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A Syntactic Analysis of Modal bì 必: Auxiliary Verb or Adverb?
A Syntactic Analysis of Modal bì 必: Auxiliary Verb or Adverb?

... qualifies bì 必 as a modal verb ‘müssen (must)’ comparable to néng 能 ‘can’; equally the Thesaurus Linguae Sericae categorizes bì 必 as a (auxiliary) verb in different syntactic constellations. Unger analyses bì 必 as a ‘Modalpartikel’ (modal particle), indicating assertion mostly in future contexts, in ...
docx - University of Liverpool
docx - University of Liverpool

... linking rule). The label VERB would then be assigned to the largest unlabeled category – or if this does “not turn out to be viable cross-linguistically…the category whose members take the nouns as arguments”. Because the linking rule plays a role only after distributionallydefined clusters have bee ...
Grammar Book - Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
Grammar Book - Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

... • A sentence is a group of words that express a complete thought. • A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. • A statement is a sentence that tells something. • A question is a sentence that asks something. • All sentences begin with a capital letter and end ...
TALC-Sef a Manually-revised POS
TALC-Sef a Manually-revised POS

... amount of context16, as is generally the case for postaggers. An auxiliary verb hypothesis for jesam is only valid if the word is found within the scope of a main verb past participle form. As word-order in Serbian is somewhat less rigid than in languages such as English or French, the distance betw ...
02 - Filomena Sandalo.pmd
02 - Filomena Sandalo.pmd

... argument is subject this argument is morphologically marked. Only recently person hierarchy has been approached in formal linguistics. Aissen (1999, 2000) has formalized the typological analysis sketched above in terms of ranked constraints built out of relational hierarchies by means of Functional ...
Agreement: a crash-course ( ) . The Person Case
Agreement: a crash-course ( ) . The Person Case

... The mechanisms of agreement & intervention, implicated in the PCC, are only in place when we can see them. ...
Sentence Diagraming G L
Sentence Diagraming G L

... by a conjunction—such as and, but, or or—and have the same verb. The diagram for a sentence with a compound subject has a fork in the baseline at the left (subject) side of the vertical line. Draw parallel horizontal lines, one for each part of the subject. Connect the lines with a dotted vertical l ...
Producing Biographical Summaries: Combining
Producing Biographical Summaries: Combining

... Text Corpus (called ‘Reuters’ in this paper) -nearly three years of wire service news reports containing 105.5 million words. Examples of verbs in the Reuters corpus which show up as promiscuous include “get”, “like”, “give”, “intend”, “add”, “want”, “be”, “do”, “hope”, “think”, “make”, “dream”, “ha ...
Contents
Contents

... On the other hand one hand the same person may be refered to as I, you, or he depending upon who speakers, this and that may indicate the same object, depending one the relative position of the speaker and the object. Thus pronoun can be defined as words whose meaning are very general and stable but ...
Stephen F. Austin State University Department of Languages
Stephen F. Austin State University Department of Languages

... the academic chair/director, a grade of WH will be assigned only if the student cannot complete the course work because of unavoidable circumstances. Students must complete the work within one calendar year from the end of the semester in which they receive a WH, or the grade automatically becomes a ...
Stephen F. Austin State University Department of Languages
Stephen F. Austin State University Department of Languages

... the academic chair/director, a grade of WH will be assigned only if the student cannot complete the course work because of unavoidable circumstances. Students must complete the work within one calendar year from the end of the semester in which they receive a WH, or the grade automatically becomes a ...
monday, august 29
monday, august 29

... which limits or defines a noun or a pronoun. Here fish tells what kind of stew I like. In other words, fish limits or defines the noun stew. The point is that while knowing the part of speech is important—a quick glance at any dictionary, which gives you all of the parts of speech that a word can be ...
An analysis of the German Perfekti
An analysis of the German Perfekti

... - bare stems that are not finite but can be made finite by fusing them with some FIN; a (simple or complex) form which can be made finite will be called ‘FIN-linkable’; - forms which are explicitly marked as non-finite, i.e., participle and infinitive; these cannot be fused with some FIN; but normal ...
6. Incremental Theme Besides narrowing the class of role data, our
6. Incremental Theme Besides narrowing the class of role data, our

... Besides narrowing the class of role data, our focus on argument selection will also require us to widen our scope to include a new role category I will call Incremental Theme. Though the key idea of this section was once sketched in a talk (Dowty 1987) suggested by proposals in Hinrichs (1985), this ...
An analysis of the German Perfekti
An analysis of the German Perfekti

... - bare stems that are not finite but can be made finite by fusing them with some FIN; a (simple or complex) form which can be made finite will be called ‘FIN-linkable’; - forms which are explicitly marked as non-finite, i.e., participle and infinitive; these cannot be fused with some FIN; but normal ...
The Verbal System of the Cape Verdean Creole of Tarrafal
The Verbal System of the Cape Verdean Creole of Tarrafal

