a subject of study in linguistic semantics, mainly, ...
... The verb exist is of course a central expression for making statements about existence. Many philosophers have expressed particular views concerning that expression (or particular sorts of occurrences of it). At the same time, exist has hardly been a subject of study in linguistic semantics, mainly, ...
“Inversion” and focalization
... Which should be considered an explicit sign of a change in the syntactic structure. Note that tutto is higher than bene and lower than completamente in Cinque’s clausal map. The quantifier should then be allowed to raise higher than the latter adverb if the proposed interpretation of the contrast is ...
... Which should be considered an explicit sign of a change in the syntactic structure. Note that tutto is higher than bene and lower than completamente in Cinque’s clausal map. The quantifier should then be allowed to raise higher than the latter adverb if the proposed interpretation of the contrast is ...
FrameNet II: Extended Theory and Practice
... Department at the University of California at Berkeley and his colleagues. The theory asserts that people understand the meaning of words largely by virtue of the frames which they evoke. The frames represent story fragments, which serve to connect a group of words to a bundle of meanings; for examp ...
... Department at the University of California at Berkeley and his colleagues. The theory asserts that people understand the meaning of words largely by virtue of the frames which they evoke. The frames represent story fragments, which serve to connect a group of words to a bundle of meanings; for examp ...
university of craiova - Universitatea din Craiova
... between the system of language and the use of language, it would aviod studying one without taking into consideration the other aspect. In fact, such a theory is especially interested in the relationship between the system and its possible uses. Functional grammar is a theory which will try to expl ...
... between the system of language and the use of language, it would aviod studying one without taking into consideration the other aspect. In fact, such a theory is especially interested in the relationship between the system and its possible uses. Functional grammar is a theory which will try to expl ...
SUBJUNCTIVE RELATIVES IN BULGARIAN AND MACEDONIAN
... In the glosses of the examples, the following abbreviations are used: 1/2/3 = 1st/2nd/3rd person; Acc = accusative (case); Anaph = anaphoric; Cl = clitic; Dat = dative (case); F = feminine; Imp = imperative; Imperf = imperfect, imperfective (aspect); Impers = impersonal; Indic = indicative; M = masc ...
... In the glosses of the examples, the following abbreviations are used: 1/2/3 = 1st/2nd/3rd person; Acc = accusative (case); Anaph = anaphoric; Cl = clitic; Dat = dative (case); F = feminine; Imp = imperative; Imperf = imperfect, imperfective (aspect); Impers = impersonal; Indic = indicative; M = masc ...
Māori Vocabulary: A Study of Some High Frequency Homonyms
... meaning. Unless different meanings of the same word-form are counted as different words, such counts will underestimate the vocabulary of the Māori language. (Homonymy is not the only explanation for the low count; further explanations have been suggested by Bauer (2009) and Nation (2011).) The thes ...
... meaning. Unless different meanings of the same word-form are counted as different words, such counts will underestimate the vocabulary of the Māori language. (Homonymy is not the only explanation for the low count; further explanations have been suggested by Bauer (2009) and Nation (2011).) The thes ...
Chapter 11 Predicates, negative quantifiers and focus: Specificity
... above is one of quantificational force, in section 2 the behaviour of Hungarian n-words is examined in various test environments. One battery of diagnostic tools will be shown to point to a construal of Hungarian n-words involving an existential indefinite in the scope of negation. At the same time, ...
... above is one of quantificational force, in section 2 the behaviour of Hungarian n-words is examined in various test environments. One battery of diagnostic tools will be shown to point to a construal of Hungarian n-words involving an existential indefinite in the scope of negation. At the same time, ...