The syntax of Swedish present participles - the
... Later research has taken a derivational approach to lexical categories and word formation, claiming that words are built in very much the same way as sentences, i.e. that word formation is syntactic (Halle and Marantz 1993, Marantz 1997, Josefsson 1997, 1998, Baker 2003 etc). Strongly opposing the p ...
... Later research has taken a derivational approach to lexical categories and word formation, claiming that words are built in very much the same way as sentences, i.e. that word formation is syntactic (Halle and Marantz 1993, Marantz 1997, Josefsson 1997, 1998, Baker 2003 etc). Strongly opposing the p ...
primary argument case-marking in baltic and finnic
... contexts that would call for the partitive in Standard Finnish (Ojajärvi 1950: 40–42). The use of the genitive object in Baltic can be divided in two categories: partitive (and in that group, the closely related genitive of negation) and ablative. Some IE languages (Indo-Iranian and partly ancient ...
... contexts that would call for the partitive in Standard Finnish (Ojajärvi 1950: 40–42). The use of the genitive object in Baltic can be divided in two categories: partitive (and in that group, the closely related genitive of negation) and ablative. Some IE languages (Indo-Iranian and partly ancient ...
An Open Toolkit for Automatic Machine Translation (Meta
... scores (all based on a predefined set of metrics, see Section 3.3). Several output formats are available through the ‘-o’ option. Default format is ‘-o mmatrix’ (one system, doc or segment per line, each metric in a different column). By default metrics are sorted according to the order as typed by ...
... scores (all based on a predefined set of metrics, see Section 3.3). Several output formats are available through the ‘-o’ option. Default format is ‘-o mmatrix’ (one system, doc or segment per line, each metric in a different column). By default metrics are sorted according to the order as typed by ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... evolution were in a period of rapid development as methodologists rushed to exploit new possibilities brought about by advances in gene sequencing and desktop computing. The initial reception of these methods was cool, but warmed as linguists became accustomed to the new methods and began to appreci ...
... evolution were in a period of rapid development as methodologists rushed to exploit new possibilities brought about by advances in gene sequencing and desktop computing. The initial reception of these methods was cool, but warmed as linguists became accustomed to the new methods and began to appreci ...
8 Causatives - Blackwell Publishing
... morpheme takes the shape sase if it attaches to a vowel-ending stem (tabe-sase “eat-cause”) while the initial s drops if the verb stem is consonant-ending (ik-ase “go-cause”). The deletion of s in the latter is forced by the open-syllable property of Japanese. Much of the chapter will be concerned w ...
... morpheme takes the shape sase if it attaches to a vowel-ending stem (tabe-sase “eat-cause”) while the initial s drops if the verb stem is consonant-ending (ik-ase “go-cause”). The deletion of s in the latter is forced by the open-syllable property of Japanese. Much of the chapter will be concerned w ...
doc - KISS Grammar
... 3. "Miles" is a noun used as an adverb. To save class time, if we discuss something like this at all, I normally leave it at that. Occasionally a student wants to know what it modifies. Perhaps the easiest way to answer that question is to assume an ellipsed clause that modifies "land." Thus: "land ...
... 3. "Miles" is a noun used as an adverb. To save class time, if we discuss something like this at all, I normally leave it at that. Occasionally a student wants to know what it modifies. Perhaps the easiest way to answer that question is to assume an ellipsed clause that modifies "land." Thus: "land ...
Optimizing Grammars for Minimum Dependency Length
... that assume fixed word order for a given grammatical relation, but choose the order such as to minimize dependency length over a large number of sentences. We represent grammatical relations simply by using the syntactic categories of the highest constituent headed by (maximal projection of) the two ...
... that assume fixed word order for a given grammatical relation, but choose the order such as to minimize dependency length over a large number of sentences. We represent grammatical relations simply by using the syntactic categories of the highest constituent headed by (maximal projection of) the two ...
Insubordination and its ·uses • --
... verb forms that fail to show tense, mood, or subject person. A fourth solution is to dissociate the assumed necessary link between main. clause status and finiteness, allowing certain types of main ·clause to be nonfinite; see the chapters in this volume by Nikolaeva and by Kalinjna and Sumbatova (C ...
