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ch4_1040106update
ch4_1040106update

... A collision domain refers to a network segment An n-port bridge could separate one collision domain into n collision domains All these collision domains are still under the same broadcast domain unless VLANs are created All nodes can communicate with each other by broadcast at the link layer An n -p ...
Connectivity
Connectivity

...  I.e. Multiplexing + indirection = virtualization  We can “refer” to the virtual resource as if it were the physical resource.  Pure magic !  Eg: ...
Fundamentals of Embedded Software Development Technology
Fundamentals of Embedded Software Development Technology

... Supports any transport layer based on IETF IP compliant standards, including but not limited to ZigBee IP, other RF-based and Power Line Carrier (PLC)-based transports Support internationally recognized standards to ensure long-term interoperability with multiple technologies Accomplishing these goa ...
Practical Network-Wide Compression of IP Routing Tables
Practical Network-Wide Compression of IP Routing Tables

... Flexibility: By default, MMS operates in a transparent fashion, with absolutely no changes to the way routes are chosen and packets are forwarded. In this “transparent mode” external networks (e.g., other ASes) need not be aware that an MMS has been deployed. In such a situation, the MMS can still p ...
Metro Ethernet: Understanding Key Underlying Technologies
Metro Ethernet: Understanding Key Underlying Technologies

...  Packets form Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC)  Treated identically by participating routers  Assigned the same label ...
Group Spreading
Group Spreading

... honest peers have infinite bandwidth (no DOS) assumptions about messages… ...
Communication Cost of Distributed Computing
Communication Cost of Distributed Computing

... Finding file sizes, free memory size in peer-to-peer networks Information aggregation in sensor networks In many of these scenarios, communication is asynchronous, subject to link and node failures and topology changes ...
Document
Document

...  MPLS promises to be a powerful  Marring the best of IP and ATM  It will take time to meet all high  Functional replacement  Network management ...
The Internet and Its Uses - Universitas Sebelas Maret
The Internet and Its Uses - Universitas Sebelas Maret

... into specific sizes called class A, class B, class C, class D (multicast), and class E (experimental) addresses.  Class A Blocks –A class A address block was designed to support extremely large networks with more than 16 million host addresses. –Class A used a fixed /8 prefix with the first octet t ...
Basic Switching and Switch Configuration
Basic Switching and Switch Configuration

IPv6
IPv6

... Address Registries Address registries for IPv6 are the same one as for IPv4, ARIN,RIPE and APNIC. • Only large network providers will ever obtain addresses directly from the registries, such as UNINET : one such provider in Thailand • If a /35 prefix is allocates, the registry internally will reser ...
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pdf

... In this section, we present the Cluster-Based dynamic fanout based epidemic protocol, followed by a detailed mathematical analysis. We adopted a hierarchicalmembership approach using Newscast [11]. The nodes do not perform message filtering which means that redundant and duplicate messages are proce ...
Accurate Real-time Identification of IP Prefix
Accurate Real-time Identification of IP Prefix

... route filtering is impossible along peering edges due to lack of information on addresses allocated to customers belonging to one’s peer, usually one’s competitor. Given the above difficulties, it is critical to detect and thwart potential IP hijacking attempts. Some of the existing work relying on ...
P2P
P2P

... Flooding messages to everyone is bad Underlying network topology is important Not all nodes are equal Need incentives to discourage freeloading Privacy and security are important Structure can provide bounds and guarantees ...
Distance Vector Routing Protocols
Distance Vector Routing Protocols

... Routing protocol characteristics (1/3) • Time to Convergence - Time to convergence defines how quickly the routers in the network topology share routing information and reach a state of consistent knowledge. – The faster the convergence, the more preferable the protocol. – Routing loops can occur w ...
BlackDiamond 8800 series chassis-based switches simplify the
BlackDiamond 8800 series chassis-based switches simplify the

... Center switch. The ports interconnect thousands of servers for High Performance Cluster Computing (HPCC). The BlackDiamond 8800 series switches with 8900-xl series modules meet the needs of next generation service provider transport networks for converged services and are ideal for deployment at the ...
ATM
ATM

... – Used to emulate broadcast feature of a legacy LAN – Packet sent to the BUS are sent to all LECs in the ELAN – It is used before a direct connection is established between two LECs ...
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Document

... Flow and Error Control » Same as HDLC » This is why X.25 is not efficient – Two layers of flow and error control ...
Paper Title (use style: paper title)
Paper Title (use style: paper title)

... Service and Content Providers due to several deployment complexities. These deployment complexities are due to an increasing gap between the state-of-the-art and the real deployment [1], [2]. While current network manufacturers’ routing devices and internetwork operating systems are IP multicast ena ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... T=0: permanent address (otherwise non-permanent) P=1: Group ID based on network prefix R=1: Group ID contains address of rendezvous point ...
Switched LAN Architecture
Switched LAN Architecture

... various groupings of users and their impact on network performance. The way users are grouped affects issues related to port density and traffic flow, which, in turn, influences the selection of network switches. In a typical office building, end users are grouped according to their job function, be ...
Activity 6.4.1: Basic VLSM Calculation and
Activity 6.4.1: Basic VLSM Calculation and

... 2. What is the smallest size subnet that can be used to meet this requirement? _______ 3. What is the maximum number of IP addresses that can be assigned in this size subnet? _______ Step 8: Assign subnets to links. Start with the IP address following the Branch2 LAN subnets. 1. Assign the next avai ...
Packet Filtering
Packet Filtering

... Mangling (packet manipulation) such as altering the TOS/DSCP/ECN bits of the IP ...
VERTICAL HORIZON VH-2402-L3 FAST ETHERNET SWITCH
VERTICAL HORIZON VH-2402-L3 FAST ETHERNET SWITCH

... 5. Develop a security scheme. Some subnets on the network need more security or should be isolated from the other subnets. IP or MAC filtering can be used. Also, one or more VLANs on the Layer 3 switch can be configured without an IP subnet – in which case, these VLANs will function as a layer 2 VLA ...
Computer Networks I Laboratory Exercise 5
Computer Networks I Laboratory Exercise 5

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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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