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Adjectives and Argument Structure
Adjectives and Argument Structure

... The AP is thus a function, a λ-expression. The lexically marked θ-role ends up being interpreted just like it would be in verbal environments, though it is not assigned in a direct manner as it would be in the verbal case, but rather via function application. I propose further that ergative adjectiv ...
Functional Analysis of Zero Anaphora in Thai
Functional Analysis of Zero Anaphora in Thai

... The study of syntactic and semantic roles of zero anaphora in other languages International linguists have conducted the study of zero anaphora. Numerous facets of its characteristics are widely and profoundly investigated, especially the syntactic and semantic roles. Li [10] presents an analysis of ...
ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION CLASS
ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION CLASS

... 'You' is also used, especially in spoken English, to refer to people in general, rather than to the person you are talking to: You can't predict the results of the general elections. You don't know what will happen. 'he' and 'she': You refer to a man or a boy as 'he' and to a 'woman or a 'girl' as ...
On the notion of subject for subject-oriented adverbs
On the notion of subject for subject-oriented adverbs

... 1 Geuder (2004) provides the example in 2a as a marginal instance of object orientation, but does not account for why it has such an interpretation. One of the English speakers I consulted, a linguist, found the example grammatically perfect with the object-oriented reading. Some speakers seem to fi ...
The semantics of the Turkish accusative marked
The semantics of the Turkish accusative marked

... These examples, however, can receive a plausible account under the analysis provided in this paper. To give a hint of what to expect, I will look into what an addressee presupposes with the question uttered and I will refer to this as the presupposition carried by the question under discussion (QUD) ...
Simile Cliché Phrasemes in Colloquial Language Résumé
Simile Cliché Phrasemes in Colloquial Language Résumé

... thus selecting a specific simile. Though all element values are thinkable, not all their combinations are realizable in a given language (see below). The first additional component represents a subjective speaker’s evaluation of the situation. In distinction to the core component that can be conside ...
Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction
Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction

... to know the details of how labio-velar consonants developed in Indo-European languages or the basis for the reconstruction of the locative plural case ending will not find them here; instead they will be able to review in detail arguments about the categories of the Indo-European verb or the syntax ...
On Comparative Suppletion
On Comparative Suppletion

... (and adverbs) that have suppletive comparatives (good/well-better, bad-worse; much/manymore, little/few-less). Over such a small sample size, the absence of the ABA pattern, or of any other pattern, could be synchronically accidental. What makes the generalizations above of interest is their cross-l ...
bardi verb morphology in historical perspective
bardi verb morphology in historical perspective

... Another person without whom this thesis could not have been written is Gedda Aklif. She very generously provided me with all her field notes, drafts, and dictionary elicitation tapes, which were invaluable and made my own fieldwork much more focused. She also gave me advice while in the field and b ...
code/API
code/API

... My program currently requires two files: the program itself, and the Latin dictionary file. It reads the dictionary in and parses through it, removing unimportant information and separating the key information about the word's characteristics, from the actual definitions. After reading in and genera ...
Japanese Grammar Guide - Tae Kim`s Guide to Learning Japanese
Japanese Grammar Guide - Tae Kim`s Guide to Learning Japanese

... 4.4.4 Using 「のに」 to mean "despite" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.5 Expressing contradiction using 「が」 and 「けど」 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.6 Expressing multiple reasons using 「し」 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.7 Expressing multiple actions or states using 「〜たりする」 . . . . . ...
Dative of Purpose and Reference
Dative of Purpose and Reference

... Dative of Reference (vid. Ch. 40)  The dative of reference is used when the dative depends not on any one particular word (such as is the case with Dative following special adjectives like amīcus, fidēlis, idoneus, and similis or verbs like crēdō and noceō) but on the general meaning of the sentenc ...
Coordinating constructions in Fongbe with - Archipel
Coordinating constructions in Fongbe with - Archipel

... Another difference between the clauses coordinated by b‡ or by bó lies in the fact that, when the two clauses are coordinated by b‡, the subject of the second conjunct clause must be overt, as in (5) and (7), and when the two clauses are coordinated by bó, the subject of the second conjunct must be ...
A Typology of Verbal Borrowings
A Typology of Verbal Borrowings

... The present volume is the revised version of my dissertation which was submitted to the Faculty of Philology of Leipzig University in January 2008 and defended in July 2008. This thesis took shape during the four years of the XXVIIIth Olympiad which I spent at the Department of Linguistics of the M ...
Verb Movement and Constituent Permutation in Basque
Verb Movement and Constituent Permutation in Basque

