Valency Grammar
... distinction between ‘actants’ and ‘circonstants’ is distinctively the preserve of valency theory. ‘Actants’ belong to the valency of individual verb types, whereas ‘circonstants’ are in principle potential dependents in any sentence, regardless of the verb. Thus the constellation of ‘actants’ repres ...
... distinction between ‘actants’ and ‘circonstants’ is distinctively the preserve of valency theory. ‘Actants’ belong to the valency of individual verb types, whereas ‘circonstants’ are in principle potential dependents in any sentence, regardless of the verb. Thus the constellation of ‘actants’ repres ...
an outline of tokelau grammar
... to their ability to combine with certain grammatical words to form phrases, as follows: (i) A word that occurs directly after an article or possessive pronoun to form a noun phrase is a noun. Some words are only used in this way: he loi ‘an an t’, tona vaka ‘his canoe’, te malau ‘the soldier fish’. ...
... to their ability to combine with certain grammatical words to form phrases, as follows: (i) A word that occurs directly after an article or possessive pronoun to form a noun phrase is a noun. Some words are only used in this way: he loi ‘an an t’, tona vaka ‘his canoe’, te malau ‘the soldier fish’. ...
- ePrints@Bangalore University
... word or left implicit in another language. For example, English expresses the plural nouns by means of morphology (the forms like boys, spies, vehicles where the morpheme, with its variant forms expresses the plurality) but Yoruba (a language of south-western Nigeria) use separate word expressing th ...
... word or left implicit in another language. For example, English expresses the plural nouns by means of morphology (the forms like boys, spies, vehicles where the morpheme, with its variant forms expresses the plurality) but Yoruba (a language of south-western Nigeria) use separate word expressing th ...
Glossaries
... formal writing, avoid using anxious to mean “eager.” We are eager (not anxious) to see your new house. anybody, anyone ...
... formal writing, avoid using anxious to mean “eager.” We are eager (not anxious) to see your new house. anybody, anyone ...
Disambiguating noun and verb senses using automatically acquired
... Using selectional preferences alone for disambiguation enables us to investigate the situations when they are useful, as well as cases when they are not. However, this means we loose out in cases where preferences do not provide the necessary information and other complementary information would hel ...
... Using selectional preferences alone for disambiguation enables us to investigate the situations when they are useful, as well as cases when they are not. However, this means we loose out in cases where preferences do not provide the necessary information and other complementary information would hel ...
Chapter 1 - TeacherWeb
... whom or what the sentence is about The simple subject is usually one word Examples: People all over the world play basketball. We went out to lunch. ...
... whom or what the sentence is about The simple subject is usually one word Examples: People all over the world play basketball. We went out to lunch. ...
The grammar of hitting and breaking in Kimaragang Dusun
... differences summarized above, must be more than a simple list of semantic roles. In addition to identifying grammatically relevant components of meaning, the study of verb classes is important as a means of addressing the following questions: (a) What is the nature of the “event template”, and how s ...
... differences summarized above, must be more than a simple list of semantic roles. In addition to identifying grammatically relevant components of meaning, the study of verb classes is important as a means of addressing the following questions: (a) What is the nature of the “event template”, and how s ...
4 WORD CLASSES AND OVERVIEW OF MORPHOLOGY
... Sometimes in the following, the same information will be given several times. This is because of items such as verb class II stems and their obligatory subject prefixes, which to some extent define each other in being mutually dependent as morphological forms. These relations will be investigated fi ...
... Sometimes in the following, the same information will be given several times. This is because of items such as verb class II stems and their obligatory subject prefixes, which to some extent define each other in being mutually dependent as morphological forms. These relations will be investigated fi ...
Verbals and Verb Phrases
... prepositional phrase always ends with a noun or a pronoun; an infinitive always ends with a verb. An infinitive can be used as a phrase. An infinitive phrase, as with the other verbal phrases, contains modifiers that together act as a single part of speech. Following are some examples: ...
... prepositional phrase always ends with a noun or a pronoun; an infinitive always ends with a verb. An infinitive can be used as a phrase. An infinitive phrase, as with the other verbal phrases, contains modifiers that together act as a single part of speech. Following are some examples: ...
INTRANSITIVE PREDICATES
... a. An old woman lodged at Mrs Parker’s. b. *There lodged an old woman at Mrs Parker’s. ...
... a. An old woman lodged at Mrs Parker’s. b. *There lodged an old woman at Mrs Parker’s. ...
textbook in doc - public.asu.edu
... The innate language faculty, when "stimulated by appropriate and continuing experience, … creates a grammar that creates sentences with formal and semantic properties", according to Chomsky (1975: 36). Thus, our innate language faculty (or Universal Grammar) enables us to create a set of rules, or g ...
... The innate language faculty, when "stimulated by appropriate and continuing experience, … creates a grammar that creates sentences with formal and semantic properties", according to Chomsky (1975: 36). Thus, our innate language faculty (or Universal Grammar) enables us to create a set of rules, or g ...
usage-based theory and grammaticalization
... auxiliaries are not always separable from verbs, and items within categories can have different features—one verb might become an auxiliary earlier than another. Change in category membership is referred to by Hopper (1991) as ‘decategorialization’ because it is typically the case in grammaticalizat ...
... auxiliaries are not always separable from verbs, and items within categories can have different features—one verb might become an auxiliary earlier than another. Change in category membership is referred to by Hopper (1991) as ‘decategorialization’ because it is typically the case in grammaticalizat ...
Pronoun - Binus Repository
... EG. That's my folder. (My is an adjective which shows that I am the owner of the folder.) ...
