Thesis-1965R-K29r
... composition of the nucleolus is chiefly RNA and proteins. It may also contain certain enzymes and I ipids. The synthesis of RNA in the nucleolus is generally accepted. The types are not agreed on. The transfer of RNA to the cytoplasm seems probable but the method is not apparent. Protein synthesis w ...
... composition of the nucleolus is chiefly RNA and proteins. It may also contain certain enzymes and I ipids. The synthesis of RNA in the nucleolus is generally accepted. The types are not agreed on. The transfer of RNA to the cytoplasm seems probable but the method is not apparent. Protein synthesis w ...
RNA Editing, ADAR1, and the Innate Immune Response
... channel of the AMP receptor. A-to-I RNA editing also modifies microRNA precursors and therefore impacts the biogenesis or shifts the targets of the corresponding miRNAs [25,26]. The mechanism and function of RNA editing in these traditional editing sites have been very well summarized in previous re ...
... channel of the AMP receptor. A-to-I RNA editing also modifies microRNA precursors and therefore impacts the biogenesis or shifts the targets of the corresponding miRNAs [25,26]. The mechanism and function of RNA editing in these traditional editing sites have been very well summarized in previous re ...
Isolation and characterization of an RNA that binds with high affinity
... Tat/TAR interaction. Furthermore, we identified important regions of TAR RNA that are responsible for the inhibition of transcription, namely, the loop, residues that surround the loop, the triple-base bulge, and the lower stem region of the TAR RNA. Since authentic TAR RNA of HIV-1 interacts with s ...
... Tat/TAR interaction. Furthermore, we identified important regions of TAR RNA that are responsible for the inhibition of transcription, namely, the loop, residues that surround the loop, the triple-base bulge, and the lower stem region of the TAR RNA. Since authentic TAR RNA of HIV-1 interacts with s ...
Recombination in large RNA viruses: Coronaviruses
... the defective gene in the original virus. Similar recombination events have also been observed when RNA fragments representing either the 5'- or 3'-ends of the viral RNAs were transfected into virus-infected cells.33 In this case, the viral RNA containing the sequence of the transfected RNA fragment ...
... the defective gene in the original virus. Similar recombination events have also been observed when RNA fragments representing either the 5'- or 3'-ends of the viral RNAs were transfected into virus-infected cells.33 In this case, the viral RNA containing the sequence of the transfected RNA fragment ...
RNA Splicing
... • Intron definition – The two splice sites are recognised without requiring any sequences outside of the intron. • The SR proteins may enable U2AFlU2 snRNP to bind in vitro in the absence of UI, raising the possibility that there could be a U1-independent pathway for splicing • Exon definition – Whe ...
... • Intron definition – The two splice sites are recognised without requiring any sequences outside of the intron. • The SR proteins may enable U2AFlU2 snRNP to bind in vitro in the absence of UI, raising the possibility that there could be a U1-independent pathway for splicing • Exon definition – Whe ...
mMESSAGE mMACHINE® Kit User Guide
... mMESSAGE mMACHINE® Kits are designed for the in vitro synthesis of large amounts of capped RNA. Capped RNA mimics most eukaryotic mRNAs found in vivo, because it has a 7-methyl guanosine cap structure at the 5' end. mMESSAGE mMACHINE® Kit reactions include cap analog [m7G(5')ppp(5')G] in an ultra hi ...
... mMESSAGE mMACHINE® Kits are designed for the in vitro synthesis of large amounts of capped RNA. Capped RNA mimics most eukaryotic mRNAs found in vivo, because it has a 7-methyl guanosine cap structure at the 5' end. mMESSAGE mMACHINE® Kit reactions include cap analog [m7G(5')ppp(5')G] in an ultra hi ...
Transcription
... metabolic activities. In present day cells, DNA stores information and proteins perform catalysis, with RNA as the intermediate between DNA and protein. One can imagine a time when there was no DNA or protein, just RNA performing both functions: this is the RNA World hypothesis. • Very long ago, at ...
... metabolic activities. In present day cells, DNA stores information and proteins perform catalysis, with RNA as the intermediate between DNA and protein. One can imagine a time when there was no DNA or protein, just RNA performing both functions: this is the RNA World hypothesis. • Very long ago, at ...
Bacteriophage MS2 RNA
... that another important factor which leads to nonrandom codon use, may be dictated by the requirements of the translation machinery and, in particular the efficiency of codon-anticodon interaction. Indeed, several observations point to the existence of well-defined structural rules in this interactio ...
