Three kinds of collective attitudes
... aggregation and through behavioural aggregation. In the case of direct aggregation, the aggregate attitudes of a collective are determined, directly, as a function or summary statistic of the corresponding individual attitudes. This is the familiar route by which we ascribe aggregate attitudes to po ...
... aggregation and through behavioural aggregation. In the case of direct aggregation, the aggregate attitudes of a collective are determined, directly, as a function or summary statistic of the corresponding individual attitudes. This is the familiar route by which we ascribe aggregate attitudes to po ...
Memory-based versus on-line processing: Implications for attitude
... however, does not reveal whether on-line attitudes have additional strength eVects as well, nor whether these eVects are independent of accessibility. Although attitude accessibility is a well-established feature of attitude strength, known to contribute to the durability and impact of attitudes (se ...
... however, does not reveal whether on-line attitudes have additional strength eVects as well, nor whether these eVects are independent of accessibility. Although attitude accessibility is a well-established feature of attitude strength, known to contribute to the durability and impact of attitudes (se ...
Beliefs about Voices - Cambridge University Press
... engaged and welcomed, while negative voices tend to be resisted. Consistent with traditional cognitive-behavioural theory, Morrison and Haddock (1997) proposed that triggering events such as intrusive thoughts or ‘neutral’ auditory hallucinations may be appraised by the voice hearer in light of such ...
... engaged and welcomed, while negative voices tend to be resisted. Consistent with traditional cognitive-behavioural theory, Morrison and Haddock (1997) proposed that triggering events such as intrusive thoughts or ‘neutral’ auditory hallucinations may be appraised by the voice hearer in light of such ...
Self-Generated Persuasion - psychology at Ohio State University
... (proattitudinal issue), they know that they do not have to work very hard at all to convince themselves since they already approve. Because they cannot be as certain that another person favors the issue, they work harder to generate arguments when another is the focus of persuasion rather than the s ...
... (proattitudinal issue), they know that they do not have to work very hard at all to convince themselves since they already approve. Because they cannot be as certain that another person favors the issue, they work harder to generate arguments when another is the focus of persuasion rather than the s ...
THE FUNCTIONAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF ATTITUDES
... Attitude is the predisposition of the individual to evaluate some symbol or object or aspect of his world in a favorable or unfavorable manner. Opinion is the verbal expression of an attitude, but attitudes can also be expressed in nonverbal behavior. Attitudes include both the affective, or feeling ...
... Attitude is the predisposition of the individual to evaluate some symbol or object or aspect of his world in a favorable or unfavorable manner. Opinion is the verbal expression of an attitude, but attitudes can also be expressed in nonverbal behavior. Attitudes include both the affective, or feeling ...
Cognitive ability as a buffer to neuroticism: Churchill`s
... neuroticism. For example, Churchill moderated his fear of public speaking with an elaborate routine of preparation (Jenkins, 2001), fought depression with physically creative pastimes such as bricklaying and painting, and reduced his tendency to worry with a primitive form of cognitive behaviour the ...
... neuroticism. For example, Churchill moderated his fear of public speaking with an elaborate routine of preparation (Jenkins, 2001), fought depression with physically creative pastimes such as bricklaying and painting, and reduced his tendency to worry with a primitive form of cognitive behaviour the ...
Hélène Landemore
... can be assumed to rise above their class, gender, and other interests to apply impartial and reasoned judgments to policy matters. By contrast, descriptive representation corresponds to the view that representative assemblies should be, as John Adams famously required, like “an exact portrait, in m ...
... can be assumed to rise above their class, gender, and other interests to apply impartial and reasoned judgments to policy matters. By contrast, descriptive representation corresponds to the view that representative assemblies should be, as John Adams famously required, like “an exact portrait, in m ...
Genotype differences in cognitive functioning in Noonan syndrome
... four research sites. Cognitive scores did not vary significantly as a function of the recruitment/testing location, F3,61 ¼ 0.85, P ¼ .47. This suggests that a similar range of abilities was seen in patients identified through medical clinics, research studies, and through the NS Support Group. Patt ...
