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a comparative study in English French German and Spanish.
a comparative study in English French German and Spanish.

... It is the purpose of this paper to provide the stu­ dent of several languages with a supplementary reference to which he can turn for comparisons of some major grammatical functions and formations existing in Spanish, French, Ger­ man, and English* Since the task of comparing grammatical points is e ...
from senri.ed.jp
from senri.ed.jp

... allow loanwords to enter the Japanese lexicon without difficulty. Shibatani points out “Since the Japanese does not mark gender, person, or number on nouns, and since cases are indicated by separate particles, a loan word can simply be inserted into any position where a native nominal might appear, ...
French 1: Core Targets – Knowledge and Skill Chapitre Préliminaire
French 1: Core Targets – Knowledge and Skill Chapitre Préliminaire

...  I can ask someone how they are and respond appropriately. 6. I can communicate my thoughts and ask questions related to being in French class.  I can ask to go to the bathroom, the nurse, or my locker.  I can ask for permission to speak in English.  I can ask ‘Comment dit-on?’, ‘Comment ça s’éc ...
TABLA PARCIAL DE CONTENIDOS – EXÁMENES DE
TABLA PARCIAL DE CONTENIDOS – EXÁMENES DE

... Count and non-count nouns / there is and there are Count and non-count nouns: indefinite quantities and amounts—some, any, a lot of, many, and much Direct object placement with phrasal verbs Expressions with prepositions Factual and unreal conditional sentences ...
- OELAS - Arizona Department of Education
- OELAS - Arizona Department of Education

... Standard 1: The student will identify and apply conventions of standard English in his or her communications. HI-5: producing sentences with S-V-C construction with a noun as the subject, with subject-verb agreement. HI-6: producing sentences with S-V-C construction, with plural nouns as the subject ...
Class Notes # 10b: Natural Language Processing
Class Notes # 10b: Natural Language Processing

... Analyzing words Morphological analysis usually precedes parsing. Here are a few typical operations. • Recognize root forms of inflected words and construct a standardized representation, for example: books  book + PL, skated  skate + PAST. ...
Means of Expression of Temporal Deixis by Demonstrative
Means of Expression of Temporal Deixis by Demonstrative

... The frequent combination of demonstratives and deictic pointing is especially striking in early child language. When children begin to produce their first words, at around the age of 15 months, they typically use content words referring to persons, objects, and other entities in their environment. B ...
Grammar Diagnostic Annotated Key
Grammar Diagnostic Annotated Key

... You could try shifting the burden, reversing the order, sliding the scale, or any other compensating measures, but that never works. Unclear pronoun: there are four choices for what "that" might refer to, but not one of those choices is clear. Remember, a pronoun "stands in the place of" a noun, and ...
INTRODUCTION TO SUMERIAN GRAMMAR
INTRODUCTION TO SUMERIAN GRAMMAR

... was read, and to show that they are not actually part of a word we transliterate them, in unilingual Sumerian context at least, as superscripts. To use the example of the "plow" sign above, the polyvalent sign APIN is read apin ...
greek grammar handout 2012 - University of Dallas Classics
greek grammar handout 2012 - University of Dallas Classics

... and never on a short syllable). It appears on any accented penult if that is long, and the ult short, e.g. χεῖρα. It appears on any accented ult which (a) is a genitive or dative ending; or (b) is a contraction (e.g. in contract verbs; in futures of liquid verbs; in any ult containing iota subscript ...
GoChinese Lesson
GoChinese Lesson

... [Learning Point:  Common verbs] Using adjectives in place of verbs While 'máng' (忙 / busy) is an adjective, it also functions as a verb in this sentence. Compare this with its English equivalent, 'Are you busy tomorrow?' ...
Unit 5---Complex Sentences
Unit 5---Complex Sentences

... dependent. A dependent clause cannot live on its own (just like a baby). ...
Phrases, clauses, and commas
Phrases, clauses, and commas

... • When removed from its sentence, an independent clause makes complete sense. • It was a hot, sunny weekend, and all the beaches were packed. – 2 independent clauses joined with a conjunction ...
A grammar of Palula - Language Science Press
A grammar of Palula - Language Science Press

... 6.1 Introduction and overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Personal pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Demonstratives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.1 Relationship to the larger pro-form system 6.3.2 Demonstratives and third person . . . . . 6.3.3 Exophoric use . . . . . . ...
Appositive Phrases
Appositive Phrases

... modify, which could be the object of a prep. phrase The snow on the grass in the meadow ...
U E E S
U E E S

... conventions, carelessness, or laziness. In this class you will be aware of and learn the conventions for proper attribution of your sources. Plagiarism is an act of intentional deception that is not only dishonest, but one which robs you of the most important product of education— actual learning. I ...
A Stochastic Parts Program and Noun Phrase Parser for
A Stochastic Parts Program and Noun Phrase Parser for