... EG. That's my folder. (My is an adjective which shows that I am the owner of the folder.) ...
lexical semantics - Dipartimento di Lingue, Letterature e Culture
... about the world. By analyzing natural languages, linguists have noted that each language curves up reality in a particular way: English hair (referring to any kind of fine filament growing from the skin of humans and animals, vs. Italian capelli and peli. Italian orologio (any device for measuring t ...
... about the world. By analyzing natural languages, linguists have noted that each language curves up reality in a particular way: English hair (referring to any kind of fine filament growing from the skin of humans and animals, vs. Italian capelli and peli. Italian orologio (any device for measuring t ...
No error - River Dell Regional School District
... Use the subjective form to refer to the subject of “is.” This and “he/she” are the same. (predicate nominative) Another example: I looked at the picture, but I couldn’t believe it was _______. (he or him) ...
... Use the subjective form to refer to the subject of “is.” This and “he/she” are the same. (predicate nominative) Another example: I looked at the picture, but I couldn’t believe it was _______. (he or him) ...
Drytok: TLoK1
... Phonetic-Gestural Transcription (PGT). The second is Umod Phonetic Transcription (UPT) which attempts to pronounce Dritok as the Tylnor would. The Tylnor have a more "conventional" phonetic system when compared with English. Dritok words in UP are more "easily" pronounced by English speakers, but ma ...
... Phonetic-Gestural Transcription (PGT). The second is Umod Phonetic Transcription (UPT) which attempts to pronounce Dritok as the Tylnor would. The Tylnor have a more "conventional" phonetic system when compared with English. Dritok words in UP are more "easily" pronounced by English speakers, but ma ...
Glossary
... Irregular sentences from which some part or parts are missing that are normally present in corresponding regular sentences. We can ‘regularize’ the fragmentary sentence in the kitchen in this exchange: A: Where are you? B: In the kitchen. In the kitchen corresponds to the regular sentence I am in th ...
... Irregular sentences from which some part or parts are missing that are normally present in corresponding regular sentences. We can ‘regularize’ the fragmentary sentence in the kitchen in this exchange: A: Where are you? B: In the kitchen. In the kitchen corresponds to the regular sentence I am in th ...
Introduction to Syntax
... predicate) is always exocentric, since neither part can stand for the whole: ◦ The boy / stood on the burning deck. ...
... predicate) is always exocentric, since neither part can stand for the whole: ◦ The boy / stood on the burning deck. ...
introddd to syntax
... predicate) is always exocentric, since neither part can stand for the whole: ◦ The boy / stood on the burning deck. ...
... predicate) is always exocentric, since neither part can stand for the whole: ◦ The boy / stood on the burning deck. ...
Unifying everything: Some remarks on simpler syntax, construction
... favor of explicit accounts like the one used in HPSG. I discuss problems for the analysis of complements and specifiers in minimalist theories with special focus on Stabler’s minimalist grammars. I argue that once all problems are fixed, the resulting combinatorial rules are rather similar to what H ...
... favor of explicit accounts like the one used in HPSG. I discuss problems for the analysis of complements and specifiers in minimalist theories with special focus on Stabler’s minimalist grammars. I argue that once all problems are fixed, the resulting combinatorial rules are rather similar to what H ...
The instrumental: dative and its double 1. Introduction. We take our
... possessum) and the oblique dative (the possessor). We argue that in the Persian alternations in (10b)-(12b), the predication is reversed – so that is the accusative direct object that possesses the instrumental. The alternations in the VP reproduce the basic alternation between ‘of’ and ‘with’ compl ...
... possessum) and the oblique dative (the possessor). We argue that in the Persian alternations in (10b)-(12b), the predication is reversed – so that is the accusative direct object that possesses the instrumental. The alternations in the VP reproduce the basic alternation between ‘of’ and ‘with’ compl ...
SE214 - Maynooth University
... relate main clauses: accordingly, also, anyhow, besides, consequently, furthermore, hence, henceforth, however, indeed, instead, likewise, meanwhile, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, still, then, therefore, thus, and so on. ...
... relate main clauses: accordingly, also, anyhow, besides, consequently, furthermore, hence, henceforth, however, indeed, instead, likewise, meanwhile, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, still, then, therefore, thus, and so on. ...
Class Notes # 10b: Natural Language Processing
... • from linguistic expressions to meaning (representation of meaning is a separate problem); • the speaker’s goals/plans must be recognized; • analysis means standardization. Generation and analysis combined: machine translation • word-for-word (very primitive); • transforming parse trees between ana ...
... • from linguistic expressions to meaning (representation of meaning is a separate problem); • the speaker’s goals/plans must be recognized; • analysis means standardization. Generation and analysis combined: machine translation • word-for-word (very primitive); • transforming parse trees between ana ...
Lexical semantics
Lexical semantics (also known as lexicosemantics), is a subfield of linguistic semantics. The units of analysis in lexical semantics are lexical units which include not only words but also sub-words or sub-units such as affixes and even compound words and phrases. Lexical units make up the catalogue of words in a language, the lexicon. Lexical semantics looks at how the meaning of the lexical units correlates with the structure of the language or syntax. This is referred to as syntax-semantic interface.The study of lexical semantics looks at: the classification and decomposition of lexical items the differences and similarities in lexical semantic structure cross-linguistically the relationship of lexical meaning to sentence meaning and syntax.Lexical units, also referred to as syntactic atoms, can stand alone such as in the case of root words or parts of compound words or they necessarily attach to other units such as prefixes and suffixes do. The former are called free morphemes and the latter bound morphemes. They fall into a narrow range of meanings (semantic fields) and can combine with each other to generate new meanings.