... verb forms that fail to show tense, mood, or subject person. A fourth solution is to dissociate the assumed necessary link between main. clause status and finiteness, allowing certain types of main ·clause to be nonfinite; see the chapters in this volume by Nikolaeva and by Kalinjna and Sumbatova (C ...
MACHINE TRANSLATION An Introductory Guide
... which we call the transformer architecture. Though now somewhat old hat as regards the research community, this is still the design used in most commercial MT systems. In the second part of the chapter, we describe approaches which involve more extensive and sophisticated kinds of linguistic knowled ...
... which we call the transformer architecture. Though now somewhat old hat as regards the research community, this is still the design used in most commercial MT systems. In the second part of the chapter, we describe approaches which involve more extensive and sophisticated kinds of linguistic knowled ...
Click to edit Master title style
... Click to edit Master title style Arguments and Adjuncts • There ar two kinds of dependents: 1. arguments, which are required dependents, e.g., We deprived him of food. 2. adjuncts, which are not required; – they have a “less tight” link to the head, and ...
... Click to edit Master title style Arguments and Adjuncts • There ar two kinds of dependents: 1. arguments, which are required dependents, e.g., We deprived him of food. 2. adjuncts, which are not required; – they have a “less tight” link to the head, and ...
`Have` and the Link Between Perfects and Existentials in Old Catalan
... haver with a prototypical unaccusative show a series of traits that link them to existential constructions4. These features are the presence of a locative/dative PP, a definiteness effect, and a number mismatch between the theme-NP of the construction and the verb, which does not occur in any other ...
... haver with a prototypical unaccusative show a series of traits that link them to existential constructions4. These features are the presence of a locative/dative PP, a definiteness effect, and a number mismatch between the theme-NP of the construction and the verb, which does not occur in any other ...
Babcock, L., Stowe, J.C., Maloof, C.J., Brovetto, C., and Ullman, M.T.
... (Received: July 15, 2011; final revision received: November 7, 2011; accepted: January 19, 2012; first published online 30 April 2012) ...
... (Received: July 15, 2011; final revision received: November 7, 2011; accepted: January 19, 2012; first published online 30 April 2012) ...
Grammatical structure of the English Language
... preserving at the same time its nominal character. The gerund is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the stem of the verb, and coincides in form with Participle. As a natural result of its origin and development the gerund has nominal and verbal properties. The nominal characteristics of the gerund ...
... preserving at the same time its nominal character. The gerund is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the stem of the verb, and coincides in form with Participle. As a natural result of its origin and development the gerund has nominal and verbal properties. The nominal characteristics of the gerund ...
Automatic annotation of localization and identification relations in platform EXCOM
... identity (i.e. A=B) is interpreted by "A is the same thing as B" or "A and B coincides" raises a problem. To say that "l'étoile du matin est Vénus" expresses the identity (or the equality) of two expressions appears too rudimentary analysis because this is a matter of identification and not of an id ...
... identity (i.e. A=B) is interpreted by "A is the same thing as B" or "A and B coincides" raises a problem. To say that "l'étoile du matin est Vénus" expresses the identity (or the equality) of two expressions appears too rudimentary analysis because this is a matter of identification and not of an id ...
Part 9 English Idioms The English language abounds in idioms like
... often the idiom functions as one word. For instance, till the cows come home, which comprises a conjunction till, an article the, a noun cow, a verb come and an adverb home, means `forever' and functions as an adverb, thus replaceable by the word `forever'. The sam ...
... often the idiom functions as one word. For instance, till the cows come home, which comprises a conjunction till, an article the, a noun cow, a verb come and an adverb home, means `forever' and functions as an adverb, thus replaceable by the word `forever'. The sam ...
ARCHIVEr JUN 30 1975
... questions formed from sentences involving only direct discourse verbs demonstrate that unbounded leftward movement also occurs in Navajo, although it is a SOV COMP-final language, challenging claims that movement must be to COMP position. I claim that the different syntactic forms associated with th ...
... questions formed from sentences involving only direct discourse verbs demonstrate that unbounded leftward movement also occurs in Navajo, although it is a SOV COMP-final language, challenging claims that movement must be to COMP position. I claim that the different syntactic forms associated with th ...
