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Applications and Layered Architecture
Applications and Layered Architecture

... – Packet switch deals with a uniform routing procedure, within one homogenous network, one pair of data link and physical layer – Router/gateway deals with routing in multiple heterogeneous networks, more than one pair of data link and physical layers – Gateway sometime contains firewall function ...
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... Provide a signaling service for the remote node Transport protocols mark packets with sequencing information To acknowledge the receipt of a packet Provide multiple application processes to access the network by using individual local addresses to determine the destination process for each data stre ...
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... The first parameter refers to the hardware layer and essentially reflects whether the interface is receiving the Carrier Detect (CD) signal from the other end of the connection. If the line is down, a problem may exist with the cabling, equipment somewhere in the circuit may be powered off or malfun ...
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... • “open”: publicly available • uses link state algorithm – LS packet dissemination – topology map at each node – route computation using Dijkstra’s algorithm ...
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... or wireless. The advantages of the wireless infrastructure compared to the wired infrastructure are low costs and simple connection to distant and unreachable areas. The disadvantages are interference with other signals and electromagnetic fields and dependence on batteries. This paper is organized ...
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... channel are called Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol • The MAC protocol are implemented to Network Layer in the MAC sublayer which is the Logical Link lower sublayer of the data link layer Control • The higher portion of the data link Medium Access Control layer is often called Logical Link Contr ...
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... Hierarchical addressing: more specific routes ISPs-R-Us has a more specific route to Organization 1 Longest substring matching between the destination address and the routing table entries becomes necessary to ensure a packet to 200.23.18.0/23 won’t end up in Fly-By-Night-ISP. ...
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... Remote wireless bridge: Connects two or more wired or wireless networks together • Transmit at higher power than WLAN APs • Use directional antennas to focus transmission in single direction • Delay spread: Minimize spread of signal so that it can reach farther distances • Have software enabling sel ...
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... (30) Subnet masks tell computers what part of an IP address is to be used to determine whether a destination is in the same subnet or in a different subnet. (31) Two standards for dynamic addressing for TCP/IP networks are: Bootstrap Protocol and Dynamic Host Control Protocol. (32) Translating an ap ...
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... internationally represented standards body founded in the late 1940’S. The IOS created the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model to describe the very complex task of moving computer data from something you understand on a monitor, to bits on a wire, and back to readable data on a remote system. A ...
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... packet from one end to the other. The network should figure this out by itself. 3 All devices must be able to transmit from where they are right now, and not have to be moved. 4 Nobody uses wireless for “fun,” only for pragmatic reasons – namely lower cost and ease of installation. If it’s not easie ...
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... A. A LAN topology in which a central hub is connected by vertical cabling to other hubs that are dependent on it. B. A LAN topology in which transmissions from network stations propagate the length of the medium and are received by all other stations. C. A LAN topology in which endpoints on a networ ...
CPS221 Lecture: Layered Network Architecture last revised 9/8/14
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... 1. In the original ARPANET model, these intermediate nodes were called IMPs (Interface Message Processors). 2. Today, this functionality is normally provided by devices known as routers. 3. As indicated in the example projected, these intermediate nodes typically run only the lowest layers of the mo ...
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... Ethernet, ATM etc.). All these technologies can handle a different packet length. The network layer must be able to fragment transport layer PDUs into smaller units so that they can be transferred over various data-link layer technologies. ...
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... Optionally, you can require that users’ devices connecting to a particular network interface have FortiClient Endpoint Security software installed. Devices without an up-to-date installation of FortiClient software are restricted to a captive portal from which the user can download a FortiClient ins ...
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... usually carries out a switching function. In the case of the local area network (LAN), a network interface unit is used, through which one or more end-users may be connected. Connectivity links an end-user to a node and from there possibly through other nodes to some final end-user destination with ...
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... binding updates to CH using home address (authentication issues!) ...
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