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Focus on Topic: Information Structure in the
Focus on Topic: Information Structure in the

... sentences there are two constructions under scrutiny: word order restructure (preposing) and passive construction. I argue that their information structure is predictable to some extent. First, in preposing, NP object and PP is topicalized while VP and AdjP predicates are focalized. In addition, the ...
Unit 5 - Sullivan County Department Of Education
Unit 5 - Sullivan County Department Of Education

... The plot of the story is about the seeds growing. In the beginning, Toad had a problem because his seeds wouldn’t grow. He tired different things to get them to grow, but in the end, the seeds just needed time to grow. Frog and Toad Together ...
Embedded clauses
Embedded clauses

... embedded V2 has attracted more recently, especially with respect to Scandinavian. Thus, Julien (2007) argued that an analysis of embedded V2 based on the concept of bridge verb is empirically inadequate, and that V2 order in embedded declarative clauses goes hand in hand with assertion. Partly in re ...
1 Chapter 1. Introduction: status and definition of compounding
1 Chapter 1. Introduction: status and definition of compounding

... Spelling is generally rejected as a criterion of compoundhood in English because the spelling of compounds is so inconsistent.2 Although there might seem to be a tendency for institutionalized compounds to be spelled as one word or hyphenated (cf. blackboard vs. a black board) this is hardly a hard- ...
Makassarese (basa Mangkasara
Makassarese (basa Mangkasara

... from
 going
 to
 the
 field.
 Thanks
 for
 keeping
 me
 on
 track.
 I
 also
 want
 to
 express
 my
 gratitude
for
employing
me
on
the
ARC
project
on
languages
of
Lombok
and
Sumbawa
 before
I
started
my
PhD.
That
was
a
most
enjoyable
and
stimulating
time.
 The
 other
 members
 of
 my
 supervisory
 co ...
Non-finites in North Saami - Suomalais
Non-finites in North Saami - Suomalais

... verb forms in contemporary literary North Saami. According to the received view, there are about a dozen non-finites in North Saami, but the morphosyntax and semantics of these have not yet been investigated thoroughly. In the present study, these verb forms are re-evaluated from the functional-typo ...
Treebank-Based Deep Grammar Acquisition for French Probabilistic Parsing Resources Natalie Schluter
Treebank-Based Deep Grammar Acquisition for French Probabilistic Parsing Resources Natalie Schluter

... Motivated by the expense in time and other resources to produce hand-crafted grammars, there has been increased interest in wide-coverage grammars automatically obtained from treebanks. In particular, recent years have seen a move towards acquiring deep (LFG, HPSG and CCG) resources that can represe ...
Armenian. Modern Eastern Armenian
Armenian. Modern Eastern Armenian

... The present volume sets out to describe the grammatical structure of Modern Eastern Armenian, the official language of Armenia, a state which only attained ­independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Armenia is situated in the Anatolian highlands between Turkey in the west, Syria and Iran in the so ...
Focus and the LF of NP quantification
Focus and the LF of NP quantification

... (8) a. [E x: few (x) & INCOMPETENT (x) & cooks (x)] applied (x) b. [Few x: INCOMPETENT (x) & cooks (x )] applied (x) It seems that when ( 7 ) is interpreted both as in (8a) or (8b) focus is contrastive, contrasting in c o mp e t e n t with c o mpete nt, and it can also be e mphatic. But it has no ef ...
Grammar Practice Book - Methacton School District
Grammar Practice Book - Methacton School District

... RXENL08AWK51_GPB_iii.indd iii ...
CONTENTS - Ziyonet.uz
CONTENTS - Ziyonet.uz

... always, there are many others which also function as other word classes. Thus, adverbs like dead (dead tired), clear (to get clear away), clean (I’ve clean forgotten), slow, easy (he would say that slow and easy) coincide with adjectives (a dead body, clear waters, clean hands). Adverbs like past, a ...
Applying the Constraint Grammar Parser of English to the Helsinki
Applying the Constraint Grammar Parser of English to the Helsinki

... (Koskenniemi 1983). At present, the English lexicon ENGTWOL, which contains about 84,000 lexical entries, represents the core vocabulary of Present-day English, including all inflected and central derived English word-forms. Prefixes and endings are represented in separate ‘minilexicons’ accessible ...
The distribution of pronoun case forms in English
The distribution of pronoun case forms in English

... This thesis investigates the influence of linguistic factors on the distribution of pronoun case forms in Modem English and argues that the alternation between nominative and objective pronoun forms is a surface phenomenon best captured in a probabilistic constraint-based approach, where constraints ...
anotace - Theses
anotace - Theses