The Editor`s Toolbox - University of St. Thomas
... Being a good editor involves not only in knowing rules, found in many books, but also in understanding human nature. Above all, it involves working closely with a good editor who is willing to help you improve. What we offer here is a chance for you to sit alongside us and hear us think out loud as ...
... Being a good editor involves not only in knowing rules, found in many books, but also in understanding human nature. Above all, it involves working closely with a good editor who is willing to help you improve. What we offer here is a chance for you to sit alongside us and hear us think out loud as ...
Squibs and Discussions: Storing Logical Form in a Shared
... of the subtrees 6 and 22 using a VP rule. When the new constituent in the parse stack has the same state vertex on its left and right as the item already stored in the forest, the alternative parse is added to the list of possible children for the already stored constituent. Note that nodes which ne ...
... of the subtrees 6 and 22 using a VP rule. When the new constituent in the parse stack has the same state vertex on its left and right as the item already stored in the forest, the alternative parse is added to the list of possible children for the already stored constituent. Note that nodes which ne ...
university of craiova - Universitatea din Craiova
... interested in the relationship between the system and its possible uses. Functional grammar is a theory which will try to explain syntax and semantic principles in terms of the pragmatic purposes and requirements of verbal interaction. Functional grammars are used for a variety of tasks. First of al ...
... interested in the relationship between the system and its possible uses. Functional grammar is a theory which will try to explain syntax and semantic principles in terms of the pragmatic purposes and requirements of verbal interaction. Functional grammars are used for a variety of tasks. First of al ...
Glossary 2015 - Cambridge English
... Teachers use this information to inform their future lesson planning. See teacher roles. Formal assessment When a teacher assesses learners and then gives them a formal report or grade, to say how successful or unsuccessful they have been See informal assessment. Formative assessment When a teacher ...
... Teachers use this information to inform their future lesson planning. See teacher roles. Formal assessment When a teacher assesses learners and then gives them a formal report or grade, to say how successful or unsuccessful they have been See informal assessment. Formative assessment When a teacher ...
TREE DIAGRAM (2)
... What are the NP and VP? The frog ate the lizard. The frog sat on the lilypad. The fat frog ate the long lizard slowly. The fat frog with a lizard in its mouth sat on the lilypad. The fat frog who was sitting on the lilypad with a lizard in its mouth danced the lambada. ...
... What are the NP and VP? The frog ate the lizard. The frog sat on the lilypad. The fat frog ate the long lizard slowly. The fat frog with a lizard in its mouth sat on the lilypad. The fat frog who was sitting on the lilypad with a lizard in its mouth danced the lambada. ...
AGU Grammar and Style Guide
... A comma should be used to clarify meaning. AGU uses the open punctuation style, that is, using only as much punctuation as necessary for clarity. Do not use balancing commas. Generally, commas are used around, before, and after nonrestrictive clauses and phrases. A nonrestrictive clause or phrases i ...
... A comma should be used to clarify meaning. AGU uses the open punctuation style, that is, using only as much punctuation as necessary for clarity. Do not use balancing commas. Generally, commas are used around, before, and after nonrestrictive clauses and phrases. A nonrestrictive clause or phrases i ...
Full text - Universiteit Leiden
... The process leading to this thesis began when, during my MA studies in Zurich, my then supervisor Dr. Philippe Maurer introduced me to a Timorese student, Eduardo da Costa Guterres. His native tongue, Makasae, ended up being the topic of my MA thesis. Eduardo’s commitment and enthusiasm convinced me ...
... The process leading to this thesis began when, during my MA studies in Zurich, my then supervisor Dr. Philippe Maurer introduced me to a Timorese student, Eduardo da Costa Guterres. His native tongue, Makasae, ended up being the topic of my MA thesis. Eduardo’s commitment and enthusiasm convinced me ...
The acquisition of a unification-based generalised categorial grammar
... Pulman for broadening my knowledge of natural language processing. I’m also indebted to Ben Waldron for allowing me to use his system. I also want to thank all the people that at one stage or another contributed to this work, especially Julia Hockenmaier, Judita Preiss, Claire Taylor and James Thoma ...
... Pulman for broadening my knowledge of natural language processing. I’m also indebted to Ben Waldron for allowing me to use his system. I also want to thank all the people that at one stage or another contributed to this work, especially Julia Hockenmaier, Judita Preiss, Claire Taylor and James Thoma ...