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is used as a conjunction to show contrast. The original
is used as a conjunction to show contrast. The original

... 85. B – ‘when they died’ is a relative clause modifying ‘the day’. If ‘which’ were used, a preposition ‘on’ should be used because we should say ‘on the day’. 86. B – A non-defining clause should be used because ‘four-letter-word’ is a specific noun. Note that ‘that’ should not be used after a comma ...
Identitate românească în context balcanic
Identitate românească în context balcanic

... time a group of Farsherots have joined. For a long time, the two groups had kept very well their own speech. In time though, mixed marriages (hardly accepted by indigene population; see the text from Meţovo) have led to what today’s dialectology calls dialect mixture. Even if linguistic theory does ...
A Luganda Grammar
A Luganda Grammar

... easier than when talking to the people in English. Learning Luganda is certainly not easy, but going through all that struggle means a lot to the people of the Buganda region. 2. English is a language that was forced on the Ugandan people during and as a tool of colonialism. Until recently speaking ...
legon journal of the humanities - UGSpace
legon journal of the humanities - UGSpace

... the close affinity between literature and the national project in Ghanaian literature. Korang’s reading of Ethiopia Unbound and the broader tradition of nationalist literature it inaugurates is one that is shared by relatively recent works of scholarship on the subject, including Priebe (1988), Ang ...
Indirect Object Pronouns
Indirect Object Pronouns

... 3. no, ningún (make the sentence negative) The key to learning to use the indirect object pronouns is the same as the key for direct object pronouns. You must learn to think in phrases, not words. The phrases consist of a pronoun and a conjugated verb. In the following examples, note that the IO rem ...
English Exam / Answers
English Exam / Answers

... C. present perfect D. future perfect 46. “How can we forget the innovations of Henry Ford and Orville and Wilbur Wright or the great scientific discoveries of Marie Curie, Alexander Fleming, and Jonas Salk?” added Lily. A. present B. past C. present perfect D. past perfect 47. “Well, class,” Mrs. Bi ...
The Shurley English Sentence Jingle
The Shurley English Sentence Jingle

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View PDF - CiteSeerX
View PDF - CiteSeerX

... Being one of the earliest scripts - dating back to at least 3000 B.C., Hieroglyphic writing has not been used for about 2000 years5 . Ancient Egyptian is now regarded as a dead language, which means that no group of people have spoken it as their primary language6 . Until 1799, where the so-called R ...
Bell Ringer 26/27
Bell Ringer 26/27

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Clauses and Subordinate Clauses
Clauses and Subordinate Clauses

... hundreds of sea lions making a tremendous racket as they played on the rocks and sunbathed by the pier. _______ 6. When I turned away from the sea lions, my nose followed an aroma coming from a waffle ice cream stand. _______ 7. Because I could not resist, I ordered vanilla ice cream with M & Ms mixe ...
Chapter 14: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 1
Chapter 14: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 1

... participles? For your students, terminology is much less important than idiomatic use. We will call these structures “gerunds.” • Definitions of some vocabulary items in the chart: birdwatching = a hobby for people who enjoy identifying birds in natural habitats bowling = an indoor sport in which a ...
SynTagRus – a deeply annotated corpus of Russian1 Abstract. The
SynTagRus – a deeply annotated corpus of Russian1 Abstract. The

... ‘restaurant dictionaries [whatever these are!] talk about some sort of sauce and chestnuts’ contains the word толковать 2, rather than толковать 1, which could be anticipated in the context of the word словари ‘dictionaries’; (b) for subtle semantic reasons (writing techniques hardly needs interpret ...
Antisymmetry
Antisymmetry

... • In Irish, the verb moves all the way up to AgrS. • AgrS is where subject agreement is effected (by Spec-head agreement). • If the subject is overt, it can’t land in SpecAgrSP because then there would be both an overt head (with the verb in it) and an overt specifier. The subject stops short of Spe ...
Clitics in Word Grammar
Clitics in Word Grammar

... evidence for this is phonological: the sequence /j:/ is indivisible and not composed regularly out of the pronunciations of the two words - in contrast, say, with you're as in (3). (3) The pictures of you're good. It follows that the pronunciation of the first you're must be stored readymade as a s ...
NOUNS AND NOUN PHRASES
NOUNS AND NOUN PHRASES

... Since the islands are all very small, people’s gardens are on islands other than where the main villages are situated. The people therefore travel frequently to work in their gardens, either for a single day or for up to several weeks at a time. Garden produce includes taro, cassava, pumpkin, sugar ...
Locally Bound 3rd-Person Pronouns in Afrikaans
Locally Bound 3rd-Person Pronouns in Afrikaans

