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MBone Provides Audio and Video Across the Internet
MBone Provides Audio and Video Across the Internet

... was considered impossible. Development of effective multicast protocols disproved that widespread opinion. In this respect, MBone is like the proverbial talking dog: It’s not so much what the dog has to say that is amazing, it’s more that the dog can talk at all! The key network concepts that make M ...
Topic 16: Routing in IP over ATM networks
Topic 16: Routing in IP over ATM networks

... switches need not be aware of the LANE. This is because it builds upon the overlay model in which LANE operates transparently through ATM switches. Only the main signaling components are utilized. The basic function of LANE is to carry out the MAC address to ATM address resolving. Once the resolving ...
Title Goes Here
Title Goes Here

... Traffic engineering occurs independently in two domains -- (i) the IP router network with its logical adjacencies spanning the OXC backbone, and (ii) the optical network which provisions physical lightpaths between edge IP routers. Could lead to inefficiency in traffic routing from a ...
OpenFlow Switching: Data Plane Performance
OpenFlow Switching: Data Plane Performance

Internet Indirection Infrastructure Ion Stoica Daniel Adkins Shelley Zhuang
Internet Indirection Infrastructure Ion Stoica Daniel Adkins Shelley Zhuang

... Although these more general abstractions would undoubtedly bring significant benefit to end-users, it remains unclear how to achieve them. These abstractions have proven difficult to implement scalably at the IP layer [4, 13, 27]. Moreover, deploying additional functionality at the IP layer requires ...
Internet Indirection Infrastructure Ion Stoica Daniel Adkins Shelley Zhuang
Internet Indirection Infrastructure Ion Stoica Daniel Adkins Shelley Zhuang

... whether or not to receive packets sent to that group (this can be indicated on a per-source basis). It is up to the multicast infrastructure to build efficient delivery trees. The  equivalent of a join is inserting a trigger. This operation is more flexible than an IP multicast join as it allows ...
Functional Requirements for Transport API
Functional Requirements for Transport API

... ©2016 Open Networking Foundation. All rights reserved. Open Networking Foundation, the ONF symbol, and OpenFlow are registered trademarks of the Open Networking Foundation, in the United States and/or in other countries. All other brands, products, or service names are or may be trademarks or servic ...
Lab 5-1 Inter-VLAN Routing
Lab 5-1 Inter-VLAN Routing

... Cisco's switching product line offers robust support for IP routing. It is common practice to use only multi-layer switching in the distribution layer of the network, eliminating routers in all but special use cases, usually when a gateway interface is required. Doing so provides many benefits in te ...
(IP) dan Subnet Mask
(IP) dan Subnet Mask

... network or divide it into as many smaller networks as needed to meet its requirements. ...
Introduction
Introduction

... addresses in a block are traditionally used for special addresses. These addresses are not assigned to any host.  To improve the distribution of addresses, NAT technology has been created to allow separation of private addresses in a network from the global addresses used in the Internet. A transla ...
Problem - UC Berkeley Robotics and Intelligent Machines Lab
Problem - UC Berkeley Robotics and Intelligent Machines Lab

... OXCs are treated as IP routers with assigned IP addresses No distinction between UNI and NNI Single routing protocol instance runs over both domains Topology and link state info maintained by both IP and optical routers is identical EECS - UC Berkeley ...
CMT-TS-CAG Meeting - Grupo de Redes de Computadores
CMT-TS-CAG Meeting - Grupo de Redes de Computadores

... Do we really need yet another Communication - Architecture ? Yes, because a comprehensive framework is needed to enable individually developed components to cooperate easily ...
Out-of-band Signalling Channel for Efficient Multicast Service Delivery in
Out-of-band Signalling Channel for Efficient Multicast Service Delivery in

... basic access network (BAN), used only for the signalling purposes, or over one of the available radio access networks. The proposed mechanisms, however, mainly targeted unicast communication. Our work draws on the concepts and experiences of MIRAI and aims to provide an efficient signalling solution ...
An incrementally deployable anti-spoofing mechanism for software
An incrementally deployable anti-spoofing mechanism for software

... technology start to use the technology to their network. As the larger network operators recognize the necessity of the technology and observe customer demand, they also implement the feature. This causes the early mainstream network operators to deploy it. Finally, some network operators may not up ...
Introduction to Routing and Packet Forwarding
Introduction to Routing and Packet Forwarding

... Bits are decoded and passed to layer 2 Router de-encapsulates the frame Remaining packet passed up to layer 3 -Routing decision made at this layer by examining destination IP address Packet is then re-encapsulated & sent out outbound interface ...
White Paper
White Paper

... LDP signalled PW L3VPN Figure 1: MPLS over 100 Gigabit Ethernet Tests Our goal was to verify if one can expect to run the same MPLS services in deployment today using the 100GE interfaces currently available. Vendors brought 100GBASE-LR4 interfaces which utilize four ...
BlueTooth Simulation - Networked Software Systems Laboratory
BlueTooth Simulation - Networked Software Systems Laboratory

... In order to understand Bluetooth one must see its global structure, that is, its stack. (Shown in figure 3). The layers of bluetooth can be split into two main parts: Core layers that are used by every bluetooth application: - Bluetooth Radio the actual RF transceiver. - Baseband also called LC cont ...
Document
Document

... •Combines collection of physical networks into single, virtual network •Transport protocols use this connectionless service to provide connectionless data delivery (UDP) and connection-oriented data delivery (TCP) ...
Internetworking Technology Overview
Internetworking Technology Overview

... Information being transferred from a software application in one computer system to a software application in another must pass through each of the OSI layers. If, for example, a software application in System A has information to transmit to a software application in System B, the application progr ...
Measurement guide and report template
Measurement guide and report template

... 2. Task: connection between Ethernet and IP addresses Aim of the task: understanding the connection between Ethernet and IP addresses by the use of command line tool ping. Ping is a simple network test tool that sends an ICMP Echo Request message (by default four times) to the network node passed as ...
Chapter 10: Circuit Switching and Packet Switching Switching
Chapter 10: Circuit Switching and Packet Switching Switching

Layer  3 Multiprotocol  Label  Switching  Vir-
Layer 3 Multiprotocol Label Switching Vir-

... MPLS packets can run on other Layer 2 technologies such as ATM, Frame Relay, PPP, POS and Ethernet, in the same manner as these Layer 2 technologies can run on MPLS network /4/. MPLS is normally used by Service Providers, however large scale corporations also build their own private MPLS network. Th ...
ECE/CS 4984: Lecture 9
ECE/CS 4984: Lecture 9

... ● A MANET “router” typically has a single interface, while a traditional router has an interface for each network to which it connects ■ Routed packet sent forward when transmitted, but also sent ...
Ethernet
Ethernet

... Link-state routing protocols do not send periodic updates of whole routing tables. After the network has converged, a link-state update only sent when there is a change in the topology. All the routers have the same “map” of the network and each router works out its own best routes. 25-May-17 ...
ppt - The Fengs
ppt - The Fengs

... – Forges the 3rd handshake (ack) from the client to the destination – This moves connection out of backlog queue, freeing resources – If this is attack, no “real” ack will happen • Destination will send RST packet terminating connection – If this is actual connection request the eventual ack will be ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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