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externality
externality

... • The intersection of the supply curve and the socialvalue curve determines the optimal output level. • The private market outcome under-consumes education at the market equilibrium quantity ...
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... complementary explanations for the law of demand. When the price changes, these effects work in combination to change in the quantity demanded in the opposite directions. ...
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... 15. Suppose that population increases and at every price market demand changes by 20 units. Once this industry returns to long run equilibrium the number of firms in the industry will be a. 7 firms. b. 2 firms. c. 5 firms. d. 6 firms. 16. Holding everything else constant, the more inelastic the supp ...
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... Resulting price, PL, is lower than monopoly price (PM). Residual demand curve is the market demand (DM) minus QL . Entry is not profitable because entrant’s residual demand lies below AC. Optimal limit pricing results in a residual demand such that, if the entrant entered and produced Q units, its p ...
Short-Run Cost Minimization
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... that minimizes a firm’s total cost of producing a particular level of output. Cost minimization firm: A firm that seeks to minimize the cost of producing a given amount of output. Long run: A period of time when the quantities of all of the firm’s input can vary. Short run: A period of time when at ...
Microeconomics
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... and quantity x = x⋆ . • The surplus is the area between the supply and demand curves up to the quantity x⋆ supplied. • We can again divide the surplus into: – consumer surplus, which is the benefit minus the total paid by the consumers to the producers, and – producer surplus, or operating profit, w ...
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... Relative Prices – the price of a good compared to the price of other goods Q: Why is the demand curve downward sloping?? a. Intuitively, people buy less of things when they become more expensive b. Law of diminishing marginal benefit – as more of a good is consumed, additional units provide less ben ...
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Business Vocabulary - Hicksville Public Schools

Use Economic Analysis to determine what happens to the price and
Use Economic Analysis to determine what happens to the price and

... a. EXPLAIN the results of the three following government policies. Be sure to draw each on a separate graph: price floor, price ceiling, and a production subsidy. (____/5) b. The government often uses excise taxes, called “sin taxes,” to manipulate consumption of cigarettes. Draw and label the shift ...
pptx - Cornell
pptx - Cornell

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Perfect competition

In economic theory, perfect competition (sometimes called pure competition) describes markets such that no participants are large enough to have the market power to set the price of a homogeneous product. Because the conditions for perfect competition are strict, there are few if any perfectly competitive markets. Still, buyers and sellers in some auction-type markets, say for commodities or some financial assets, may approximate the concept. As a Pareto efficient allocation of economic resources, perfect competition serves as a natural benchmark against which to contrast other market structures.
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