... In order to understand the genesis of Cape Verdean Creole (CVC), one needs a clear understanding of the colonization and settlement of the Cape Verde Islands. Settlement patterns had lasting consequences on the formation of CVC. Santiago Island was initially populated with slaves from the western co ...
1 Noun classes and classifiers, semantics of
1 Noun classes and classifiers, semantics of

... In some languages most nouns are assigned to just one noun class; in other languages different noun classes can be chosen to highlight a particular property of a referent. Manambu, a Ndu language from the Sepik area, has two genders. The masculine gender includes male referents, and feminine gender ...
COMPOUNDING IN EARLY MODERN ENGLISH: SHAKESPEARE`S
COMPOUNDING IN EARLY MODERN ENGLISH: SHAKESPEARE`S

... will begin by focusing on the lexical class of the compound, since it is obvious that it was created in language as a unit to meet some communication needs. Bauer also points out the necessity of analyzing the lexical (form) classes of the components since that might prove useful in the discussion o ...
Read Chapter 8
Read Chapter 8

... Prepositions: on, under, over,… Particles: abroad, about, around, before, in, instead, since, without,… Articles: a, an, the Conjunctions: and, or, but, that,… Pronouns: you, me, I, your, what, who,… Auxiliary verbs: can, will, may, should,… ...
Full text
Full text

... (Stein 1933: 94), This projection is the lesson Stein, the master, taught her disciples. Yet the single act of using one’s imagination is not enough to qualify one as a ‘genius.’ What makes geniuses exiles among commoners is a particular capacity to talk and to listen at the same time: in other word ...
University of Groningen Time reference decoupled from tense
University of Groningen Time reference decoupled from tense

... During the last couple of years, agrammatic speakers of several languages have been studied to test the PADILIH and the predictions of the PADILIH have been compared with findings from others. The data are summarized below. Experimental evidence for the PADILIH in agrammatism There is cross-linguist ...
PERSONAL AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 1. Introduction
PERSONAL AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 1. Introduction

... and ±group. The ±Participant feature identifies the referent of the pro-form as participating or not to the dialogue. Among the pronouns marked as [+Participant] we may further distinguish between those pronouns that refer to the Speaker (or the group of the Speaker), which are marked here as [+Spea ...
Adverb Clauses
Adverb Clauses

... • but the relative pronoun can be omitted • if the clause has another noun to serve as the subject •EX: The story [I am reading]is sad. ...
The dative alternation - Ghent University Library
The dative alternation - Ghent University Library

... The reason why I discuss direct and indirect objects in detail here is of course that these feature prominently in the phenomenon of English which I study in this thesis. Views may disagree (see in this respect chapter 2) as to whether prepositional phrases can equally be considered as indirect obje ...
Adjective and Adverbs
Adjective and Adverbs

...  Verbal adjective is an adjective derived from a verb. There are two types of verbal adjective: 1) in the form of present participle (-ing form), and 2) in the form of past participle (-ed form).  Examples: 1. The drying method of wet paddy using solar energy is much cheaper than using machine. 2. ...
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Serbo-Croatian grammar

Serbo-Croatian is a South Slavic language that has, like most other Slavic languages, an extensive system of inflection. This article describes exclusively the grammar of the Shtokavian dialect, which is a part of the South Slavic dialect continuum and the basis for the Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian standard variants of Serbo-Croatian.Pronouns, nouns, adjectives, and some numerals decline (change the word ending to reflect case, i.e. grammatical category and function), whereas verbs conjugate for person and tense. As in all other Slavic languages, the basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO); however, due to the use of declension to show sentence structure, word order is not as important as in languages that tend toward analyticity such as English or Chinese. Deviations from the standard SVO order are stylistically marked and may be employed to convey a particular emphasis, mood or overall tone, according to the intentions of the speaker or writer. Often, such deviations will sound literary, poetical, or archaic.Nouns have three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, that correspond to a certain extent with the word ending, so that most nouns ending in -a are feminine, -o and -e neuter, and the rest mostly masculine with a small but important class of feminines. The grammatical gender of a noun affects the morphology of other parts of speech (adjectives, pronouns, and verbs) attached to it. Nouns are declined into seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, and instrumental.Verbs are divided into two broad classes according to their aspect, which can be either perfective (signifying a completed action) or imperfective (action is incomplete or repetitive). There are seven tenses, four of which (present, perfect, future I and II) are used in contemporary Serbo-Croatian, and the other three (aorist, imperfect and plusquamperfect) used much less frequently—the plusquamperfect is generally limited to written language and some more educated speakers, whereas the aorist and imperfect are considered stylistically marked and rather archaic. However, some non-standard dialects make considerable (and thus unmarked) use of those tenses.All Serbo-Croatian lexemes in this article are spelled in accented form in Latin alphabet, as well as in both accents (Ijekavian and Ekavian, with Ijekavian bracketed) where these differ (see Serbo-Croatian phonology.)
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