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Pulse-Width Modulation Control Circuits
Pulse-Width Modulation Control Circuits

... The error amplifiers exhibit a common-mode voltage range from –0.3 V to VCC – 2 V. The dead-time control comparator has a fixed offset that provides approximately 5% dead time. The on-chip oscillator can be bypassed by terminating RT to the reference output and providing a sawtooth input to CT, or i ...
PWM - EAL Lehrstuhl für Elektrische Antriebssysteme und
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Design of a passive RFID based Sensor System
Design of a passive RFID based Sensor System

... The communication between reader and tag is realized by amplitude modulation (Amplitude Shift Keying; ASK). So, the data is modulated by lowering the magnetic fields amplitude. The transmission from tag to reader is realized by a 10% ASK, which means the amplitude is lowered by 10% for a signal. The ...
Amplitude Modulator and Demodulator Circuits
Amplitude Modulator and Demodulator Circuits

... further processed by filters or phase-shifting circuitry to eliminate one of the sidebands, resulting in a SSB signal. Types of balanced modulators include lattice, 1496/1596 IC, and the analog ...
Lab 1: Common-source Amplifiers Introduction Preparation
Lab 1: Common-source Amplifiers Introduction Preparation

RF3398 数据资料DataSheet下载
RF3398 数据资料DataSheet下载

... Note 1: All specification and characterization data has been gathered on standard FR-4 evaluation boards. These evaluation boards are not optimized for frequencies above 2.5GHz. Performance above 2.5GHz may improve if a high performance PCB is used. Note 2: The RF3398 must be operated at or below 60 ...
Parameter Finding Methods for Oscillators with a Specified
Parameter Finding Methods for Oscillators with a Specified

NSEQ-2 Twin Topology Stereo Parametric Equalizer
NSEQ-2 Twin Topology Stereo Parametric Equalizer

CS5171BSTEVB CS5171/3 3.3 V to 5.0 V/ 400 mA Boost Regulator
CS5171BSTEVB CS5171/3 3.3 V to 5.0 V/ 400 mA Boost Regulator

... in which the PWM ramp signal is derived from the power switch current. This ramp signal is compared to the output of the error amplifier to control the on-time of the power switch. The oscillator is only used here as a fixed frequency clock to ensure a constant operational frequency. At the beginnin ...
Chapter 6: Analog Electrical Devices
Chapter 6: Analog Electrical Devices

... resistor made of a length of wire wound around an appropriate insulating support. „ The point labeled A represents a sliding contact, which makes an electrical connection with the resistor R at any point along its length. „ The resistance between point A and point B in the circuit is a linear functi ...
Proper Termination of Digital Incremental Encoder
Proper Termination of Digital Incremental Encoder

Capacitor Impedance
Capacitor Impedance

... Loads and line resistances are the reasons why catastrophic harmonic problems from capacitors on utility distribution feeders are seldom seen. That is not to say that there will not be any harmonic problems due to resonance, but the problems will generally not cause physical damage to the electrical ...
FX469 - CML Microcircuits
FX469 - CML Microcircuits

... The FX469 demonstrates a high sensitivity and good bit-error-rate under adverse signal conditions; the carrier detect time constant is set by an external capacitor, whose value should be arranged as required to further enhance this product's performance in high noise environments. This low-power dev ...
Title A 60 GHz 25% tuning range frequency generator with implicit
Title A 60 GHz 25% tuning range frequency generator with implicit

... 20 GHz and its 3rd harmonic at 60 GHz. The 60 GHz signal is feed forward to the buffer/PA, while the 20 GHz signal is fed back to the phase detector after further frequency division, as shown in Fig. 1. Consequently, the ÷3 functionality is inherent with the 60 GHz LO thus avoiding any physical divi ...
RF5622 3.0V TO 3.6V, 2.4GHz TO 2.5GHz LINEAR POWER AMPLIFIER Features
RF5622 3.0V TO 3.6V, 2.4GHz TO 2.5GHz LINEAR POWER AMPLIFIER Features

... layout and ground vias. Other configurations may also work, but the design process is much easier and quicker if the layout is copied from the RF5622 evaluation board. Gerber files of RFMD PCBA designs can be provided on request. The RF5622 is a very easy part to implement, but care in circuit layou ...
Pulse Transmitter
Pulse Transmitter

... capable of converting the signal from flow sensors to a scaled units/pulse signal. In addition to our standard square wave signal, it can also accept a sine wave making it a versatile transmitter for numerous applications. With an onboard micro-controller and digital circuitry, the I-320 is programm ...
A 24-GHz CMOS Direct-Conversion Sub-Harmonic Downconverter
A 24-GHz CMOS Direct-Conversion Sub-Harmonic Downconverter

... bands, and the use of silicon technology provides an opportunity for deployment of these systems at low cost [1,4]. Unlicensed bands around 24 GHz and 60 GHz provide high bandwidth enabling high speed wireless networks. Current CMOS and SiGe technologies offer high fT and fMAX and can be used for ap ...
SX440 AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR (AVR)
SX440 AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR (AVR)

A v
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WPS-343724-02
WPS-343724-02

... used to evaluate the WPS343724-02 hardware. The 4 watt device in the ‘02’ package has a limited temperature range of approximately 60°C. An earless flange or flange package is offered with better Tjc and can be used at much higher temperatures. Please consult the factory for your specific applicatio ...
Paper Title (use style: paper title)
Paper Title (use style: paper title)

1857 Room sensors QFA20..
1857 Room sensors QFA20..

... Check wiring before switching on power. The temperature measuring range must be selected on the sensor, if required. Wiring and the output signals can be checked by making use of the test function (refer to "Mechanical design"). We recommend not to use voltmeters or ohmmeters directly at the sensing ...
10GEPON Burst Receiver
10GEPON Burst Receiver

... • The goals of this ad-hoc are to resolve the following issues: - TIA Gain • Is different gain for 1G and 10G required? ...
Training Wheels for Electrical Wave Files
Training Wheels for Electrical Wave Files

... and 440-volt systems are inspected with infrared imaging and/or spot radiometers for temperature changes. Hot spots, usually an indication of resistance, can be indicative of a potential for equipment failure or it could indicate a possible fire hazard. When arcing occurs, it is often accompanied by ...
2.5Gbps SFP Transceiver
2.5Gbps SFP Transceiver

... segments of the EEPROM that are not write protected within the SFP transceiver. The negative edge clocks data from the SFP transceiver. The serial data signal (SDA) is bi-directional for serial data transfer. The host uses SDA in conjunction with SCL to mark the start and end of serial protocol acti ...
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Heterodyne



Heterodyning is a radio signal processing technique invented in 1901 by Canadian inventor-engineer Reginald Fessenden, in which new frequencies are created by combining or mixing two frequencies. Heterodyning is used to shift one frequency range into another, new one, and is also involved in the processes of modulation and demodulation. The two frequencies are combined in a nonlinear signal-processing device such as a vacuum tube, transistor, or diode, usually called a mixer. In the most common application, two signals at frequencies f1 and f2 are mixed, creating two new signals, one at the sum f1 + f2 of the two frequencies, and the other at the difference f1 − f2. These new frequencies are called heterodynes. Typically only one of the new frequencies is desired, and the other signal is filtered out of the output of the mixer. Heterodynes are related to the phenomenon of ""beats"" in acoustics.A major application of the heterodyne process is in the superheterodyne radio receiver circuit, which is used in virtually all modern radio receivers.
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