... Directly related to the issue of a basic word order, Kayne (1994) proposes that the directionality parameter (head-initial vs. head-final configurations) should be dispensed with in favour of a universal Specifier-Head-Complement configuration. If this hypothesis is on the right track, then all inst ...
Lenition of the Conjugated Prepositions in Irish and Welsh
Lenition of the Conjugated Prepositions in Irish and Welsh

... final syllable of unstressed words – this original environment was lost and because of this the occurrence of lenition became phonologically unpredictable. Most instances of lenition in the Celtic languages can be explained relatively easily by looking at the historical phonological context of the l ...
2 The Dative Case
2 The Dative Case

... some words, so you suggest flowerpot, mud puddle, and refrigerator. Then the leader of the game reads the story: “Philanthropists are people who like to help flowerpots. Some of them are very gullible and will believe every mud puddle they meet. These do-gooders will even give a refrigerator their l ...
interrogatives and relatives in some varieties of english
interrogatives and relatives in some varieties of english

... using data from colloquial and dialectal varieties of English. What, as interrogative operator, confirms the pattern observed by the authors, but with a different spectrum of possibilities, as expected. The case of ―why‖-like what, for example, presents some interesting points of contact with differ ...
Spanish 1 - Easy Peasy All-in
Spanish 1 - Easy Peasy All-in

... conversations on familiar topics, and write short passages with guidance. This course also emphasizes the development of reading and listening comprehension skills, such as reading isolated words and phrases in a situational context and comprehending brief written or oral directions. Additionally, s ...
Prefix Variation in Russian - Munin
Prefix Variation in Russian - Munin

... this. The Conflict Hypothesis postulates that previous researchers were wrong in identifying поand с- as being the most productive prefixes in Russian. This is perhaps the first interpretation that springs to mind, as за- is so overwhelmingly dominant in occasional verbs. Another possible interpreta ...
Analyzing Embedded Noun Phrase Structures Derived from
Analyzing Embedded Noun Phrase Structures Derived from

... double-nominal-case construction based on the valency structure used in ALT-J/E. ALT-J/E is a Japanese-toEnglish translation system (Ikehara et al. 87). An embeddednoun phrase structure is the structure in which a sentence (hereafter, called the embedded sentence) modifies a noun phrase (hereafter, ...
Canonical Forms of Idioms in Online Dictionaries - UKM e
Canonical Forms of Idioms in Online Dictionaries - UKM e

... with coincidentally the same meaning and with some lexis in common”. The fixedness of idioms should not necessarily be taken for granted and variant forms do exist, although “variants are embellishments, additions or reductions whose meaning and function are ultimately dependent on, and reducible to ...
The Write Stuff
The Write Stuff

... is both a quantitative and a qualitative term and can indicate the insufficient numbers of nursing personnel recruited to meet the demands for service. What’s the writer saying? Could you understand these two sentences after reading them once? Wouldn’t it have been clearer if you had been told that ...
ELL Stage I: Kindergarten Listening and Speaking P R
ELL Stage I: Kindergarten Listening and Speaking P R

... A student at this level consistently expresses and responds using grammatically correct simple sentences in social and academic settings. ...
Buntús na Gaeilge - Harvard University
Buntús na Gaeilge - Harvard University

... cailín and girseach, we chose cailín since it is also found in Munster and Connacht; similarly the negative particle ní, which is found throughout Ireland, is adopted rather than cha which is only found in Ulster (as well as Scottish Gaelic); the use of cha is however covered in the appendix that de ...
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Spanish grammar

Spanish grammar is the grammar of the Spanish language (español, castellano), which is a Romance language that originated in north central Spain and is spoken today throughout Spain, some twenty countries in the Americas, and Equatorial Guinea.Spanish is an inflected language. The verbs are potentially marked for tense, aspect, mood, person, and number (resulting in some fifty conjugated forms per verb). The nouns form a two-gender system and are marked for number. Pronouns can be inflected for person, number, gender (including a residual neuter), and case, although the Spanish pronominal system represents a simplification of the ancestral Latin system.Spanish was the first of the European vernaculars to have a grammar treatise, Gramática de la lengua castellana, written in 1492 by the Andalusian linguist Antonio de Nebrija and presented to Isabella of Castile at Salamanca.The Real Academia Española (RAE) traditionally dictates the normative rules of the Spanish language, as well as its orthography.Formal differences between Peninsular and American Spanish are remarkably few, and someone who has learned the dialect of one area will have no difficulties using reasonably formal speech in the other; however, pronunciation does vary, as well as grammar and vocabulary.Recently published comprehensive Spanish reference grammars in English include DeBruyne (1996), Butt & Benjamin (2004), and Batchelor & San José (2010).
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