... that another important factor which leads to nonrandom codon use, may be dictated by the requirements of the translation machinery and, in particular the efficiency of codon-anticodon interaction. Indeed, several observations point to the existence of well-defined structural rules in this interactio ...
RNA Polymerases
... Alternative RNA Pol Ⅲ promoters and RNA Pol Ⅲ termination Many RNA Pol III genes also rely on upstream sequences for the regulation of their transcription. Some promoters such as the U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA ) and small RNA genes from the Epstein-Barr virus use only regulatory sequences upstr ...
... Alternative RNA Pol Ⅲ promoters and RNA Pol Ⅲ termination Many RNA Pol III genes also rely on upstream sequences for the regulation of their transcription. Some promoters such as the U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA ) and small RNA genes from the Epstein-Barr virus use only regulatory sequences upstr ...
A CRISPR-based yeast two-hybrid system for investigating
... RNA of interest. In an Mfold computational prediction of the sgRNA-MCS secondary structure, in which the guide sequence was forced to be single-stranded, most of the MCS sequence is indeed predicted to form a hairpin, as designed (Figure 1C). Although the first four nucleotides of ...
... RNA of interest. In an Mfold computational prediction of the sgRNA-MCS secondary structure, in which the guide sequence was forced to be single-stranded, most of the MCS sequence is indeed predicted to form a hairpin, as designed (Figure 1C). Although the first four nucleotides of ...
A CRISPR-based yeast two-hybrid system for investigating
... RNA of interest. In an Mfold computational prediction of the sgRNA-MCS secondary structure, in which the guide sequence was forced to be single-stranded, most of the MCS sequence is indeed predicted to form a hairpin, as designed (Figure 1C). Although the first four nucleotides of ...
... RNA of interest. In an Mfold computational prediction of the sgRNA-MCS secondary structure, in which the guide sequence was forced to be single-stranded, most of the MCS sequence is indeed predicted to form a hairpin, as designed (Figure 1C). Although the first four nucleotides of ...
PDF
... RNA synthesis in embryos described previously (Kafiani & Timofeeva, 1964, 1965). The relative rate of dRNA synthesis ('dRNA-synthesizing activity') was estimated at different stages of development in normal embryos of loach (Misgumusfossilis) and in embryos partially or nearly wholly deprived of nuc ...
... RNA synthesis in embryos described previously (Kafiani & Timofeeva, 1964, 1965). The relative rate of dRNA synthesis ('dRNA-synthesizing activity') was estimated at different stages of development in normal embryos of loach (Misgumusfossilis) and in embryos partially or nearly wholly deprived of nuc ...
Promega Notes: Technically Speaking: Tips for Working with RNA
... Readings in the range of 0.02 to 0.1 absorbance units can be unreliable (depending on the technique and instrument used), and values below this range are not meaningful. One A260 unit of single-stranded RNA is equivalent to 40µg. Thus, if accurate quantitation is necessary, we recommend use of spect ...
... Readings in the range of 0.02 to 0.1 absorbance units can be unreliable (depending on the technique and instrument used), and values below this range are not meaningful. One A260 unit of single-stranded RNA is equivalent to 40µg. Thus, if accurate quantitation is necessary, we recommend use of spect ...
... injected must match the mature “trimmed” mRNA sequence for the gene and the interference could not be elicited by intron sequences. This implies that interference takes place after transcription, probably in the cytoplasm rather than in the cell nucleus (4) The mRNA was revealed to be targeted with ...
Polyamines and other charged amines bind to RNA by hydrogen
... proposed models for spermine and spermidine, NH 2 (CH 2 ) NH(CH2) NH2,binding to DNA in which phosphate groups interact with each positively charged amino group, the tetramethylene portion of the polyamine bridges the narrow (minor) groove of the helix between the two strands and the trimethylene po ...
... proposed models for spermine and spermidine, NH 2 (CH 2 ) NH(CH2) NH2,binding to DNA in which phosphate groups interact with each positively charged amino group, the tetramethylene portion of the polyamine bridges the narrow (minor) groove of the helix between the two strands and the trimethylene po ...
NUCLEIC ACID CATALYSTS: COMPARING THE MECHANISMS OF
... its shape and ability to function because it can no longer fit with its substrate (1). Enzymes, like all catalysts, are not used up in a reaction; they merely create an intermediary state in the reaction that requires less activation energy and allows the reaction to move forward at a faster rate. I ...