... Adding -self to a pronominal element can make a reflexive predicate from a predicate that would not allow a reflexive interpretation if a pronoun or SE anaphor were used instead; John hates him cannot mean that John hates John, but adding -self (John hates himself) makes the sentence (obligatory) re ...
Declarative Definition of Performance Grammar
Declarative Definition of Performance Grammar

... from the subordinate clause and 'moved' into the main clause? Movement of phrases between clauses is due to lateral topology sharing. If a sentence contains more than one verb, each of the verb frames concerned instantiates its own topology. This applies to verbs of any type, whether main, auxiliary ...
C02-1034 - Association for Computational Linguistics
C02-1034 - Association for Computational Linguistics

... from the subordinate clause and 'moved' into the main clause? Movement of phrases between clauses is due to lateral topology sharing. If a sentence contains more than one verb, each of the verb frames concerned instantiates its own topology. This applies to verbs of any type, whether main, auxiliary ...
4 adjectives and adverbs
4 adjectives and adverbs

... We used to live in the house opposite. (= physically facing/across from us) The present director is American. (= current/existing now) We took a vote of all members present. (= physically there) Responsible parents have been outraged by this show. (= caring/conscientious) The person responsible will ...
- Cambridge University Press
- Cambridge University Press

... We also have an invaluable tool in the shape of the Cambridge Learner Corpus, which contains over 25 million words of English written by learners. The CLC has been developed in partnership with Cambridge ESOL, whose exams are taken by students all over the world. More than 10 million words of the CL ...


... [It implies from your words that you will not come tomorrow.] The principle of shifting of 'cognitive roles' can be interpreted as a 'middle course' between the strictly syntactically based and the strictly semantically based approaches. Verbal complementations can be realized either by single words ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... 3. The preterite also refers to the beginning or ending of an action. The Imperfect (p. 9…): The imperfect is the past descriptive tense. It takes us back to the past to witness an action or state as if it were happening before our eyes. The action or state is not viewed as a whole and its beginning ...
The internal structure of complex words
The internal structure of complex words

... • these are ordered in terms of position classes relative to stem/root and the word edge, • with the ordering regulated by universal or language-particular rules, • and with the possibility of one-way or mutual dependencies among position classes (‘if position class n is occupied by x, position clas ...
Linguistic Fundamentals for Natural Language Processing
Linguistic Fundamentals for Natural Language Processing

... #38 When an inflectional category is marked on multiple elements of sentence or phrase, it is usually considered to belong to one element and to express agreement on the others. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 #39 Verbs commonly agree in pe ...
THE SIMPLE SENTENCE: COMMUNICATIVE TYPES
THE SIMPLE SENTENCE: COMMUNICATIVE TYPES

... 3) Alternative questions imply a choice between two or more possible answers. Like “yes/no” questions, they open with a verb operator, but the suggestion of choice expressed by the disjunctive conjunction or makes the “yes/no” answer impossible. The part of the question before the conjunction or is ...
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Serbo-Croatian grammar

Serbo-Croatian is a South Slavic language that has, like most other Slavic languages, an extensive system of inflection. This article describes exclusively the grammar of the Shtokavian dialect, which is a part of the South Slavic dialect continuum and the basis for the Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian standard variants of Serbo-Croatian.Pronouns, nouns, adjectives, and some numerals decline (change the word ending to reflect case, i.e. grammatical category and function), whereas verbs conjugate for person and tense. As in all other Slavic languages, the basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO); however, due to the use of declension to show sentence structure, word order is not as important as in languages that tend toward analyticity such as English or Chinese. Deviations from the standard SVO order are stylistically marked and may be employed to convey a particular emphasis, mood or overall tone, according to the intentions of the speaker or writer. Often, such deviations will sound literary, poetical, or archaic.Nouns have three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, that correspond to a certain extent with the word ending, so that most nouns ending in -a are feminine, -o and -e neuter, and the rest mostly masculine with a small but important class of feminines. The grammatical gender of a noun affects the morphology of other parts of speech (adjectives, pronouns, and verbs) attached to it. Nouns are declined into seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, and instrumental.Verbs are divided into two broad classes according to their aspect, which can be either perfective (signifying a completed action) or imperfective (action is incomplete or repetitive). There are seven tenses, four of which (present, perfect, future I and II) are used in contemporary Serbo-Croatian, and the other three (aorist, imperfect and plusquamperfect) used much less frequently—the plusquamperfect is generally limited to written language and some more educated speakers, whereas the aorist and imperfect are considered stylistically marked and rather archaic. However, some non-standard dialects make considerable (and thus unmarked) use of those tenses.All Serbo-Croatian lexemes in this article are spelled in accented form in Latin alphabet, as well as in both accents (Ijekavian and Ekavian, with Ijekavian bracketed) where these differ (see Serbo-Croatian phonology.)
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