... and trigram statistics are much easier to obtain than Fidditch-type disambiguation rules, which are extremely tedious to program, test and debug. In addition, the proposed stochastic approach can naturally take advantage of lexical probabilities in a way that is not easy to capture with parsers that ...
chapters 4 and 5
chapters 4 and 5

... Verbs are distinguished depending on what objects or object predicates they select. Verbs that select objects are called transitive verbs and those that don't, as in (36) below, intransitive. If the verb selects one object, as in (13) and (14) above, it is (mono)transitive; if it selects two objects ...
LECTURES on “History of English”
LECTURES on “History of English”

... Thus, the purpose of our subject is a systematic study of the language’s development from the earliest times to the present day. Such study enables the student to acquire a more profound understanding of the language of today. Besides, history of English is an important subsidiary discipline for his ...
Spanish II
Spanish II

... SPII a2(D) The student will use accurate expressions of language, including “ir” and “ estar”. SPII a2(C) The student will use accurate expressions of language including the present progressive tense form of verbs. SPII a2(F) The student will use accurate expressions of language including radical ch ...
Class Notes # 10c: Semantics
Class Notes # 10c: Semantics

... meaning (a knowledge structure). Semantics resides at both sides of parsing, and elements of meaning come from words. Lexical knowledge lives in dictionaries. It has two forms. • Morphological and syntactic information about the word: part-of-speech (class), number, case, gender, tense, requirements ...
GRS LX 700 Language Acquisition and Linguistic Theory
GRS LX 700 Language Acquisition and Linguistic Theory

... mean “+present” or “not +past”? Makes different predictions about what kinds of “errors” kids will make during OI stage. Suppose subject is 3sg, and T is missing. T is spelled out as Ø. Agr is spelled out either as Ø (if -past=+present) or t (if -past=not +past). Latter will look like present tense— ...
Does Korean have adjectives?*
Does Korean have adjectives?*

... ACC: accusative case; IND: Indicative sentence; NOM: nominative case; PRT: past tense; PRST: present tense; REL; relative clause marker; TOP: topic. ...
Syntax
Syntax

... Number is a grammatical category for the analysis of such contrasts as singular and plural of certain word classes. In English, number is a feature of nouns and verbs. Gender demonstrates such contrasts as "masculine, feminine, and neuter", and "animate: inanimate", etc. for the analysis of certain ...
questions to the differentiational test in theoretical grammar
questions to the differentiational test in theoretical grammar

... offer ready-made solutions, and there are grammatical phenomena that are interpreted in different ways by different scholars. The reason for this is, on the one hand, the existence of different schools in linguistics with their distinct methods of analysis and, consequently, with their own treatment ...
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Serbo-Croatian grammar

Serbo-Croatian is a South Slavic language that has, like most other Slavic languages, an extensive system of inflection. This article describes exclusively the grammar of the Shtokavian dialect, which is a part of the South Slavic dialect continuum and the basis for the Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian standard variants of Serbo-Croatian.Pronouns, nouns, adjectives, and some numerals decline (change the word ending to reflect case, i.e. grammatical category and function), whereas verbs conjugate for person and tense. As in all other Slavic languages, the basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO); however, due to the use of declension to show sentence structure, word order is not as important as in languages that tend toward analyticity such as English or Chinese. Deviations from the standard SVO order are stylistically marked and may be employed to convey a particular emphasis, mood or overall tone, according to the intentions of the speaker or writer. Often, such deviations will sound literary, poetical, or archaic.Nouns have three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, that correspond to a certain extent with the word ending, so that most nouns ending in -a are feminine, -o and -e neuter, and the rest mostly masculine with a small but important class of feminines. The grammatical gender of a noun affects the morphology of other parts of speech (adjectives, pronouns, and verbs) attached to it. Nouns are declined into seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, and instrumental.Verbs are divided into two broad classes according to their aspect, which can be either perfective (signifying a completed action) or imperfective (action is incomplete or repetitive). There are seven tenses, four of which (present, perfect, future I and II) are used in contemporary Serbo-Croatian, and the other three (aorist, imperfect and plusquamperfect) used much less frequently—the plusquamperfect is generally limited to written language and some more educated speakers, whereas the aorist and imperfect are considered stylistically marked and rather archaic. However, some non-standard dialects make considerable (and thus unmarked) use of those tenses.All Serbo-Croatian lexemes in this article are spelled in accented form in Latin alphabet, as well as in both accents (Ijekavian and Ekavian, with Ijekavian bracketed) where these differ (see Serbo-Croatian phonology.)
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