... four research sites. Cognitive scores did not vary significantly as a function of the recruitment/testing location, F3,61 ¼ 0.85, P ¼ .47. This suggests that a similar range of abilities was seen in patients identified through medical clinics, research studies, and through the NS Support Group. Patt ...
A Case Study Series of the Feasibility of a Group Based Cognitive
... the participant to rate its usefulness upon completion of the task. This is important as programs that incorporate strategy generation and development, as well as adjunctive rehabilitation have shown more functional improvements [21]. In addition to being designed specifically for individuals with s ...
... the participant to rate its usefulness upon completion of the task. This is important as programs that incorporate strategy generation and development, as well as adjunctive rehabilitation have shown more functional improvements [21]. In addition to being designed specifically for individuals with s ...
Preferences for Beliefs - George Mason University
... Al Qaeda was largely composed of people from Saudi Arabia; as a result, sufficient countermeasures were not taken in time and a number of terrorist incidents occurred before the government took the threat seriously. As this example illustrates, even when the cost of a mistaken belief is high, biased ...
... Al Qaeda was largely composed of people from Saudi Arabia; as a result, sufficient countermeasures were not taken in time and a number of terrorist incidents occurred before the government took the threat seriously. As this example illustrates, even when the cost of a mistaken belief is high, biased ...
Reacting to an Assumed Situation vs. Conforming
... speaker’s place, and that it was this latter form of discomfort that was reduced by attitude change(Elliot & Devine, 1994). One aspect of vicarious dissonance that makes the phenomenon so intriguing is that it is less directly intuitive than many effects studied in the literature. The reason why ind ...
... speaker’s place, and that it was this latter form of discomfort that was reduced by attitude change(Elliot & Devine, 1994). One aspect of vicarious dissonance that makes the phenomenon so intriguing is that it is less directly intuitive than many effects studied in the literature. The reason why ind ...
Syntax in music and language: The role of cognitive control
... but also the resolution of conflict between this unexpected information and a current representation of an incrementally constructed (and/or predicted) structure. The unrelated aspects of language, in contrast, may not place demands on conflict resolution per se as there is no obvious way to resolve ...
... but also the resolution of conflict between this unexpected information and a current representation of an incrementally constructed (and/or predicted) structure. The unrelated aspects of language, in contrast, may not place demands on conflict resolution per se as there is no obvious way to resolve ...
Cognitive reserve_Valenciano_Guàrdia_June2014
... observed that people with greater intelligence show a greater neuropathological process, as compared to people of less intelligence who show a similar cognitive performance (Solé-Padullés et al., 2009; Bosch et al., 2010). This fact makes evident the compensatory effect occurring in individuals with ...
... observed that people with greater intelligence show a greater neuropathological process, as compared to people of less intelligence who show a similar cognitive performance (Solé-Padullés et al., 2009; Bosch et al., 2010). This fact makes evident the compensatory effect occurring in individuals with ...
Behaviour and Attitudes
... While Wicker and others were describing the weakness of attitudes, some personality psychologists found personality traits equally ineffective in predicting behaviour (Mischel, 1968). If we want to know how helpful people are going to be, we usually won’t learn much by giving them tests of self-este ...
... While Wicker and others were describing the weakness of attitudes, some personality psychologists found personality traits equally ineffective in predicting behaviour (Mischel, 1968). If we want to know how helpful people are going to be, we usually won’t learn much by giving them tests of self-este ...
12. Group Data in Cognitive Neuropsychology 1. Introduction
... Ms Cs and Ls are equivalent in relevant respects for patients P1 through Pn. We have already expressed our willingness to accept the assumption that Ms and Cs are equivalent. We cannot do the same, however for the Ls--these are not under the control of the experimenter. It is an empirical matter to ...