... At the beginning, it is important to explain what voice means. The term voice is a grammatical category of verbs and it can often be found in connection with transitive verbs. With respect to this term, there is another explanation by Huddleston and Pullum, whose exact words are: “...the general ter ...
Contents - The Okuna Language
Contents - The Okuna Language

... it. The description given here is thus not the final word on Okuna, but merely represents the state of the language as it exists now. It is important to note that this grammar is not intended as a textbook or teach-yourself guide, but as an attempt to lay out the structure of Okuna (for posterity, a ...
Modes of Scalar Reversal in Japanese
Modes of Scalar Reversal in Japanese

... First, I argue that the implicatures induced by kaette and yoppodo are conventional and have a generic meaning (Carlson 1982; Krifka et al. 1995, among many others). That is, the ‘at issue’ proposition in (1) is true only in a specific (context-dependent) situation. Second, I argue that there are tw ...
pdf
pdf

... motivated differently, we see the construction as an appropriate syntactic tool for capturing the semantics of nach. One major difference between Nicol’s and our approach is that the specifier position of w is not a landing site for VP-internal arguments but rather a position where an additional arg ...
320 pages - Institutionen för filosofi, lingvistik och vetenskapsteori
320 pages - Institutionen för filosofi, lingvistik och vetenskapsteori

... creating a machine that classifies phrases in a text containing certain kinds of errors. The current version of the system handles errors concerning agreement in noun phrases, and verb selection of finite and non-finite forms. At the lexical level, we attach all lexical tags to words and do not use ...
00. The realization of negation in the Syrian Arabic clause, phrase
00. The realization of negation in the Syrian Arabic clause, phrase

... The Trinity College Dublin portal opened unexpectedly after I was fully enrolled in another Irish university. It felt as though I slipped into TCD through the back door at the last moment, and I will ever be grateful for the opportunity and welcome afforded me by the CLCS staff. The competence and t ...
Routledge Comprehensive Grammars Comprehensive Grammars
Routledge Comprehensive Grammars Comprehensive Grammars

... subject-predicate structure, while expository and evaluative sentences are more likely to follow a topic-comment pattern. The endless variability and invention of language means that this typology will inevitably have loose ends and overlapping dimensions, and the presence or function of sentence el ...
Yegana Baghirova MA thesis - Khazar University Institutional
Yegana Baghirova MA thesis - Khazar University Institutional

... imperative sentences, e.g. Be attentive!), but such phrases also may start with a complement such as an adverb (for instance, in the imperative sentences, e.g. Really be attentive!). There is no exact rule about a verb phrase which should be preceded by the particle to or a complement as an adverb. ...
Developing Sentence Imitation, Grade 3
Developing Sentence Imitation, Grade 3

... Subordinating - AAAWWWUBBIS – as, although, after, when, whenever, while, until, because, before, if, since Coorelative - both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, not…but, whether…or ...
Copyright by Ulf Hermjakob 1997 - Information Sciences Institute
Copyright by Ulf Hermjakob 1997 - Information Sciences Institute

... 1 A parser is a program that analyses text to nd structural descriptions of the text that encode useful information of some kind about it. The term parser is used for the analysis of both source code of computer programs and natural languages, such as English and Swedish. In natural language unders ...
Gerunds
Gerunds

... Jumping ...
příčestí přítomné ve funkci premodifikátoru a postmodifikátoru
příčestí přítomné ve funkci premodifikátoru a postmodifikátoru

... meanings of verbs can also refer to other word classes. According to them there are many nouns and adjectives with the same form as verbs, for example jump skákat vs. jump skok, fall padat vs. fall pád, clean čistý vs. clean vyčistit. (Dušková et al, 2006, p. 165) From the morphological point of vie ...
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Lexical semantics



Lexical semantics (also known as lexicosemantics), is a subfield of linguistic semantics. The units of analysis in lexical semantics are lexical units which include not only words but also sub-words or sub-units such as affixes and even compound words and phrases. Lexical units make up the catalogue of words in a language, the lexicon. Lexical semantics looks at how the meaning of the lexical units correlates with the structure of the language or syntax. This is referred to as syntax-semantic interface.The study of lexical semantics looks at: the classification and decomposition of lexical items the differences and similarities in lexical semantic structure cross-linguistically the relationship of lexical meaning to sentence meaning and syntax.Lexical units, also referred to as syntactic atoms, can stand alone such as in the case of root words or parts of compound words or they necessarily attach to other units such as prefixes and suffixes do. The former are called free morphemes and the latter bound morphemes. They fall into a narrow range of meanings (semantic fields) and can combine with each other to generate new meanings.
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