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Chapter 4: Network Layer
Chapter 4: Network Layer

... ❒ VC network provides network-layer connection service ❒ Analogous to the transport-layer services, but: Service: host-to-host ❍ No choice: network provides one or the other ❍ Implementation: in the core ...
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

... protocol used in the Internet Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): IP address  Ethernet address Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP): Ethernet address  IP address Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP): function is similar to RARP, but using UDP messages, and was extended to DHCP (Dynamic Host Configurati ...
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol

... – Consider a network with 500 hosts – Classful address: a class B address, wasting over 64K addresses – CIDR: a network with /23 – One class B address can be used for 128 such networks using CIDR ...
ppt
ppt

... • On-demand protocol • Table-driven, distance-vector routing • Similar to DSR in finding routes, but • Uses sequence numbers on route updates • Has an idea of freshness of a route ...
sockets-bridge-learning
sockets-bridge-learning

... – Often a limitation on the physical distance – E.g. to detect collisions in a contention based network ...
2011-02-3.presentation
2011-02-3.presentation

... We used ‘show isis topology’ to inspect R4’s LSDB that contains, among other things, the sequence number of the last LSP that was received. Our seq. number can be seen on the last ...
RSE-CH4g - wmmhicks.com
RSE-CH4g - wmmhicks.com

...  Routers and multilayer switches both perform routing (connecting networks)  Routers may have different types of interfaces (Ethernet, serial, ATM, etc.) while multilayer switches will only have Ethernet interfaces.  While routers can be used to segment LAN devices, their major use is as WAN devi ...
21. + 24. P2P (21.4.+28.4.) - ole unibz
21. + 24. P2P (21.4.+28.4.) - ole unibz

... Super-peer-based P2P architectures • Some nodes will act as servers for a subset of ...
Relaying and Base Station Cooperation
Relaying and Base Station Cooperation

... imperfect channel state information (CSI)) [11]. As available scientific work differs in its models and assumptions, it is difficult to compare several techniques with each other. Moreover, the performance heavily depends on various parameters such as traffic load or effective signal-tointerference- ...
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Coverage and Connectivity Probabilities in WSN with

... Abstract: A sensor network provides flexible communication network, which can be deployed rapidly over wide and/or inaccessible areas. However, the need to gather data from all sensors in the network imposes constraints on the distances between sensors. In a WSN, after collecting information from th ...
Managing Dynamic Temporal Constraint Networks
Managing Dynamic Temporal Constraint Networks

... do not specify an exact time for the start of the activities, but just an interval of possibilities [MUS93, SMI93]. A good principle in the attempt of satisfying these requirements seems to be the utilization of algorithms that: (a) work incrementally like the problem solver does; (b) use all the in ...
Link-State Routing Protocols
Link-State Routing Protocols

...  Uses a Hello Protocol to find neighbors & check they are still up. – Connected interfaces that are using the same link state routing protocols will exchange hello packets – Once routers learn it has neighbors they form an adjacency • 2 adjacent neighbors will exchange hello packets • These packets ...
Networks: Part 1
Networks: Part 1

... IP Addressing: introduction  IP address: 32-bit ...
Topology Control in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Cooperative
Topology Control in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Cooperative

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Unicast Routing Protocols

... • OSPF – Open Shortest Path First protocol – assigns a cost for passing through a network based on the type of service required – routes through the network can have different cost – each router would have several tables • BGP – Border Gateway Protocol – is an exterior routing protocol that uses a p ...
Actiontec GT704WG Wireless DSL Gateway Product Datasheet
Actiontec GT704WG Wireless DSL Gateway Product Datasheet



... protocol, instead of Internet, IP prefix, AS or router, BGP, even if our examples and experiments pertain to inter-AS routing. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section II presents the routing and forwarding model. Section III introduces DRAGON’s filtering strategy and aggregation ...
Low-Cost Driver Assistance Using ZigBee®/IEEE® 802.15.4
Low-Cost Driver Assistance Using ZigBee®/IEEE® 802.15.4

... entry and exit points can maintain a log of passing vehicle IDs plus a timestamp. Nodes can timestamp the entry and exit of ...
Managed Video Services over Multi-Domain Software
Managed Video Services over Multi-Domain Software

... messaging overhead. Fig.2 illustrates a multi-domain SDN with 4 domains. The complete network topology is presented in Fig.2a, while aggregated model as seen by a particular domain controller is presented in Fig.2b. The unfilled and filled dots stand for intra-domain switches and border gateways, re ...
Computer Networks(Routing and IPv6).
Computer Networks(Routing and IPv6).

... other router in its area of its neighbors and costs. • This information allows each router to construct the graph for its area and compute the shortest path. • Backbone routers accept information from the area border routers in order to compute the best route from each backbone router to every other ...
CS 552 Computer Networks Quality Of Service
CS 552 Computer Networks Quality Of Service

... – Aids in combining similar flows – Filter can be shared (SE-style) or can use wild cards (all senders on a given port or a given sender on all ports, etc) – The style may be shared or distinct in a sense that all reservations may be handled as one single reservation or there may be a single reserva ...
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... • Debate in the 1970ies • The connection-less IP protocol was adopted – Simpler to realize, especially for inter-networking – Cannot provide ordered delivery, flow control and error control (if this is required by application, TCP must be used) ...
Peer-to-peer architecture for collaborative intrusion and malware
Peer-to-peer architecture for collaborative intrusion and malware

... can assign a unique node identifier nodeID to each collaboration module. The collaboration module has three main purposes. – It is responsible for retrieving new events that have been stored in the local alert database. These events are submitted to the DHT-based overlay network through a key (messa ...
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lec22-distribsystems

... communication network, including handling the address of outgoing packets, decoding the address of incoming packets, and maintaining routing information for proper response to changing load levels ...
Computer Networks - Network Optiminization Research Group
Computer Networks - Network Optiminization Research Group

... other router in its area of its neighbors and costs. • This information allows each router to construct the graph for its area and compute the shortest path. • Backbone routers accept information from the area border routers in order to compute the best route from each backbone router to every other ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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