... Ms Cs and Ls are equivalent in relevant respects for patients P1 through Pn. We have already expressed our willingness to accept the assumption that Ms and Cs are equivalent. We cannot do the same, however for the Ls--these are not under the control of the experimenter. It is an empirical matter to ...
GROUP CONCEPT MAPPING AND COGNITIVE STYLE 1 Concept
... between the structural representations of the two groups (Adaptors vs. Innovators) by conducting a multivariate rotational-fit algorithm between two configurations as represented by the two sets of x–y coordinates for each respective map (2 dimensional, multivariate summaries). In conducting these a ...
... between the structural representations of the two groups (Adaptors vs. Innovators) by conducting a multivariate rotational-fit algorithm between two configurations as represented by the two sets of x–y coordinates for each respective map (2 dimensional, multivariate summaries). In conducting these a ...
THE EFFECTS OF BACKGROUND MUSIC ON COGNITIVE
... study and work on assignments for classes while listening to music. For many, music has become an essential part of ones daily life and is a way for people to complete work in a more pleasurabl ...
... study and work on assignments for classes while listening to music. For many, music has become an essential part of ones daily life and is a way for people to complete work in a more pleasurabl ...
Running Head: THE POT CALLING THE KETTLE BLACK
... the definition of cognitive dissonance (see Festinger, 1957; Festinger & Carlsmith, 1959), ethical dissonance is a psychological state in which an individual’s cognitions—beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors—are at odds. It is an aversive experience that motivates the person who experiences the inconsi ...
... the definition of cognitive dissonance (see Festinger, 1957; Festinger & Carlsmith, 1959), ethical dissonance is a psychological state in which an individual’s cognitions—beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors—are at odds. It is an aversive experience that motivates the person who experiences the inconsi ...
Chapter 8: Attitudes and Behavior
... more deliberate, attitudes produce intentions to act in particular ways, and people put much time and effort into fulfilling these intentions. However, people’s behavior isn’t always in line with their attitudes because: 1. Several important processes are needed before attitudes can affect behavior. ...
... more deliberate, attitudes produce intentions to act in particular ways, and people put much time and effort into fulfilling these intentions. However, people’s behavior isn’t always in line with their attitudes because: 1. Several important processes are needed before attitudes can affect behavior. ...
The Pot Calling the Kettle Black: Distancing Response to Ethical
... need to maintain a moral self-image.1 Consistent with the definition of cognitive dissonance (see Festinger, 1957; Festinger & Carlsmith, 1959), ethical dissonance is a psychological state in which an individual’s cognitions— beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors—are at odds. It is an aversive experienc ...
... need to maintain a moral self-image.1 Consistent with the definition of cognitive dissonance (see Festinger, 1957; Festinger & Carlsmith, 1959), ethical dissonance is a psychological state in which an individual’s cognitions— beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors—are at odds. It is an aversive experienc ...
Author`s personal copy
... primes and behaviors were valence inconsistent (as opposed to consistent), explicit–implicit attitude discrepancies would increase as would feelings of discomfort (i.e., dissonance arousal). We then provided participants with more information about Bob’s opinion on an issue. We expected increased in ...
... primes and behaviors were valence inconsistent (as opposed to consistent), explicit–implicit attitude discrepancies would increase as would feelings of discomfort (i.e., dissonance arousal). We then provided participants with more information about Bob’s opinion on an issue. We expected increased in ...
Social Psy PP to writing assignments File
... Nurses in 22 different hospital wards receive a phone call from a new staff doctor that they have not yet met. The caller says “This is Doctor Riley from psychiatry calling. I was asked to see Mr. Thomson this morning, and I am going to have to see him again tonight. I would like him to have some me ...
... Nurses in 22 different hospital wards receive a phone call from a new staff doctor that they have not yet met. The caller says “This is Doctor Riley from psychiatry calling. I was asked to see Mr. Thomson this morning, and I am going to have to see him again tonight. I would like him to have some me ...