... its shape and ability to function because it can no longer fit with its substrate (1). Enzymes, like all catalysts, are not used up in a reaction; they merely create an intermediary state in the reaction that requires less activation energy and allows the reaction to move forward at a faster rate. I ...
presentation (spanish ppt format, 3.3 MB)
... Cytoplasmic tRNA genes are grouped into 49 families according to their anti-codon features. tRNA genes are found on all chromosomes, except 22 and Y. High clustering on 6p and 1. tRNA molecules are transcribed (in eukaryotic cells) by RNA polymerase III, unlike messenger RNA which is transcribed by ...
... Cytoplasmic tRNA genes are grouped into 49 families according to their anti-codon features. tRNA genes are found on all chromosomes, except 22 and Y. High clustering on 6p and 1. tRNA molecules are transcribed (in eukaryotic cells) by RNA polymerase III, unlike messenger RNA which is transcribed by ...
Elongation and Termination of Transcription
... • HIV LTR is also regulated at initiation by a large number of transcription factors that bind upstream of the core promoter, all within the LTR. ...
... • HIV LTR is also regulated at initiation by a large number of transcription factors that bind upstream of the core promoter, all within the LTR. ...
Document
... attenuated only in the absence of tryptophan. Control by attenuation requires a precise timing of events. Translation of the leader must occur at the same time when RNA polymerase approaches the terminator site. Fig. 13.10: summarizes the role of Trp-tRNA in controlling expression of the operon. ...
... attenuated only in the absence of tryptophan. Control by attenuation requires a precise timing of events. Translation of the leader must occur at the same time when RNA polymerase approaches the terminator site. Fig. 13.10: summarizes the role of Trp-tRNA in controlling expression of the operon. ...
Slides PPT
... material, stored as DNA. • The nuclear genome refers to the DNA in the chromosomes contained in the nucleus; in the case of humans the DNA in the 46 chromosomes. It is the nuclear genome that defines a multicellular organism; it will be the same for all (almost) cells of the organism. ...
... material, stored as DNA. • The nuclear genome refers to the DNA in the chromosomes contained in the nucleus; in the case of humans the DNA in the 46 chromosomes. It is the nuclear genome that defines a multicellular organism; it will be the same for all (almost) cells of the organism. ...
PHAR2811 Dale`s lecture 7 The Transcriptome Definitions: Genome
... • RNA polymerase II which transcribes mRNA. • The primary transcript is a direct copy of the gene. • It includes the introns, 5’ and 3’UTRs but NOT the promoter region • This process is really complicated ...
... • RNA polymerase II which transcribes mRNA. • The primary transcript is a direct copy of the gene. • It includes the introns, 5’ and 3’UTRs but NOT the promoter region • This process is really complicated ...
The structure of RNase E at the core of the RNA
... unstructured and poorly conserved6. In E. coli and related proteobacteria, this Cterminal domain organizes and coordinates the activities of the multi-enzyme RNA degradosome complex7,8, which is composed of enolase, polynucleotide phosphorylase and the ATP-dependent helicase RhlB. The degradosome as ...
... unstructured and poorly conserved6. In E. coli and related proteobacteria, this Cterminal domain organizes and coordinates the activities of the multi-enzyme RNA degradosome complex7,8, which is composed of enolase, polynucleotide phosphorylase and the ATP-dependent helicase RhlB. The degradosome as ...
Enzymatic cleavage of RNA by RNA
... While the biochemical purification was proceeding, studies of temperature sensitive mutants of E. coli made by Schedl and Primakoff (1973; Schedl et al., 1974), Shimura, Ozeki and their coworkers (Ozeki et al., 1974; Sakano et al., 1974) showed that RNase P is essential in E. coli for the biosynthes ...
... While the biochemical purification was proceeding, studies of temperature sensitive mutants of E. coli made by Schedl and Primakoff (1973; Schedl et al., 1974), Shimura, Ozeki and their coworkers (Ozeki et al., 1974; Sakano et al., 1974) showed that RNase P is essential in E. coli for the biosynthes ...
Hammerhead ribozyme
The hammerhead ribozyme is a RNA molecule motif that catalyzes reversible cleavage and joining reactions at a specific site within an RNA molecule. It serves as a model system for research on the structure and properties of RNA, and is used for targeted RNA cleavage experiments, some with proposed therapeutic applications. Named for the resemblance of early secondary structure diagrams to a hammerhead shark, hammerhead ribozymes RNAs were originally discovered in two classes of plant virus-like RNAs: satellite RNAs and viroids. They have subsequently been found to be widely dispersed within many forms of life.The self-cleavage reactions, first reported in 1986, are part of a rolling circle replication mechanism. The hammerhead sequence is sufficient for self-cleavage and acts by forming a conserved three-dimensional tertiary structure.