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preparation guide for the
preparation guide for the

... : Today’s discussion is about a common animal reaction – the yawn. The dictionary defines a yawn as “an involuntary reaction to fatigue or boredom.” That’s certainly true for human yawns. The same action can have quite different meanings in different species. For example, some animals yawn to intimi ...
Grammar, Punctuation, and Capitalization
Grammar, Punctuation, and Capitalization

... Whether an 's can properly be added to an inanimate noun seems to be a matter of idiom. We would not say, for example, systems' analyst table's top ...
The origin and originality of passivization in Papiamentu
The origin and originality of passivization in Papiamentu

... corresponding past participles (e.g. ‘eaten’; ‘known’), suggesting that at that time all longer verbs were stressed like disyllabic verbs. Similarly, the Spanish-based orthography used by Sintiago (1898) made him place an orthographic accent on final syllables of clear (past) partici ...
Английская грамматика: базовый теоретический курс
Английская грамматика: базовый теоретический курс

... — The Conjunction — The Particle — The Article ...
inquiries into the lexicon-syntax relations in basque
inquiries into the lexicon-syntax relations in basque

... Aldezabal and Goenaga discuss several general problems regarding the way verbal subcategorization can be dealt with in computational linguistics, and they present the results obtained in their analysis of subcategorization patterns for one hundred verbs. As indicated before, the other papers have a ...
A grammar of Palula - Language Science Press
A grammar of Palula - Language Science Press

... Mood markers . . . . . . . . . . . . Conjunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discourse markers . . . . . . . . . . Interjections . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other words or word-like elements ...
On the syntax ofconstructions with arb SE in Spanish
On the syntax ofconstructions with arb SE in Spanish

... Koopman & Sportiche (1988: Sec. 1.4) further claim that there are two mechanisms for nominative Case assignment .(although these two mechanisms are not available for all languages). Case can be assigned to an NP (or DP) (i) under government by a structural Case assigner, or (ii) as an instance of SP ...
Español IV/V
Español IV/V

... To form Imperfect Subjunctive: 1) Begin with form from the preterite tense (i.e. hablaron) 2) Remove the –ron part of the preterite form 3) Add these endings:  (Note: accent over the vowel preceding this ending) -ra -‘ramos -ras -rais -ra -ran ***May also see these endings, especially in li ...
Full proceedings volume - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics
Full proceedings volume - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics

... the presence of the translation or the original. The use of a parallel corpus also enables one to conduct a contrastive study of the factors involved in disambiguation. These factors have been found to be the same for Russian and English, although English sentences with scope ambiguity of this type ...
Grammar Exercises
Grammar Exercises

... It is the rule of "Id> Id>a\fa (annexation) that nothing must interpose between the noun and its following genitive. Consequently, if the noun is qualified by an adjective, demonstrated by a demonstrative, or numbered by a number, the latter, i.e. the adjective, the demonstrative and the number must ...
771Lec19-WordMeaningsII
771Lec19-WordMeaningsII

... entailment: the verb Y is entailed by X if by doing X you must be doing Y (to sleep is entailed by to snore) coordinate terms: those verbs sharing a common hypernym (to lisp and to yell) ...
HEDGES USED BY SAKI IN THE PEACE OFFERING SHORT STORY
HEDGES USED BY SAKI IN THE PEACE OFFERING SHORT STORY

... Modal lexical verbs Modal lexical verb (or so called ‘speech act verb’ used to perform act such as doubting and evaluating rather than they merely describing) of varying degree of illocutionary force: to seem, to appear (epistemic verbs), to believe, to assume, to suggest, to estimate, to tend, to t ...
A Realization Optimality-Theoretic approach to affix order
A Realization Optimality-Theoretic approach to affix order

... For example, in the form sew-re-k-aj ‘from under the bear’ sew-re and -k first form a unit, which further combines with -aj. The reverse order of the locative and localization markers would violate the scope constraint (Sect. 3), which is reflected in the fact that #‘under from the bear’ is an odd m ...
Adverbs - 1º Bach.English Classes
Adverbs - 1º Bach.English Classes

... He had hardly begun. (auxiliary verb + adverb + main verb) My work is almost finished. (is/am/are/was/were + adverb) I just asked. (adverb + main verb) She hardly realized what she was doing. (adverb + main verb) He is entirely right. (is/am/are/was/were + adverb) She was rather busy. (is/am/a ...
Free English Grammar E
Free English Grammar E

... You can use either “will/won’t” or “going to” for predictions or general statements about the future: My company‘s going to move its headquarters overseas next year. My company will move its headquarters overseas next year. Your wife will love those flowers – they’re beautiful! Your wife’s going to ...
What Brazilian Portuguese Says about Control: Remarks on Boeckx
What Brazilian Portuguese Says about Control: Remarks on Boeckx

... MTC. The facts, however, can be explained in a number of different ways, so they do not constitute a decisive argument for the MTC. Additionally, in section 4, I discuss some BP data that clearly argue against the MTC, but such data are not related to null subjects. 3. Agreement Facts in Boeckx & Ho ...
unlLTC09
unlLTC09

... preprocessing because parser could not handle it correctly, certain post processing is also needed even with a correct parse tree because of multi-word nouns, phrasal verbs etc. In this phase some modification takes place on dependency parse of the sentence. Some of these modifications are as follow ...
An outline of Proto-Indo-European
An outline of Proto-Indo-European

... was not shared by Anatolian. The early loss of word-final *-t after an obstruent in the non-Anatolian languages explains the removal of the root-final obstruent in Greek ἔσβη ‘(the fire) went out’ < *gwēs(t) and the rise of the k-perfect in Greek and Latin (cf. Kortlandt 2007a: 155). The non-Anatoli ...
Involuntary state constructions in Polish: a case of semantic
Involuntary state constructions in Polish: a case of semantic

... Consequently, the features to be accounted for in ISCs are: the occurrence of the dative argument in the absence of the nominative subject, the default verbal form showing no agreement, the necessity of manner modification, the human/animate character of the dative argument, which, however, does not ...
A Programmed Introduction
A Programmed Introduction

... Have you ever opened a Bible, read a passage from it, and then closed the Bible without having even a clue about what it meant? Have you ever read a passage, and then an hour later, been unable to remember what you read? Have you ever wanted to know what a passage “really meant” in the original lang ...
1 Lexical-Constructional Subsumption in Resultative Constructions
1 Lexical-Constructional Subsumption in Resultative Constructions

... ble of contributing arguments (observe that sneeze is actually an intransitive verb, and therefore the Y and Z arguments are supplied by the causedmotion construction in this example), but also of creating semantic constraints on the predicates that may fuse (Goldberg 1995: 50) with each particular ...
Placed, Non- Placed and Anaphorically Placed Expressions:
Placed, Non- Placed and Anaphorically Placed Expressions:

... It has been noted by many that the morphological expression of Tense is strongly interrelated with the morphological expression of Person. As stated in Greenberg’s Universal 30 (Greenberg ,1963), for instance, if a language has Person- Number categories, it always has TenseMood categories. On indepe ...
Accepted for publication in the Journal of Semantics, pre
Accepted for publication in the Journal of Semantics, pre

... recip, a polyadic quantifier, the semantics of which are such that it entails all of the above features. The language-specific morphosyntactic realization of this quantifier is therefore largely semantically irrelevant. In particular, they argued that an account such as Heim et al.’s (1991) which co ...
English Grammar 2
English Grammar 2

... of speech. Determiners are words like a, an, the, this, that, these, those, every, each, some, any, my, his, one, two, etc., which determine or limit the meaning of the nouns that follow. In this book, as in many traditional grammars, all determiners except a, an and the are classed among adjectives ...
Lesson 28
Lesson 28

... to choose cattle to choose my cattle to keep the law his keeping the law ...
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Georgian grammar

The Georgian language belongs to the Kartvelian family. Some of its characteristics are similar to those of Slavic languages such as its system of verbal aspect, but Georgian grammar is remarkably different from European languages and has many distinct features, such as split ergativity and a polypersonal verb agreement system.Georgian has its own alphabet. In this article, a transliteration with Latin letters will be used throughout.
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